Reservoirs in the Stavropol region. General information about the water resources of the region. The best paid reservoirs in the Stavropol Territory

In the valleys of the rivers Kuma, Egorlyk and Kalaus, in the central part of the Ciscaucasia, on the Stavropol Upland, is the Stavropol Territory, which is famous for its resort area of the Caucasian Mineral Waters.

Geography of the Stavropol Territory

The area of Stavropol is 66.16 km², it includes 26 administrative districts with a population of 2.8 million people, of which 58.36% are urban (data as of 01/01/2017).

The climate of the region is temperate continental. The terrain is difficult. The central part is occupied by the Stavropol Upland, which in the south connects with the foothills of the Greater Caucasus, in the east it smoothly flows into the Terek-Kuma Lowland and into the Azov-Kuban Lowland in the west, and in the north it connects with the Kuma-Manych depression.

In the foothills, one can distinguish Pyatigorye - a volcanic region with numerous peaks. The maximum height is observed in the Kislovodsk region and reaches 1603 meters above sea level. The smallest peak is located in the lower reaches. Its height is only 6 meters.

The rivers, lakes and mountains of the Stavropol Territory are original and picturesque. There are 130 mineral water springs in the Stavropol region. The water resources of the region are not only rivers and lakes created by nature, but also man-made reservoirs, ponds and canals, which are used to moisten arid steppe lands.

Rivers of Stavropol

The rivers of the Stavropol Territory belong to the basins of the Caspian and Azov seas. Due to the arid climate in most of the region's lands, the density of the river network is insignificant and unevenly distributed. The rivers are most densely located in the foothills, and to the east and north their number decreases significantly. What rivers are there in the Stavropol Territory?

There are just over 200 rivers and rivulets. Most of them are small rivers. The length of such rivers is from 101 to 200 km with a drainage area from 1000 to 2000 km². The rivers flowing in the eastern part of the region contain a large amount of mineral elements, which is associated with the salinity of the local soils.

The list of rivers of the Stavropol Territory can be divided into two parts: rivers belonging to the Azov-Black Sea basin, and those belonging to the Caspian Sea basin.

Main rivers of the Azov-Black Sea basin

These are Western Manych, Yegorlyk, Kalaus and Kuban. The few rivers of the Stavropol Territory are mainly fed by rain and snowmelt. The watershed between the basins of the Azov and Caspian Seas, passing from the village of Divnoye through the city of Stavropol, then through Elbrus and the Beshtau Mountains, is a component of the main watershed. The names of rivers in the Stavropol Territory often have Turkic roots.

Western Manych

The left tributary of the Don is the Western Manych. Translated from Turkic, “manych” means “bitter”. Its source is located at the site of the former branching of the river into Western and Eastern Manych, the Kalaus River.

The length of Western Manych is 219 km. The flow of this river passes through the valley of the Manych hollow. It feeds mainly from melting snow cover. The main tributaries are Kalaus and Yegorlyk. Western Manych is most often used for fishing.

Kalaus

This is the second large tributary of the Western Manych (left). “Kalaus” translated from Turkic means “fortress”. The river begins on the slopes of Mount Bryk and flows along the Stavropol Upland. Its length is 436 km. The river is fed by springs, melted snow and rain. The banks are steep and steep, in some places reaching a height of 15 m. Kalaus has 81 tributaries. In the immediate vicinity of the source there are Maikop clays, due to which the river water is muddy, salty and not suitable for drinking.

Egorlyk

The Yegorlyk River in the Stavropol Territory is a left tributary of the Western Manych. Its source is on Mount Strizhament.

Yegorlyk flows into it. Its length is 458 km. It flows in the Stavropol Territory, Rostov Region and the Republic of Kalmykia. The river is fed in the upper reaches by snow and underground, in the lower reaches by snow and rain. It has two large tributaries: Bolshaya Kugulta and Kalala.

