Brief history of the Czech Republic. Czech Republic Interested in last minute tours

The Czech Republic is a Slavic state in Central Europe. In its modern borders, 1993 took shape as a result of the so-called Velvet Divorce - the peaceful disintegration of the Federal Republic of Czechoslovakia into two states - western (Czech Republic) and eastern (Slovakia). The capital is Prague.

The main river artery of the country is the Vltava. The state borders Germany, Poland, Hungary, Austria and Slovakia. It has no access to the sea. Thanks to the large number of explored ore deposits - coal, iron, this area of ​​Europe has been the most industrially developed in all centuries. And even now it is one of the most politically stable countries in the European Union.

The area in the Vltava and Morava river basins has the most favorable natural conditions for life due to the fact that it is quite vast, but at the same time surrounded on all sides by mountains that protect it from harsh winds.

The climate is temperate continental - summers are cool and long, winters are mild and short. At the same time, the amount of snow falling in the mountains is sufficient for the operation of ski resorts.

The territory of the modern state has been inhabited since time immemorial.

1. Its first inhabitants were the Celts, then they were supplanted by West Slavic tribes, who founded the state of Great Moravia in the 10th century.
2. Since 1135, the kingdom under the name Bohemia became part of the Holy Roman Empire - the prototype of the European Union, and from 1806 to 1918 it was under the protectorate of Austria-Hungary. This greatly influenced its appearance; it is very similar to Germany, which was especially facilitated by the ruling elite. But at the level of common people, the Slavic mentality, language and way of life, including cuisine, have been preserved.

Imagine that there are only 25 cities in the country with a population of more than 40,000 people. In general, the population here is just over 10 million.

Having visited this country, you will see medieval knightly castles, Gothic cathedrals with sharp spiers, vast national parks with pristine nature. You can go skiing or improve your health at balneological resorts. Everywhere you will be surrounded by unchanging German order and truly Slavic hospitality and cordiality.

The country is beautiful both in winter and summer. However, from now on you will have more opportunities to get to know the country. After all, in winter some of the ancient castles are closed, as are the tourist routes in national parks.

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Cities that blow tourists' minds

It is a densely populated country with a predominantly urban population. Traveling between the main urban agglomerations, you can explore it all along the way. After all, by Russian standards, it is tiny - from Prague to the northern border is 90 kilometers, and to the southern border - 180.

Prague

Capital of the state. Located in the center of the historical region of Bohemia, on the banks of the Vltava River. It was first mentioned in chronicles of the 6th century. In the Middle Ages it competed with Paris for the title of capital of Europe. The list of its attractions is very wide; often the entire trip can be limited to getting to know Prague.

You should definitely see Prague Castle - the historical center and the largest castle in the world. This is a complex of defensive structures, temples and administrative buildings - it houses the residence of the President of the Republic. Its architectural dominant is St. Vitus Cathedral - a pearl of European Gothic architecture, which began to be built in 1344. The center of the old town is the Old Town Square - a great place for a walk at any time of the year.

The hallmark of Prague is the 520-meter-long Charles Bridge, which connects the banks of the Vltava, as well as the Old Town and the Small Prague Castle. Construction began on it in 1347. Now it has been turned into a pedestrian zone. Souvenirs are sold there, artists work there, and amateur musicians perform.

Ceske Budejovice

A large administrative center (the capital of the South Bohemian Region) and a transport hub 140 kilometers south of Prague. Founded in 1265 at the confluence of the Vltava and Malše rivers. The historical center of the city has the appearance of a classic European city of the 18th century.

One tower, the Iron Maiden, and part of the fortress wall have survived from the medieval fortifications. The symbol of the city is the Black Tower in the central square, decorated with the Samson fountain in the Baroque style. The writer Jaroslav Hasek lived there.

The city can be part of the so-called beer tour of the country, because it produces beer from the famous Budweiser brand. The decoration of this place is the snow-white Hluboka Castle. It is located five kilometers north, on a high cliff. The beginning of its construction dates back to the middle of the 13th century, but as a result of multiple reconstructions, it looks like a royal castle from the fairy tale “Cinderella”.

Things to do

• Tripster - craft beer tours from locals.
• Sputnik and Wheatlas - excursions from professional guides.

Czech krumlov

A monument city in the south of the country, one hundred and seventy kilometers from Prague. Its historical center, which has preserved its appearance since the 18th century, is classified by UNESCO as a world historical heritage site. The first chronicle mention of it dates back to 1240.

Krumlov Castle, built on a rocky promontory washed by the Vltava River, the second largest in the country. Its area is 10 hectares. It was built from the 14th to the 18th centuries and organically combines two styles - Gothic and Baroque. Its special attraction is the Cloak Bridge. This is a three-story gallery connecting the residential part of the castle with the theater - a unique structure, the stage of which surrounds a rotating auditorium. All mechanisms have been preserved since 1766.

Pilsen

The country is famous for its beer, and this city is considered its beer capital. Pilsner has been brewed there since its founding. It is located 70 kilometers southwest of Prague. Founded in 1295, but unique in that it was never a fortified city. It was built according to a single plan, all the streets of its historical center intersect at right angles. The city square is the largest in Western Europe.

The prefix “most” refers to many buildings in the city. For example, the spire of the Gothic Cathedral of St. Bartholomew has a height of 102 meters. There are no such people even in Prague. There is an observation deck on the cathedral tower. But no less interesting is the Pilsen Dungeon, open for inspection from to. This is a medieval labyrinth of corridors and cellars with a length of 19 kilometers.

The city has a brewing museum, as well as many beer bars and cafes. Don't forget to visit the Pilsen Zoo. It is huge - 20 hectares. Animals there roam in enclosures that look more like parks. All kinds of animals from all over the world are represented.

Kutna Hora

It is located 70 kilometers east of Prague. Founded in the 13th century, it was the center of silver mining in Europe. The town is small - today the population is 20 thousand people, but very cozy and beautiful. Its main attraction is the Gothic Cathedral of St. Barbara, the construction of which took a century and a half and ended in 1547. Next to it is the Silversmith Museum. On the same topic, you can visit an ancient silver mine.

The city center has been classified by UNESCO as a world historical heritage site; a walk through it will be interesting and memorable. But the special feature of the city is the so-called Ossuary in Sedlec (one of its districts). This is a Gothic cathedral built on the site of a cemetery. It is “decorated” with human bones removed from burials to free up space. The spectacle is surreal, it is not intended for the faint of heart.

Telc

A museum city in the east in the historical region of Moravia. Located 150 km southeast of Prague. It was first mentioned in chronicles in 1333, when Margrave Charles of Luxembourg bought Telc Castle. However, the settlement was founded back in 1099. The entire historical center of the city is built up with authentic three-story houses of the 16th century, preserved unchanged. Therefore, it is classified by UNESCO as a historical heritage site. It is surrounded by canals and reservoirs, for which it is called the Moravian Venice. It is interesting to look at the castle built in the 16th century. This is one of the most visited places by tourists in the Czech region of Vysočina.

If you suddenly want to go to nature

Despite the high population density and developed industry, there are still many corners of pristine nature left in the country, visiting which is no less interesting than seeing historical artifacts.