Kuban

The Kuban River is the largest river in the Stavropol Territory. Its source is the western slope of Mount Elbrus, where the Uchkulan and Ullukam rivers merge. The length of the Kuban River is about 870 km. The route of its flow passes through Karachay-Cherkessia in the Stavropol Territory, then to the border of the Krasnodar Territory with Adygea, it flows into the Sea of Azov. The river waters are used for drinking and irrigation.

The largest tributary of the Kuban is the Bolshoi Zelenchuk. The highest rise in water level can be observed in the second half of summer. The Kuban River bed is filled with rain, melt water, including from mountain glaciers, and underground flows. In the Stavropol region, the river is mainly fed by rainwater. The main rivers of the Caspian Sea basin are the Terek, Kuma, Gorkaya Balka, and Vostochny Manych.

Terek

The source of this river in the Stavropol Territory lies in the Trusovsky Gorge, located on the Main Caucasus Range. The length of the Terek channel is 623 km. The river flows from Georgia to North Ossetia, then through the territory of Kabardino-Balkaria and the Stavropol Territory, through Chechnya and Dagestan to the Agrakhan Bay of the Caspian Sea. Its main tributary is the Malka.

The river is fed mainly by the melting of mountain glaciers and snow, so the flood occurs at the height of summer. The Terek is used to irrigate adjacent fields and gardens.

Eastern Manych

The source and feeding springs are the same as those of Western Manych. Length - 141 km. After human intervention, the Kalaus River no longer replenishes the Eastern Manych, but only the Western. Flows through the territory of Kalmykia and Stavropol. The river flows to the Caspian Sea through the Sostinskie lakes. The quality of the water is low and cannot be used for drinking.

Kuma

The source of the Kuma lies on the northern slope of the Rocky Range in Karachay-Cherkessia. Its length is 809 km. The river is fed mainly by sediments and groundwater. Sometimes, due to lack of precipitation, Kuma does not reach the Caspian Sea. The river feeds the Kuma Valley with its waters. Its tributaries are the Mokryi and Sukhoi Karamyk, Zolka, Podkumok, Tomuzlovka, and Mokraya Buivola.

Gorky Beam

The sources of this river are the springs of the Georgievsky district. Its length is 183 km. A tributary of the Gorkaya Balka River is Sukhaya Gorkaya.

Lakes of the Stavropol Territory

The Stavropol region cannot boast of a large number of lakes. There are only 38 of them, but among them you can find lakes that are very different in characteristics, unusual, rich in fish and medicinal mud.

One of these unusual lakes in the Stavropol region is the karst lake Proval of pure blue color, which invariably attracts a large number of tourists.

This lake is located at the bottom of a cone-shaped cave, similar to a funnel. The height of the cave is 41 meters. The depth of the lake is 11 m, the diameter is 15 m. The water temperature is from +26 to +42 °C. Its blue color is due to the presence of hydrogen sulfide and special bacteria.

The Stavropol region is famous for its salt lakes, which can easily compete with the Dead Sea in terms of the quality of healing mud. In Lake Lushnikovskoye near Svetlograd, for example, once Army Commander Budyonny treated his soldiers for wounds.

One of the most popular lakes in the Stavropol region is the healing lake Tambukan, which is located on the border of the Stavropol region and Kabardino-Balkaria. The name of the lake immortalizes the name of the great Kabardian prince, who was the ancestor of the ancient Tambiev family.

Many researchers consider this lake to be the remnant of a disappeared sea. Therapeutic mud from the bottom of Tambukan is used in all health resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters.

But most of all, the lakes of Stavropol are famous for their fishing. Lake Dovsun and located in the Arzgir region are extremely popular among fishermen from all over Russia and are famous for the variety of fish species.

It is also a reservoir that supplies the regional center with fresh water. It was once called Fish and was not very deep. But then, in 1958, after the construction of the dam, the water level in it rose so much that its depth became almost like in the Sea of Azov.

Another popular lake among fishermen is Lake Velikoye, which is located on the border with Kalmykia. Such lakes in the Stavropol region as Beloye, Manych-Gudilo, Lysyy Liman, and Maly are also known as fish lakes.

Kravtsovo, which is considered a natural mystery of the Stavropol Territory, is very attractive to fishing lovers. This lake can become overgrown and clean itself. The reasons for this phenomenon have not yet been discovered by scientists. Lake Kravtsovo is also very rich in peat.

You can read a long description of the Stavropol region, its rivers, lakes, endless steppes and magnificent mountain landscapes, but nothing can replace personal presence. It's better to see everything with your own eyes. The rivers and lakes of the Stavropol Territory are something that is definitely worth seeing.

Look at the map of Stavropol! And you won't see many blue threads on it. The Stavropol region is not rich in high-water rivers. Nevertheless, there are more than two hundred rivers and streams in the Stavropol region. Most of them belong to small rivers, i.e. with a length of 101 to 200 kilometers and a catchment area of 1000 to 2000 square kilometers are called small.

The sources of the main rivers of the Stavropol region are in three geographical points: the Kuban and Terek begin in the highlands, the Kuma in the foothill ridges, and the Yegorlyk and Kalaus on the Stavropol Upland. The Stavropol Upland is a watershed of rivers carrying their waters to the Azov and Caspian Seas.

But no matter what they are - clean or cloudy, cold or warm, fresh or salty, they are the main wealth of the Stavropol region. These are the rivers of our region. They are his vital arteries, through which, like blood in a living organism, pulsating, water moves. Some rivers of Stavropol, like the Kuban and Terek, are powerful and full-flowing, others are modest and unnoticeable, and there are also those that, like moths, are short-lived and after a short burst of strength during the spring melting of snow or summer heavy rain, they fade away for a long time.

Lakes

The largest number of lakes in the Stavropol region are located in the Manych Valley. On the southern side of Lake Manych there is a whole chain of reservoirs created by nature. This group of lakes was called Pod-manok. The largest of them are Podmanok 1st, Podmanok 2nd, lakes Beloe and Lysy Liman. In the east, along the border with Kalmykia, most reservoirs have salty and bitter-salty water. The largest are lakes Da-Dynskoye, Dovsun Bolshoy, Dovsun Maly, Saga-Biruchya. The rest are salt marshes overgrown with reeds and reeds. The spring floods flood vast areas equal to the territory of three Luxembourg cities.

If you look closely at the map of Stavropol, you will find that another group of lakes is located along the valleys of the largest rivers and their tributaries. In the Kalaus valley, the most attractive lakes are Beshpa-Girskoye, Donsko-Balkovskoye, Sergievskoye, Severno-Kalinovskoye, Lushnikovskoye. The Egorlyk Valley begins with Lake Sengileevsky, to the north lie lakes Ptichye and Solenoye. In the foothills, in the region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, Tambukanskoye Bolshoye, Tambukanskoye Maloe, Lysogorskoye Northern, Lysogorskoye Yuzhnoe are widely known. They are known, first of all, for their therapeutic mud, used by the health resorts of Georgievsk, Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk, Essentuki and Kislovodsk. In the valley of the Kuma and its tributaries, the most famous lakes are Medyanika and Buivola.

The depth of these lakes is small - from 1 to 5 meters. The deepest of them is Sengileevskoye. The water in the lakes of Stavropol warms up well in the summer, the temperature reaches 20-23 degrees in July in the surface layers of the open part of the lakes, and 22-25 degrees near the shores - depending on what the summer is like.

Hydraulic structures

The first artificial canal was built in the Malki River valley in 1852-1868. It was dug by the population by hand. The canal was carried out on the initiative of the ataman of the Caucasian Linear Army, Major General Prince G.R. Eristov, from the village of Pavlovskaya (now the village of Staropavlovskaya) on the Malka River and was named Eristovsky.

One of the oldest canals in the North Caucasus is the Kuro-Maryinsky canal. It also plays an important role in water supply and irrigation of the south-eastern regions of Stavropol. Its construction began in 1858. The passage of water in the first section took place in 1868. Construction was completely completed in 1872. The canal was built on the initiative of the local Cossacks. It continues to serve people well in the 21st century.