Czech Switzerland

The reserve is 70 kilometers north of Prague, on the border with Saxony (the second part of the park is called Saxon Switzerland). In this place, high hills made of sandstone formed an amazingly beautiful relief. Its highest point is the Dechinsky snowfield; its height does not reach the mountains, but is impressive - 733 meters. Numerous canyons, bizarrely shaped rocks. Such as the Pravchitsky Gate - a natural arch 16 meters high and 26 meters long.

Man-made ones are also hidden among natural beauties. For example, the rock castle Schaunstein, called “Robber Castle”. All that remains of the defensive structures are ruins, and they still need to be reached along narrow paths. The efforts will pay off with stunning views of forested mountain slopes. The administrative center of the park is the village of Grzhensk. There you can relax and have a tasty snack; the tourist infrastructure is well developed.

Local Grand Canyon

Just a few kilometers from Prague, near the village of Morina, there is a man-made object similar in beauty to the Ruskeala Park in Karelia. Only this place is not where marble is mined, but limestone. A picturesque quarry 800 meters long and 100 meters deep. At its bottom is a picturesque lake. Filming location for the movie Lemonade Joe. Locals call it Velka America and this place is visited by many tourists. It complements another local attraction - Karlštejn Castle.

Karlštejn is a Gothic castle built in the 16th century, 28 kilometers southwest of Prague. This is a royal residence. In addition, the treasures of the Holy Roman Empire were kept there. A classic defensive structure on a high cliff. The high quadrangular donjon tower stands out from the complex of buildings. One of the most popular tourist sites, second in importance and attendance after Prague Castle. You can read a detailed review of visiting the castle at.

The peak of the season occurs at the end of May and the beginning, when Prague is buried in flowers. The tourist flow dries up somewhat in September, but by the end of December, during the Christmas holidays, bustle and carnivals begin again, lasting until the first days of the new year. A trip to this country is interesting at any time of the year. You can go to Prague on a weekend, but to get the full experience, it’s better to spend at least three days on your trip.

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Parliamentary republic The president
Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus
Ian Fisher Territory
Total
% water surface 114th in the world
78,866 km²
2 Population
Total ()
Density 79th in the world
10,403,100 people
129 people/km² GDP
Total()
Per capita 41st in the world
211.698 billion
20 606 Currency Czech crown
(CZK code 203) Internet domain Telephone code +420 Timezone UTC +1

Story

The Czech lands have been known since the end of the 9th century, when they were united by the Přemyslids. The Kingdom of Bohemia had considerable power, but religious conflicts (the Hussite Wars in the 15th century and the Thirty Years' War in the 17th century) devastated it. It later came under the influence of the Habsburgs and became part of Austria-Hungary.

Following the collapse of this state after World War I, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Subcarpathian Ruthenia united to form the independent Republic of Czechoslovakia in 1918. The country had a large enough ethnic German minority that it was the reason for the dissolution of Czechoslovakia when Germany achieved annexation of the Sudetenland as a result of the 1938 Munich Agreement, leading to the secession of Slovakia. The remaining Czech state was occupied by Germany in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

Sights of the Czech Republic

Main article: Sights of the Czech Republic

Political structure

Main article: Political structure of the Czech Republic

According to the Constitution, the Czech Republic is a parliamentary democracy. The head of state (president) is indirectly elected every five years by parliament. The President is given special powers: to nominate judges for the Constitutional Court, to dissolve parliament under certain conditions, and to veto laws. He also appoints the Prime Minister, who sets the direction of domestic and foreign policy, as well as other members of the government cabinet on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.

Among all post-communist states, the Czech Republic has one of the most stable and successful economic systems. Its basis is industry (mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and electronics, chemistry, food industry and ferrous metallurgy) and the service sector. The share of agriculture, forestry, and mining is insignificant and continues to decline.

The monetary unit of the Czech Republic is the crown (1 crown = 100 hellers), which has been fully convertible since 1995. Unlike almost all other post-communist countries, the Czech Republic managed to avoid hyperinflation and sharp devaluations of the national currency. After some weakening of the crown in the late 90s. To date, its exchange rate relative to major world currencies has increased significantly.

Following the initial difficulties caused by the collapse of the CMEA, the division of the country and the change in the structure of the economy, and the subsequent growth of the Czech economy in 1997-1998. experienced a certain crisis, from which it began to emerge only from mid-1999. Its result was an increase in foreign debt and a jump in unemployment. The crisis was overcome by increasing exports to market economy countries, primarily the European Union (and within its framework, Germany), attracting foreign investment and increasing domestic consumption. After joining the EU in May 2004, the Czech Republic's economic growth accelerated noticeably and, despite the largely populist economic policies of several Social Democratic governments, reached 6-7% per year. The share of industry in GDP, which reached 62% by 1990, having initially decreased by half, is currently growing and reaches 38%, which is quite a rare phenomenon among developed countries. Ferrous metallurgy and the military industry have lost their importance at the expense of the automotive and electrical industries, thanks to the development of which the Czech Republic has had a positive foreign trade balance since 2004, despite the rapid rise in prices for imported energy resources (oil and gas). In terms of foreign trade per capita, the country is one of the leaders, ahead of countries such as Japan, Great Britain, France or Italy.

Population

The building of the Consulate General in St. Petersburg

The bulk of the population of the Czech Republic (95%) is made up of ethnic Czechs and speakers of the Czech language, which belongs to the group of West Slavic languages. Foreigners make up about 4% of the country's population. Among immigrants, the largest diaspora in the Czech Republic are Ukrainians, of whom 126,500 lived in the country at the end of 2007. In second place are Slovaks (67,880), many of whom remained in the Czech Republic after the division in 1993 and make up approximately 2% of the population. In third are citizens of Vietnam (51,000). They are followed by citizens of Russia (23,300) and Poland (20,600). Other ethnic groups include Germans, Roma, Hungarians and Jews. The border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia is open to citizens of the former Czechoslovakia.

By language, the Czechs belong to the West Slavic peoples. The early works of Czech writing of the 13th-14th centuries were based on the language of central Bohemia. But as the influence of the Catholic Church, German feudal lords and the urban patriciate increased in the country, the Czech language began to be oppressed in favor of the German and Latin languages. But during the Hussite wars, literacy and the literary Czech language became widespread among the masses. Then came the two-century decline of Czech culture under the rule of the Habsburgs, who pursued a policy of Germanization of the subject Slavic peoples (by the middle of the 19th century, 15% of the population spoke Czech; the possibility of taking one of the Slavic languages, in particular the Russian literary language, was considered as a literary language). The Czech language began to revive only at the end of the 18th century; its basis was the literary language of the 16th century, which explains the presence of many archaisms in the modern Czech language, in contrast to the living spoken language. The spoken language is divided into several groups of dialects: Czech, Middle Moravian and East Moravian.

The Czech Republic is one of the most densely populated countries. The average population density is 130 people. per 1 sq. km. The distribution of the population on the territory of the republic is relatively even. The most densely populated areas are the areas of large urban agglomerations - Prague, Brno, Ostrava, Pilsen (up to 250 people per 1 sq. km). The areas of Cesky Krumlov and Prachatice have the lowest population density (about 37 people per 1 sq. km). As of 1991, there were 5,479 settlements in the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic is a highly urbanized country: about 71% of the population lives in cities and towns, while more than 50% live in cities with a population of over 20 thousand inhabitants; the share of the rural population continues to decline. The only metropolis in the Czech Republic is Prague, which has a permanent population of 1,188 thousand inhabitants (as of December 31, 2006; the population of Prague has been slowly decreasing since 1985). As of 2006, in the Czech Republic there are 5 cities with a population of more than 100,000 inhabitants (Prague, Brno, Ostrava, Pilsen, Olomouc), 17 cities with a population of more than 50,000 inhabitants and 44 with more than 20,000 inhabitants.

The total population of the Czech Republic, having reached a post-war maximum in 1991 - 10,302 thousand people - subsequently slowly decreased until 2003, when it amounted to just over 10,200 thousand people, but since then there has been a slight increase to 10,280 thousand .people - mainly due to an increase in the flow of migrants (primarily from Ukraine, Slovakia, Vietnam, Russia, Poland and the countries of former Yugoslavia). Natural population growth was negative in the period 1994-2005; in 2006, some positive growth was observed due to an increase in the birth rate and a decrease in mortality. At the same time, the level of female fertility is still deeply insufficient for population reproduction (about 1.2 children per 1 woman of reproductive age). In recent years, the Czech Republic has become one of the countries with the lowest infant mortality rate (less than 4 people per 1000 births). Since 1990, the Czech Republic has seen a constant decrease in the number of abortions and cases of induced termination of pregnancy.

The majority of the population - 71.2% - is of productive age (from 15 to 65 years), while 14.4% of Czech citizens are under 15 years of age, and 14.5% are over 65 years of age. At the productive age, the number of men slightly exceeds the number of women, but in the post-productive age women significantly predominate (there is one man for every two women). The average age of the Czech population is 39.3 years (women - 41.1 years, men - 37.5 years). Average life expectancy is 72.9 years for men and 79.7 years for women (as of 2006).

Most of the adult population is married, although the proportion of unmarried people is relatively high: one in five men and one in eight women are unmarried. Currently, men get married at 28 years old, women at 26 years old, which is approaching the European trend (for comparison: in 1993 these figures were 23 and 19 years old, respectively). The first child appears in a family most often 6 months after the wedding. Czech families are characterized by a high divorce rate. Currently, almost every second marriage ends in divorce, resulting in almost 80% of all children under the age of 15 living in single-parent families. The average family size has decreased over the past 30 years from 3.5 to 2.2 people.

The economically active population makes up 51.5% of the total. A specific feature of the Czech Republic among other countries is the high level of employment of women, who make up about 48% of the total economically active population. Most women work in service sectors - healthcare, education, trade and public catering. Most women work out of economic necessity in order to maintain the family's standard of living. The unemployment rate is 7.3% (November 2006), which is higher than in 1990-1997. (3-5%), but noticeably less than in 1999-2004. (up to 10.5%).

A significant part of Czechs live outside the Czech Republic - in Austria, Germany, the USA, Canada, Australia and other countries. This is the result of economic migration in search of work, which took on noticeable proportions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and political emigration after the political coup of 1948 and the occupation of 1968.

Illiteracy in the Czech Republic is practically non-existent (occasionally found among older Roma people). A high level of literacy was typical for Czechs even during the First Republic (1918-1938): at that time, about 95% of all residents had a basic education. In recent years, the level of education has increased significantly. Every third economically active resident of the Czech Republic has completed secondary education (corresponding to the level of 12-13 years of education), and every tenth citizen of the Czech Republic has or is receiving higher education. The typical worker has at least intermediate vocational training. The high qualifications of Czech workers is one of the main advantages of the Czech economy. So far, the country lags behind the most developed European countries in terms of the share of the population with completed secondary and higher education.

Culture

Orlik Castle

Main article: Czech culture

• Famous people of the Czech Republic
• Music of the Czech Republic
• Cinema of the Czech Republic
• Literature of the Czech Republic

Humanitarian organizations

Czech Red Cross(Czech: Český červený kříž, English: Czech Red Cross)

The Czech Red Cross (CRC) is a humanitarian organization operating throughout the Czech Republic. In its activities, the ChKK focuses on humanitarian issues and the provision of medical and social assistance to the population.

Currently, the number of CHKK members reaches 70,381 people working in 1,712 local organizations.

The Czech Red Cross is the only internationally recognized National Red Cross Society in the Czech Republic that is recognized by the state. In accordance with the Geneva Conventions, the CHKK provides assistance and support to the medical services of the armed forces.

The status of the CCK and its objectives are regulated by the Law on the Protection of the Emblem and Name of the Czech Red Cross and on the Czechoslovak Red Cross (Act No. 126/1992).

On August 26, 1993, the CCRC was recognized by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and on October 25, 1993, accepted as a member of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC).

The Czech Red Cross continues the activities of its predecessors - the Patriotic Society for Aid of the Czechoslovak Kingdom (founded on September 5, 1868) and the Czechoslovak Red Cross Cross (founded February 6, 1919).

As an independent organization of the Czechoslovak Red Cross, after the division of the Czechoslovak Red Cross, it was registered by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Czech Republic on June 10, 1993 (Ministerstvo vnitra ČR dne 10. 6. 1993 pod čj. VS/1-20998/93-R)

Notes

Links

Information

• Official portal of the Czech Republic (Russian) (Czech) (English) (German) (French) (Spanish)
• Official portal of the Government of the Czech Republic (Czech)
• Official website of the President of the Czech Republic (Czech) (English)
• Official website of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic (Czech) (English)
• Official website of the Senate of the Czech Republic (Czech) (English)
• Train and bus timetables (Czech) (English) (German)
• Embassy of the Czech Republic in Moscow (Russian) (English)

Czech Republic - the most detailed information about the country with photos. Sights, cities of the Czech Republic, climate, geography, population and culture.

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is a small state in Central Europe. This is one of the most distinctive and attractive countries of the European Union for tourists with a rich history, many interesting sights, castles and cultural monuments. The Czech Republic borders on Poland in the north, Germany in the west and northwest, Slovakia in the east, and Austria in the south. It is a parliamentary republic. The official language is Czech.

What comes to mind when we talk about the Czech Republic? These are the Gothic spiers of Prague and Prague streets, this is the ancient Charles Bridge across the Vltava, these are hundreds of castles and churches in cozy old towns, this is excellent beer and delicious food. All this is true, but there is something more. The Czech Republic is an atmosphere of calm and silence, the cordiality and unhurriedness of the local residents, the pace of life, beautiful natural landscapes: leisurely rivers, fields and picturesque wooded hills. Interestingly, the country is also one of the safest in Europe and has one of the lowest levels of corruption.

The country is located almost in the center of the former Austria-Hungary - in the past it was one of the largest and most powerful states in Europe. The Czech Republic occupies the historical regions of Moravia, Bohemia and part of Silesia. The turbulent past has left a colossal historical legacy, and low prices for food and hotels make the Czech Republic one of the cheapest countries in Europe for tourists.