The largest volumes of construction of hydraulic structures and canals in the Stavropol region were completed in the 20th century. It was in this century that projects were implemented to transfer the waters of Malka, Baksan, Terek and Kuban to the arid regions of Stavropol, the rivers Egorlyk, Kalaus, Kuma, Kura and their tributaries were watered. In the 20s of the twentieth century, thanks to government support, a large program for watering and irrigation of the eastern regions was implemented in the region. The Kurganenskoe reservoir, canals of the left bank Tersko-Kuma watering and irrigation system, and the Malka-Kura canal were built.

In the 30-40s of the same century, the construction of the Nevinnomyssk Canal was carried out using the method of popular construction. In the post-war years, the construction of the Right Gorlyk Canal and its Left Branch was completed. The pride of the whole country is the Kuban-Egorlyk watering and irrigation system built on the basis of the Nevinnomyssk canal, which made it possible to water 900 thousand hectares of land. It also provided water to the Rostov region and the Republic of Kalmykia. Kuban water brought life to the waterless Stavropol steppes and provided the opportunity for the further development of livestock farming, mainly fine-fleece sheep breeding, and the creation of a basis for the development of rice and vegetable growing.

The acute lack of water and the arid climate of the steppe regions in the southeast of Stavropol region necessitated the implementation of another grandiose project. Following the Kuban-Egorlyk watering and irrigation system, the Tersko-Kumsky Canal was built, which originates on the Terek River near the city of Mozdok. It discharges its waters into the Kuma River, and then the waters of the Terek, mixing with the waters of the Kuma, pass into the Kuma-Manych Canal, which fills the Chogray reservoir, the largest in the region. These two canals and the reservoir alone made it possible to irrigate an area of 2.7 million hectares. Their waters are used for watering and irrigation of the Nogai steppe, Primanychye and the Black Lands.

On the Kuma there is a powerful Otkaznenskoye reservoir, which not only regulates the river’s flow, but also reliably supplies a huge region with water.

To water and irrigate the central and north-eastern regions of Stavropol in the second half of the 20th century, three stages of the Great Stavropol Canal were built and construction of the fourth is ongoing. The channel gained all-Russian fame. The largest watering and irrigation system in the region operates in its zone. The canal begins from Kuban. It ends in the eastern regions of Stavropol, covering the valley between Kalaus, Manych and Kuma.

It can be said without exaggeration that the creation of powerful irrigation structures, a wide network of irrigation and water supply in the Stavropol Territory is one of the largest and most tangible achievements of Russia in the 20th century, convincing proof of the creative power of man. At the beginning of 2001, the length of all inter-farm canals in the Stavropol region was 3,361.16 kilometers, including 959 kilometers of lined canals. There were 6,788 different hydraulic structures, 885 bridges and crossings on the canals. 19 large watering and irrigation systems have been created on the basis of the canals of Stavropol. The suspended irrigation area in the Stavropol region is 366.6 thousand hectares, which is 9 percent of all arable land. 53 large reservoirs are filled with water from the canals.

Reservoirs

Only at the beginning of the twentieth century was the first large Kurganenskoye reservoir created in the Stavropol region. It has been in operation since 1928. Even today, more than 70 years later, the reservoir plays an important role in the water supply of irrigated lands. Its water is used to irrigate four districts of Stavropol. The irrigated area is 28,800 hectares. In terms of water reserves, it is among the largest reservoirs in the world with a volume of over one million cubic meters. Its total volume today is 11.75 million cubic meters.

The oldest reservoir in the North Caucasus is the Sovetskoye reservoir. It was put into operation in 1936. Its total volume is 7.9 million cubic meters. At the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, it plays an important role in fish farming and irrigation of lands of agricultural enterprises in the Kirov region.