Helpful information

1. The official language is Czech.
2. Currency - Czech crown.
3. Visa - Schengen.
4. The capital is Prague.
5. Population - 10.5 million people.
6. Area - 78.9 thousand square meters. km
7. The standard of living is high.
8. In the Czech Republic, Central European time is UTC +1.
9. Driving in the Czech Republic is on the right. The speed limit in populated areas is 50 km, outside the city - 90 km, on highways - 130 km. When driving on motorways, you need to buy a vignette. The consumption of alcohol by drivers is strictly prohibited. Car headlights must always be on. From November to the end of March, all cars must be driven on winter tires.
10. High season - May, July, August. Low - January, February.
11. Stores are open from 9.00 to 17.00 on weekdays. In large cities, shops are open until 20.00 and even on weekends. Shopping centers and large supermarkets are open from 9.00 to 21.00. Museums and attractions are often closed on Sundays.
12. The kitchen in restaurants and cafes is usually open until 21.00 - 22.00. Tips are not included in the bill and amount to 5-10% of the bill.

Geography and nature

Despite its small size, the Czech Republic is a geographically diverse country. Here you can find mountains and hills covered with forests, fields and plains. The country is landlocked. The western and eastern parts are mostly hilly and mountainous. The central one is predominantly hilly plain. The highest peak is Mount Snezka (1602 m).

Several fairly large rivers flow through the territory of the Czech Republic - the Vltava, Odra, Laba, Morava. The nature of the Czech Republic is very picturesque - hills and low mountains covered with deciduous and coniferous forests interspersed with agricultural land. Castles and fortresses rise on high hills and cliffs - a legacy of the past. Roe deer and deer graze in the fields, running away as soon as you stop.

Best time to visit

The Czech Republic can be visited all year round. The most comfortable time is from May to September. Atmospheric in the Czech Republic during the Christmas holidays. The low season lasts from January to March.

Climate

The climate of the Czech Republic is moderate, with warm but not hot summers and fairly mild winters. The four seasons are clearly defined. Spring is cool with an average temperature of 8-12 degrees. Precipitation is 150-200 mm. Summer is warm with a fairly comfortable temperature of 15-20 degrees. Hot weather doesn't happen often. But it gets cold often. Therefore, when visiting the Czech Republic in summer, we recommend taking light jackets with you. The most precipitation falls in summer. Autumn is quite warm with an average temperature of about 10 degrees. Winter lasts from December to February. The temperature is kept around zero degrees. There are both thaws and frosts.

Winter in the mountains of the Czech Republic

Story

The historical name of the Czech Republic is Bohemia. This territory includes several historical regions - Bohemia, Moravia and part of Silesia.

Human settlements on the territory of the Czech Republic existed back in the Stone Age. At the beginning of our era, Germanic tribes lived here. The Slavs came to these lands in the 6th century. There is a well-known legend about three Slavic brother leaders - Ruse, Lyakh and Czech. Each of them became the founder of the people. Although the etymology of the name of the country and people still causes controversy among scientists.

The unification of the Czech Slavs and the creation of the Czech state dates back to the 9-10th century. Initially the center was Budec. In the 10th century, the center of the state moved towards modern Prague. At this time, the Vysehrad fortress and Prague Castle were founded. Czechs were baptized in the 9th century.

The Czech Principality gained independence under the first Přemyslids. From the 11th to the 14th centuries, the Czech Republic was under the rule of the Frankish emperors. In 1241, the united Czech army successfully repelled the Mongol invasion.

The main flourishing of the Czech Republic and Prague in the Middle Ages occurred during the time of the legendary King Charles IV. Karl not only expanded the Czech lands, but also developed agriculture and winemaking, began construction of the famous bridge over the Vltava in Prague, founded the University, Karlstejn Castle, St. Vita. Charles also issued a law on succession to the throne - when the eldest son inherits the throne. A woman can become head of state only if there are no male descendants.

The development of the Czech Republic was suspended in the 15th century. This process and loss of independence was provoked by the Hussite movement, which arose at the beginning of the 15th century. Despite the fact that Jan Hus (one of their leaders) was burned as a heretic, the Hussite War broke out. After it, first came the time of monarchless rule. Later, the Czech state lost its independence and became part of the Habsburg possessions. The Czech Republic remained under their control until 1918.

After the end of the First World War, the country gained independence. A new state is formed - Czechoslovakia. Masaryk becomes the first president. Czechoslovakia existed until 1993.

In 1939, the country was occupied by German troops. Liberated in 1945 by the Red Army. After the war, the Czech Republic was part of the socialist camp under the influence of the USSR.

In 1989, after the Velvet Revolution, Soviet troops left the Czech Republic. In 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully split into two independent states. Since 1999, the Czech Republic has joined NATO, and since 2004 - the EU.

Administrative division

The Czech Republic consists of a capital and 13 regions. The regions are divided into districts (okres) and statutory cities (district centers).

• Central Bohemia - includes the capital - Prague, Kutna Hora.
• Western Bohemia (Pilsen and) is a wooded and mountainous area, picturesque nature, resorts and excellent beer.
• Northern Bohemia (Liberec and Ústí nad Labem) is a mountainous and industrial region.
• Eastern Bohemia (Hradec Králové and Pardubice) - the Krkonose mountain range and the highest peak in the Czech Republic - Mount Snezka.
• Southern Bohemia (Ceske Budejovice) - hills and forests, the upper reaches of the Vltava.
• North Moravia (Ostrava and) is an industrial region. Although you can find beautiful nature and interesting sights here.
• South Moravia (Brno) - hills and forests, agricultural land and wine production. These are the warmest regions of the Czech Republic.

Population

The population of the Czech Republic is more than 10 million people. Considering the area of ​​the country, it can be classified as densely populated. About 95% of the population are ethnic Czechs. Large diasporas are Ukrainians, Russians, Slovaks, Vietnamese, Germans.

The official language is Czech, which belongs to the West Slavic group of languages. Czechs can easily understand Slovaks and vice versa. Also, the Czech language has common roots and words with other Slavic languages ​​- Russian, Polish, Ukrainian. The Czech language has a large number of colorful words: lepidlo - glue, letushka - flight attendant, letadlo - airplane. The stress is almost always on the first syllable.

The Czechs themselves are calm, welcoming, polite people. They respect traditions, are reasonable and unhurried.

Transport

Located almost in the center of Europe, the Czech Republic has good transport accessibility.

International airports are located in Prague (the largest in the country), Brno, Ostrava, Karlovy Vary and Pardubice.

The main means of transportation around the country are trains, buses and cars. It is worth noting that the condition and quality of roads in the Czech Republic lags behind neighboring Austria and Germany. Although the country has highways that connect major cities and neighboring countries and pass near Prague, Pilsen, Brno and Ostrava.

Accommodation

Accommodation in the Czech Republic is much cheaper than, for example, in Germany and Austria. A double room in a three-star hotel with breakfast can be found for 30-50 euros even in Prague. Of course, it all depends on the location of the hotel (logically, the closer to the center, the more expensive), season, etc. Large cities usually have a wide range of accommodation options, from hostels to luxury hotels. It is better to take care of accommodation in high season in advance. Rooms in Czech hotels are usually quite clean and very simple.

Kitchen

Czech cuisine is very high in calories. Traditional dishes: voles (various soups), chesnechka (garlic soup), boar's knee (pork), meat dishes (mainly pork, beef, chicken, duck) with dumplings, fish dishes (carp), fried cheese (Hermelin), seasonal vegetables (greens), potatoes (bramborak) and, of course, beer. In restaurants, food is usually prepared until 21.00-22.00. Tips are not included in the bill. If you liked the food and service, you can leave 5-10% of the bill.

Beer is the special pride of the Czech Republic and its main drink. It is one of the best in the world here. At the same time, beer is often the cheapest drink and often cheaper than Coca-Cola. Beer brands such as Krusovice, Budweiser, Pilsner, Radegast, Bernard, Gambrinus are brewed here. There are also a huge number of small breweries. Beer is usually differentiated into light (light) and dark (tmave). Dark beer has a richer taste.

Cities of the Czech Republic

The most popular and beautiful city in the Czech Republic is the capital - Prague. It is often called the “city of a hundred spiers” and “golden”. Prague is located almost in the center of the Czech Republic. It is the largest city in the country. The historical center of the city is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and such sights as Charles Bridge, Prague Castle, Old Town Square and Tyn Temple, Vysehrad are real symbols of the country.

Brno

Second in importance and size is the capital of Moravia - Brno, which has a compact and beautiful old town and has long competed with Prague economically and culturally.

Nearby is the student town of Olomouc, which is often called “little Prague”. The city has wonderful architecture and many interesting sights (one of them is included in the UNESCO list).

To the north is the industrial capital of the Czech Republic and one of its largest cities - Ostrava.

Not far from Prague is the small town of Kutná Hora with several famous attractions (ossuary, St. Barbara's Cathedral).

In the west, the famous Czech resort Karlovy Vary stands out. And in the northwest is Liberec.

The main city in the south is České Budejovice, with a wonderful old center. Not far from it is one of the most beautiful towns in the Czech Republic, the old town of which is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Sights of the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is a country rich in sights and monuments of history and culture. Despite their turbulent past, the Czechs managed to preserve their historical heritage.

Listing the interesting sights of the Czech Republic could take a whole book, so we will limit ourselves to the most iconic ones.

In Prague, the most famous landmarks are Charles Bridge, Prague Castle, Old Town Square and Vysehrad.

In Kutna Hora, UNESCO sites: the beautiful Gothic Cathedral of St. Barbarians and the gloomy Ossuary.

In Olomouc - this is one of the most significant monuments of the Czech Baroque, the Column of the Holy Trinity.

One big attraction is the town of Cesky Krumlov in the south of the Czech Republic.

Among the natural beauties, the Bohemian Paradise Nature Reserve, the Krkonose and Šumava National Park, and the Macocha Gorge occupy a prominent place.

There are many beautiful castles on the territory of Chekhov. Here, almost every ancient town has mighty fortresses or romantic ruins. Many castles are well preserved and can tell us a lot about the history and culture of the past.

• Prague Castle
• Karlstein
• Pernstein
• Loket
• Hluboka nad Vltavou
• Blatna
• Bouzov
• Orlik nad Vltavou
• Zvikov
• Kokorzhin
• Křivoklat
• Miller
• Mikulov

Czech Republic- a state in the center of Europe with a simply crazy concentration of attractions per square kilometer in the literal sense of the word.The country borders on Germany, Austria, Slovakia, and Poland. Territory Czech Republic is divided into three regions: Bohemia (west), Silesia (northeast), Moravia (east).

Tourist Czech Republic

The most interesting cities in the Czech Republic
Prague- the capital of the Czech Republic, the most beautiful and romantic city in Europe.
Brno- the largest settlement in the eastern region Czech Republic(Moravia).
Krumlov- one of the oldest Czech cities, where the castle of the same name is located.
Opava- the most important city Czech Republic with a high concentration of historical values. It is located almost on the border with Poland.
Karlovy Vary- the highest concentration of health resorts, historical attractions and simply beautiful cobbled streets with colorful houses.
Jesenik- a well-known winter resort town.
Kutna Hora- historical value Czech Republic, where the Cathedral of St. Barbara is located, silver mines and many other interesting structures.
Pilsen- the largest city in the west of the country, the birthplace of the most famous foamy drink in Russia and not only Pilsner Urquell.

Useful information for tourists:
- tips in restaurants, taxi drivers and guides are 10% of the check amount
- museums and attractions where admission is not free are closed on Mondays and the day after holidays
- sale of entrance tickets to the museum ends one hour before the museum closes. Almost all museum complexes operate from nine in the morning until six in the evening. Opening hours of the Jewish Museum, located in Prague, are from Sunday to Friday. Saturday is a day off.
- V Czech Republic Smoking is prohibited at public transport stops, as well as in the premises of educational institutions and public institutions. For violating this prohibition the fine is 1000 CZK
- emergency numbers: fire safety service - 150; medical assistance - 155; police - 156
- There are a lot of ticks in the country - carriers of borreliosis and encephalitis. Local residents try to vaccinate themselves and their loved ones in the spring, and tourists should be extremely careful, choose paved sidewalk paths for walks and avoid lawns and walking on tall grass.
- Czech- a country where it is legal to carry drugs, but in limited quantities
- if you don’t know Czech or English, you can try to communicate with local residents in Russian; most old-timers remember the language perfectly and can speak it fluently with tourists from Russia.

"Mobile" communication in the Czech Republic
IN Czech Republic You can purchase a SIM card from the Vodafone mobile operator. The cost of a SIM card is 200 CZK, which is credited directly to your account (the so-called conversation credit). You can purchase a SIM card in Prague in close proximity to Wenceslas Square. Calls to Russia should be as follows: +7, then the codecity, then the subscriber number. IN Czech Republic call code +420. To top up your account, Trafika kiosks are installed in Prague. The nearest such kiosk is located near Wenceslas Square at the Mustek metro station.

Currency transactions in the Czech Republic
The country, which is part of the EU, has its own currency - the Czech crown. The exchange rate for each bank is different. BUT! You should not be fooled by an attractive exchange rate - most private exchangers set a commission fee for currency exchange, often up to ten percent of the exchange amount. Usually the commission is indicated on the stand, but it can be written in very small letters, which you cannot immediately understand, and when the exchange has taken place, it will be very difficult to get the money back. Many exchangers employ not Czechs, but people of Asian appearance. Therefore, when you come to the bank, you should first ask about the commission and its percentage. You can exchange currency in any hotel, even a three-star one, although the exchange rate is not very favorable. Exchange offices also operate at railway stations and at the airport.In Prague, you can exchange currency at souvenir sellers. Usually, guides know good “currency traders” who will not deceive you and will exchange without any commissions.