Most of the reservoirs in the Stavropol region were created after the Great Patriotic War. Among them are Kurskoye (1948), Rostovanovskoye (1950), Egorlykskoye (1952), Novotroitskoye (1952), Volchie Vorota (1956), Sengileevskoye (1958), Otkaznenskoye (1965), Chograyskoye (1969), Ulyanovskoye (1973) , Stepnovskoe (1975), Dundinskoe (1985), Grushevskoe (1990), Gorkobalkovskoe (1991). Among the largest reservoirs in the world with a total volume of 100 million cubic meters or more are Egorlykskoye (111.4 million cubic meters), Gorkobalkovskoye (165 million cubic meters, under construction), Chograyskoye (720 million cubic meters) , Sengileevskoye (805 million cubic meters), Novotroitskoye (132 million cubic meters), Kubanskoye (650 million cubic meters).

During the design, construction and development of the operating regime of reservoirs in the Stavropol region in the twentieth century, the complex and multifaceted problem of water supply to cities and villages of the region was solved, in order to protect them from floods. The creation of reservoirs also made it possible to significantly increase the area of irrigated land due to more complete use of river flow, supplying water to fields in the right quantity in accordance with the optimal timing of irrigation. Large irrigation systems have been created in the region based on the water resources of reservoirs. The development of energy in the Stavropol region is also unthinkable without the creation of reservoirs. The water of canals and reservoirs rotates the turbines of the Svistukhinskaya, Sengileevskaya, Egorlykskaya, and Stavropolskaya hydroelectric power stations.

Most reservoirs are important for increasing local fisheries resources. Almost all reservoirs in the Stavropol region are used for sport fishing.

Many settlements, including the cities of the region, are located on the banks of large reservoirs. A large number of small and small reservoirs are located within or near populated areas. Therefore, they play an important role in the landscape and architectural appearance of settlements and in their improvement, and often they are created specifically for these purposes. They enrich the urban landscape, giving it a more diverse planning structure, landscape expressiveness and aesthetic value. An example is the Yegorlykskoye and Novotroitskoye reservoirs.

If you have time for a long fishing trip, you can go fishing in different places. Fishing in the Stavropol Territory is in great demand despite the time of year. Moreover, not only experienced fishermen prefer this area for fishing, beginners test their skills and gain experience. This is not surprising, because in this region there are many different places where you can go fishing and just relax.

But it is important to remember that during the spawning period some species of fish are prohibited from being caught, and the fisherman may be fined for this. Therefore, before you start catching, you need to find out what types of fish you can hunt during this period. In the reservoirs of the Stavropol Territory you can count on a catch from:

Sazana.
Pike perch.
Perch.
Soma.
Caucasian chub.
Crucian carp, roach.
North Caucasian gudgeon.
Motley and silver carp.
Tver barbel, ram.

Each type of fish must be caught with the appropriate bait and equipment. There are many fishing ponds in this area, but some of them are the most convenient, which means fishermen visit them more often. The most popular reservoirs of the Stavropol Territory:

Nogai;
Proletarskoe;
Egorlykskoe;
Otkaznitskoe;
Novotroitskoe.

You can fish on the Yegorlyk Reservoir using a boat or simply from the shore. The gear usually used is a spinning rod, bottom or float rod. Oscillating or rotating spoons are suitable as bait.

But you can fish in other bodies of water. Some rivers have specially equipped places for easy fishing. There are such places in Kum, Kuban, Terek, Podkumka, Egarlyk, Kalaus. It is on these rivers that you can fish conveniently, rather than looking for suitable places on an ordinary river. Here you can use different fishing rods, use different baits and fertilizers.

Of course, fishing Stavropol is famous for its Stavropol Canal. Here you can catch a wide variety of fish and enjoy the beautiful nature. And this despite the fact that there are no convenient places for fishing. On the Stavropol Canal you can catch wobblers, perch, bream, vibrotail, pike perch, and pike.

How to fish on the Stavropol Canal?

The most common fish in this channel is catfish. It is best to go hunting between July and August. During this period, you can catch large-sized catfish, and you won’t need any special skills to fish for it. Fishing can begin immediately after sunset. It is more convenient to fish from a boat, since catfish live at great depths at the very bottom; casting a fishing rod from the shore to such a depth is very problematic. You can catch catfish in winter using live bait and spoons. You can also catch carp in winter, but they are not so readily caught, and in order to catch a large specimen of carp you need to know its characteristics and choose the right place.