Czech traditions and holidays
The formation of the culture of this wonderful country took place over several centuries. The traditions of neighboring countries also actively influenced it. Czech Republic countries
The hospitality of the local residents is amazing. Moreover, this is not a feigned quality, a desire to show oneself from the best side. The Czechs are really very friendly, hospitable, constantly smiling and try to help every tourist who contacts them. Many old-timers still remember the Russian language, so it will be easy for a tourist who does not know Czech or English to communicate with a local resident whose age is 45+. Young people, young and old, have a good command of English, so when going on a tour Czech Republic You can take an English-Russian phrasebook with you. In general, the Czech language is not that difficult - before the trip, to replenish your vocabulary, you can learn a couple of frequently used phrases in order to feel comfortable and respond with your own courtesy to the courtesy of the locals.
IN Czech Republic love to celebrate holidays. Moreover, it does not matter at all whether we are talking about a religious event (Catholic or Orthodox) or a secular one.Here's what you really should visit when you're in Czech Republic, so this is a local wedding, taking place according to all Czech traditions. Impressive and incredible action!
The Czechs have a special attitude towards national holidays - they not only honor them, but also celebrate them according to all traditions and rules. December is one of the busiest months of the year, celebrating St. Barbara's Day (the fourth of December), St. Nicholas Day, Christmas Eve, and Christmas.
IN Saint Barbara's Day local residents cut a sprig of rowan and place it in the water. If the branch blooms by Christmas, then next year will be successful for the family.
St. Nicolas day - this is like International Children's Day, celebrated around the world on June 1, only in Czech. On this day, children's events, matinees, concerts and competitions are held throughout the country.
Christmas Traditions
Christmas without carp is not Christmas. This is precisely the opinion of the Czechs, who cannot imagine a holiday without carp in any form of preparation. The fish is stewedbaked, stuffed, fried, made aspic. Generally in Czech Republic more than a dozen dishes led by carp. It is believed that every self-respecting housewife must cook this fish for Christmas.
An interesting fact: on the eve of the Catholic holiday, stores begin actively selling well-fed, well-fed, and selected carp. But he swims in aquariums, barrels, mini-pools, bathtubs right on the street near the entrance to the store. Moreover, the containers with water and fish are not fenced in any way - you can touch, look, and get the fish. For many Russian tourists, a fish left unattended and without proper control causes at least surprise and a logical question: “Are they really stealing it?” Let's explain. No. They don't steal. Local residents would never even think of stealing. They have it built into their upbringing and mentality. By the way, many shopping centers have self-service terminals for paying for purchased goods. This is done so that people do not stand idle at the cash registers, but can independently scan the cost of the goods and pay for them. We asked the security service a logical question: “What if they don’t pay for all the goods?” The security responded with a smile: “We trust our customers.” That's it!

How to get to Prague from Moscow

Get to Czech Republic If you have Schengen, it won’t be difficult. The country is located on the mainland, not fenced off by seas and oceans, so you can safely travel by car, especially when it comes to residents of Moscow, the Moscow region and other non-remote regions.
By personal vehicle
You can give yourself a lot of pleasure and go to Czech Republic by personal car. The distance from Moscow to Prague is about 1600 kilometers.
By plane
If the principle “quickly and comfortably” applies, then it is optimal to choose an air flight. Fly to Prague (the capital Czech Republic) you can get from Moscow in just over two hours. The flight is organized by several airlines: Aeroflot, Czech Airlines. Every day from Moscow these airlines operate up to six flights to Prague and back.
On average, the cost of a ticket during the “peak” season is 9,000 rubles on a direct flight from Moscow to Prague. If you choose the option with a transfer, you can get 1,400 rubles as a “bonus”. The only caveat is the increased flight time (minimum - 4 hours, maximum - 19 hours). Therefore, if you want to get to Prague quickly, then the best option would be a direct flight to Prague from Moscow.
The cheapest tickets can be bought in February, June and July.

Transport in the Czech Republic

City transport links
Municipal transport links in the Czech Republic are very well developed, function smoothly and are in high demand among local residents. For travel on public transport, a single ticket is provided; it can be purchased at ticket offices at metro stations or at special kiosks located at many bus stops.A single ticket allows you to freely travel around the city on any type of public transport. The only condition is the validity period of the travel card, the countdown of which begins from the moment the ticket is validated. The cost of travel cards is quite affordable. If you plan to travel by metro, by tram induring the day, it is better to buy a daily pass. By the way, ticket inspectors are a regular occurrence in public transport, and fines for expired travel cards are significant. It's better not to take risks.
Public transport runs only according to a schedule. Moreover, for daylight there is one schedule, and for night - another. You can get acquainted with the traffic flow at literally every stop.
IN Czech Republic Intercity transport links are well developed - you can move around the country by rail, by regular buses or by plane.
Railway connection
The cheapest and most comfortable option for traveling around Czech Republic there will be a railway. IN Czech Republic The railway connection is well developed, led by the management company Ceske Drahy (abbreviation - CD). Trains depart to all regions of the country from Prague several times an hour.
The country has three types of trains running between cities:
- InterCity, EuroCity (sometimes you can see the abbreviation “IC”, “EC” on the cars). Travel is not cheap, but it is very comfortable, convenient and fast.
- Rychlik, Express (abbreviation - R, Ex) - the cost of travel is average, the speed of movement is high.
- Osobni (abbreviation - O) - they travel very slowly, but they are also cheap.
Ticket offices at railway stations are only open during the day!
Intercity buses
Bus passenger transportation is well developed in Czech Republic. This method of transportation is used by the local residents themselves. There is nothing surprising - dozens of transport companies offer passengers comfortable, convenient, modern buses, on which traveling is a pleasure.
Every city has at least one bus station where you can buy bus tickets. Buses run strictly on schedule, and the trip will bring a lot of pleasant emotions and will not tire you in any way.Bus tickets can be purchased from the driver directly at the entrance to the bus or through online services. The seats are not indicated on the tickets, so the passenger can sit anywhere.
The main bus carrier in the Czech Republic is CSAD, which operates both domestic and international flights. In Prague, you can take a bus from this company from the Florenc bus station.You can also contact the CSAD information window, open from six in the morning to eight in the evening on weekdays, on Saturday from 6 in the morning to 16 in the afternoon, on Sunday from eight in the morning until six in the evening. In the information window you can immediately purchase a travel ticket.
No less popular in the Czech Republic is the motor transport company that provides bus transportation throughout the country, Student Agency, whose vehicles are characterized by impeccable comfort, as well as unparalleled service. By the way, tickets for a route are often cheaper with Student Agency than with other carriers. Buses leave Prague from the Zlicin metro station. Tickets, which indicate the landing locations, are sold there, at a special kiosk near the metro station.
How much do travel tickets cost in the Czech Republic?
The cost of a ticket is influenced by several factors, firstly, the class of the carriage, and secondly, the distance. But you can save a lot of money by purchasing SONE+ weekend passes. The advantage of this pass is that it gives you the opportunity to travel around the country on any type of train without restrictions throughout the weekend. By the way, this type of travel ticket is valid even in areas on the borders of neighboring countries of the Czech Republic. For trips on weekdays you can buy a Sitova jizdenka ticket.By the way, students have the opportunity to receive significant discounts on public transport. Children under six years old can travel for free. A 50% discount will be provided to children under fifteen years of age. And for students, a ticket will cost one and a half times less than for ordinary passengers.
Car rent
During a long stay in Czech Republic The best option would be to rent a vehicle. To rent a car, two conditions are required: age - from 21 years and a new driver's license.
Attention! Rules for driving on the roads of the Czech Republic!
Traffic Laws Czech Republic are slightly different from the rules established in Russia.
For example, the maximum speed in the city is 50 km/h, on the highway - no more than 90 km/h, on high-speed roads the maximum permissible speed is 130 km/h.In the city, the tram has an advantage when moving and this must always be remembered - in every city the tram service is well developed.
To move freely around the country by car (even a rented one), you must pay a transport tax. This can be done at any gas station, after which you will be given a special permit card, which must be kept and not lost, and it is best to immediately stick it on the windshield. The coupon is valid for a year. Its absence entails the imposition of a very significant fine on the driver.
Gas stations are located at the entrance to cities, as well as on highways at a distance of approximately every fifty kilometers. But unlike gas stations in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, which operate around the clock, in Czech Republic they are open until nine in the evening and then close.
Biking around the Czech Republic
Riding two-wheelers is very common in Czech Republic. There are more than 37 thousand kilometers of bicycle paths throughout the country. Prague has the largest number of cycling routes. Other regions have no fewer bike paths than Prague. There are routes that local residents call “greenways” mainly along ponds, rivers, and railways. Traveling around Czech Republic by bicycle, you can explore a lot of historical places, including pilgrimage and trade roads, routes, architectural and historical monuments. You can rent a bicycle at any of the numerous rental points located in literally every city.

Holidays in the Czech Republic

Czech- a country with incredible tourism potential. Each city is a real treasure of the country. Prague alone, with its cobbled streets and breathtaking architectural monuments, drives you crazy, and what can we say about Karlovy Vary and Brno, which are beautiful regardless of the time of year and the weather outside the window. Numerous castles, estates, and caves deserve special attention, which are impossible to explore even during a week’s vacation in the country.

Accommodation in the Czech Republic
The country has a well-developed hotel network. Moreover, you can safely stay even in three-star hotels, private boarding houses, renting apartments or apartments. A distinctive feature is the high level of service regardless of the hotel's star rating, spacious, comfortable, clean rooms, affordable prices even in four and five-star hotels. Most hotels have free Wi-Fi and parking (albeit paid). For large families with children, it is most profitable to rent apartments. Apartments, even the most presentable ones, are also distinguished by their low cost.

Main Czech attractions

Castles of the Czech Republic
This is the most important pride of the country - in total Czech Republic there are more than 2.5 thousand castles that have been perfectly preserved to this day! In every region Czech Republic It has its own castle attraction, with history and legends.Today, the territory of many castles hosts various festivals, theatrical performances, concerts, costume shows and knightly battles. And each of the events is aimed at revealing the story Czech Republic with its flavor, characteristics and traditions.

Czech cities according to the Must See principle
IN Czech Republic, probably one of the highest concentrations of ancient cities that are definitely worth visiting when arriving in this wonderful country.
Czech krumlov
One of the most famous cities South Bohemia, where historical buildings in the Renaissance, Baroque, and Gothic styles are located. Krumlov Castle is not inferior in importance to Prague Castle and is included in the UNESCO list. The Krumlov ensemble includes more than forty buildings, palaces, five courtyards and a wonderful garden with centuries-old green spaces.
In the immediate vicinity of Krumlov there is an interesting attraction, opened in 2012 and awarded the title of the best Czech attraction of the new generation - the Observation Tower with a suspended structure made of wood, starting from the ground, stretching over Lake Lipno and rising to the very top of the tower.
Telc - Czech "Venice"
In the Moravian region there is a unique city on the water, surrounded by two artificial reservoirs and a canal. The central object of Telč is considered to be an ancient fortress, built during the Middle Ages and preserved in almost its original form to this day. Arriving in Telc, you should definitely visit the Palace with many halls, distinguished by their luxurious decoration and incredible beauty and entertainment.
Jindrichuv Hradec - visiting the 13th century castle
This city is home to the third most important and largest castle complex, built back in the 13th century. The main attraction of the complex is the palace with the most valuable paintings, the Church of St. John, the interior of which is decorated with rare frescoes, as well as the Minorite monastery. The city annually hosts nationally significant folk and classical music festivals.
Brno - the largest concentration of spiritual values
The central object of the city is the Gothic town of Spielberg, founded in the 13th century and still amazing with its charm. The city is located on the top of the mountain, so the view from its central point is stunning. By the way, the town of Spielberg is depicted on almost all Czech coins.
When in Brno, you should definitely visit the Moravian Gallery - the second most important and largest Czech museum.Brno also has a very beautiful Cathedral of Saints Paul and Peter, the Catholic Churches of Saint Jacob, Saint Michael, the majestic Town Hall, the Basilica of the Virgin Mary and many other equally significant historical attractions.
Kutna Hora
It was here that active silver mining took place in the 14th century. The city is also home to the famous Chapel of All Saints, built in the 15th century. While in Kutná Hora, you should definitely get acquainted with the Vlaš Court - a complex of buildings dating back to the 13th-14th centuries (this is where the residence of the Czech kings was in the old days). Kutna Hora is also famous for its mint, the Silver Museum located in the Stone Palace, and the Cathedral of St. Barbara (outwardly the cathedral is practically no different from the French Notre Dame de Paris).
Memorial complex "Terezin"
Russian tourists will be interested in visiting the Terezin memorial, where during the Second World War there was a Jewish ghetto, in which it is estimated that there were about 140 thousand people. During the hostilities, only 17 thousand people survived. Terezin was liberated by Soviet troops on May 9, 1945. Today Terezin is a memorial complex dedicated to the victims of the concentration camp.

Czech cuisine

National cuisine Czech Republic: not for those losing weight and that’s a fact! “Glutty” - that’s what you can call the kitchen Czech Republic, where meat, flour, and fried dishes predominate. Portion sizes are a food lover's dream. But with such an abundance of food and its high calorie content, the locals are distinguished by their slim and fit figure! By the way, many Czechs consider most national dishes to be snacks. Yes Yes. Precisely appetizers for the main dish, or rather the drink - beer. Brewing is so developed in the Czech Republic that the country can safely be placed on the podium for the production of this foamy drink. Hundreds of varieties, tastes and aromas. Delicious beer is served at the table in any restaurant and cafe. Moreover, many tourists note that it is in cafes and bars that the most delicious beer, the most delicious pork knuckle and dumplings are found. Therefore, when walking around a Czech city and looking for the “best” restaurant, pay attention to a cafe on some quiet street. IN Czech Republic the quality of food, the level of service in the establishment, the degree of serving of dishes are not determined by the status of the catering establishment.

Shopping in the Czech Republic

Czech one of the most attractive countries after Germany for shopaholics. In every city you can find stores of famous world brands. You will be pleased with the wide range and reasonable prices. IN Czech Republic The TESCO supermarket chain is well developed, where by Russian standards the price tag for most goods and food products is simply ridiculous. You should definitely pay attention to the “red price”, as you can literally buy excellent things and interior items for next to nothing.
Most shopping centers are open from nine in the morning until six in the evening. Hypermarkets and grocery stores are open until nine in the evening and can open at six in the morning. On weekends, pre-holidays and public holidays, store opening hours are reduced by several hours, but not critically. By the way, many hypermarkets, especially in large cities, operate around the clock.
On the eve of Catholic Christmas and national holidays, most boutiques and shopping centers, for example, in Prague, operate as usual. But on Christmas itself, almost everything is closed - local residents highly respect this holiday and try, despite the huge flows of tourists, to celebrate the church holiday with their families.

The number of foreign tourists who come to the Czech Republic is increasing every year. Many tourists who have visited the Czech Republic once return there again and again. People fall in love with this country at first sight, and this love can last a lifetime. Tourists come to the Czech Republic for unique historical and architectural monuments, magnificent nature, real Czech beer, balneological and ski resorts.