Reservoirs of the Stavropol Territory and Fishing

The Pravoegorlykskoye reservoir is located near the town of Izobilny and the village of Donskoye. This reservoir has clean, transparent water, which attracts a large number of tourists and fishermen. Pike perch and ram are caught here. Pike perch can be caught at a depth of 10-15 meters. To catch pike perch, you can use bait in the form of live bait.

Fishing will be more effective if you start it after sunset or in sunny, calm weather. Rams can be caught on corn or grain of wheat. To attract fish, you can use bait in the form of flour with the addition of aromatic oil. This fish is quite active and the bite is very powerful.

Fishing on the CMS can be done in a variety of ways. Depending on the type of fish, you can use different baits; predatory fish are often caught on fry, while others bite well on plant food.

Based on the time of year and other fishing conditions, in Stavropol it can occur with varying degrees of success. In the summer, you can successfully catch bream, pike perch and catfish. But in winter, these types of fish are not found so often, but you can count on fish that feed in winter, albeit not as actively as in summer.

You need to know that in the territory of the Kochubeevsky district it is prohibited to fish from a boat; fishing should only take place from the shore. Moreover, you can use only one fishing rod at a time, on the fishing line of which there is only one hook. A fisherman can catch fish weighing no more than 5 kilograms; if the fish weighs more, the fisherman is forced to pay a fine. To avoid catching very large fish, you need to use small hooks and baits.

But for connoisseurs of rarer species of fish, paid fishing is specially organized in the Stavropol Territory. For example, in the northern region of Stavropol there are several reservoirs that offer carp fishing. You can fish on the reservoir, but then reservoir employees weigh the catch and calculate the cost of the fish.

Carp can be caught with the simplest gear, which will consist of a simple rod, sliding or blind equipment, a float and a fishing line no more than 0.2 millimeters thick. It is also worthwhile to use bait when fishing. Bait is produced in summer and winter, but it should not be too rich, otherwise the fish will get full and will no longer bite.

Recreation centers

Now you can go to specially equipped recreation centers. The Stavropol Territory recreation center provides accommodation, additional gear rental and properly selected fishing spots. Such a recreation center will be interesting not only for fishermen, but also for the whole family, who can spend time in the fresh air. Before you go fishing, you can look at the weather forecast for fishing in the Stavropol Territory and then the fisherman will not be disturbed by prolonged rain or strong winds.

Taking into account all of the above features of the reservoirs of this area and using them correctly, fishing in the Stavropol Territory 2016 can be very productive and interesting. If one body of water does not bring a big catch, you should try fishing in other equally interesting bodies of water.

The lakes of the Stavropol Territory are few in number, but rich in luxurious fish. The location of the region in the watershed of the Caspian and Black Seas determines the modest number of lakes in the region. There are only 38 of them in the region. Moreover, many lakes are filled with salt water or overgrown with marshy plants. Despite this, the Stavropol Territory is able to boast the best varieties of commercial fish that can be caught with a regular fishing rod. Including the lakes of the Stavropol Territory, they are ready to offer fishing fans the opportunity to catch such unique varieties of fish as grass carp, carp, bream, and pike perch. It’s even easier to catch silver carp, ram or crucian carp. Only here it is easy to catch the commercial fish trout, which is comparable in quality only to salmon.

Today fishing in the Stavropol Territory is possible in almost every lake in the region. Including holiday homes and sanatoriums, ready to welcome lovers of “quiet hunting”, are located on the shores of lakes Lysy Liman, Kurskoye, Chograyskoye, Tambukanskoye, Manych-Gudilo. There are 58 reservoirs ready to welcome fishermen on the banks. When going fishing in the Stavropol Territory, you should pay attention that fishing in many lakes is prohibited from April 1 to the end of May, when commercial fish species go to spawn.

Map and list of lakes in the Stavropol Territory

Marked on the map lakes of the Stavropol region. Click on a lake to view its description, exact location, weather and more.