Geography of the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is located in Central Europe. In the east, the Czech Republic borders on Slovakia, in the west on Germany, on the south on Austria, and on the north on Poland. The total area of ​​this country is 78,866 square meters. km, and the total length of the state border is 2,310 km.

In the west of the country in Bohemia there are low mountains - the Giant Mountains, which are structurally part of the Sudetenland massif. It is in the Giant Mountains that the highest Czech peak is located - Mount Snezka (1,602 m). In the east of the country in Moravia, the area is hilly with low mountains.

Several large rivers flow through the territory of the Czech Republic - the Elbe, Vltava, Morava, and Odra. Some Czech rivers are an important part of the local national parks Krkonoše, Šumava, Podja, and “Czech Switzerland”.

Capital

The capital of the Czech Republic is Prague, which is now home to about 1.3 million people. Archaeologists believe that the first Slavic settlement on the territory of modern Prague appeared in the 6th century AD.

Official language

The official language in the Czech Republic is Czech, which belongs to the subgroup of West Slavic languages.

Religion

About 30% of the Czech population are Catholics (Roman Catholic Church). Another 2% of Czechs are Protestants, and more than 32% of the Czech population do not believe in God.

Government structure of the Czech Republic

According to the 1990 Constitution, the Czech Republic is a parliamentary republic in which the President is the formal head of state, but his powers are significantly limited. The Prime Minister has significant powers, however, he is appointed by the President and approved by Parliament.

Legislative power belongs to the bicameral Parliament, consisting of Poslanecká sněmovna (200 deputies) and the Senate (81 people).

Until 2013, the President of the Czech Republic was elected by the country's Parliament, but now this happens by universal popular vote.

Climate and weather

The climate in the Czech Republic is temperate continental with fairly hot summers and cold snowy winters. In the west of the country the average annual air temperature is +7C, and in southern Moravia - +9C. In Prague in July the air temperature can reach +33C, and in the west of the country in February it can drop to -17C.

There is a lot of snow in the Czech mountains in winter, which guarantees a long ski season.

Average air temperature in the Czech Republic:

• January - -3C
• February - -2C
• March - +3C<
• April - +8C
• May - +13C
• June - +16C
• July - +18C
• August - +17C
• September - +14C
• October - +8C
• November - +3C
• December - -1C

Rivers and lakes

Several large rivers flow through the territory of the Czech Republic - the Elbe, Vltava, Morava, and Odra. In addition, there are many natural small lakes in the Czech Republic, as well as about 150 artificial lakes.

Story

Around the 4th century BC. Celtic tribes settled on the territory of modern Czech Republic, but after several centuries they were displaced by Germanic tribes. The Slavs appeared in the Czech Republic at the end of the 5th century AD.

In the 9th century, the heyday of the Czech Republic began, which was associated with the reign of the Přemyslid dynasty. The Czech state managed to actually maintain its independence, although it was a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire.

In 1085, the Czech prince Vratislav was granted the right to use the royal title by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV. However, the independence of the Kingdom of Bohemia was declared only in 1212.

From 1419 to 1436, the religious Hussite wars continued in the Czech Republic, as a result of which the Hussite religion was recognized by Catholics as one of the religions in this country.

Since 1526, the Habsburgs became kings of the Czech Republic, and thus this country became part of the Holy Roman Empire. By the way, the Czech Republic was part of Austria until 1918.

After the end of the First World War in October 1918, a single state was formed from the Czech Republic and Slovakia - Czechoslovakia.

As a result, the so-called The “Munich Agreement” of 1939 Czechoslovakia was occupied by German troops. The Germans turned the Czech Republic into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

After the end of World War II, socialist Czechoslovakia was formed. In 1968, the Warsaw Pact countries were forced to send troops into Czechoslovakia to support the socialist system there.

In November 1989, the so-called The Velvet Revolution, which removed the Communist Party from power. Vaclav Havel became the President of Czechoslovakia.

On January 1, 1993, two new independent states appeared on the political map of the world - Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

In 1999, the Czech Republic became a member of the NATO military bloc, and in 2004 it was admitted to the EU.

Czech culture

Czechs are proud of their traditions, and carefully pass them on from generation to generation. Thus, in one of the Moravian villages of Vlchnov, the “Ride of Kings” holiday is still held every year, during which local boys and teenagers ride horses decorated with multi-colored ribbons throughout the area. At the same time, the riders themselves are dressed in traditional folk costumes. The boy king is guarded by two bodyguards with sabers.

The fact is that in the Middle Ages, local princes often traveled to Moravia (and in the vicinity of the village of Vlčnovo), who were real kings for the peasants.

Czechs love to celebrate Walpurgis Night (from April 30 to May 1). Czechs sometimes call this holiday “Witch Burning Night.” Of course, no one has burned witches in the Czech Republic for many centuries. Now, to maintain this ancient custom, the Czechs set fire to brooms and throw them into the air (to see how witches used to fly in the air).

Czechs believe that at midnight on May 1st, treasures can be found. However, at this time the forces of evil are capable of harming a person. Therefore, treasure seekers on the night of May 1 need to have a fern leaf on their head (on their face).

Czech cuisine

In recent years, the Czech Republic has begun to pay more attention to healthy eating and various new recipes. However, traditional Czech food recipes are still very popular in the Czech Republic.

• “bramborová polevka” - potato soup;
• “zelná polevka” - sauerkraut soup;
• “kuřecí polevka” - chicken noodle soup;
• “hovězí guláš s knedlíkem” - beef goulash with dumplings;
• “pečené kuře s brambory” - fried chicken with potatoes;
• “knedlíky” - dumplings are made with a variety of fillings;
• “jablečný závin” - apple strudel;
• Medovník" - cake with honey.

The traditional Czech alcoholic drink is beer. As in some other European countries, beer in the Czech Republic began to be brewed in the early Middle Ages in monasteries. Now Czech beer is famous throughout the world.

Sights of the Czech Republic

For lovers of attractions, the Czech Republic is an ideal country. There are many different attractions in the Czech Republic, and it is difficult for us to choose the best of them. However, in our opinion, the top ten best attractions in the Czech Republic include the following:

Cities and resorts of the Czech Republic

The largest cities in the Czech Republic are Brno, Pilsen, Ostrava, and, of course, Prague.

The Czech Republic is known for its ski resorts with well-developed skiing infrastructure. The most popular Czech ski resorts are Harrachov, Jablonec nad Jizerou, Rokytnice nad Jizerou, Spindleruv Mlyn, Pec pod Snezkou, Hruby Jesenik, Velke Losiny, Bozi Dar, and Liberec. Thanks to the large amount of snow, the ski season in the Czech Republic lasts from December to April.

Tourists come to the Czech Republic not only to admire the sights of this country and ski at local ski resorts. There are a large number of mineral springs in the Czech Republic, and, as a result, tourists also come to this country very often for balneological resorts. Karlovy Vary has a reputation as a world-class balneological resort.

Other popular Czech balneological resorts are Marianske Lazne, Františkové Lazne, Jáchymov, Teplice, Luhačovice, and Poděbrady.

Souvenirs/shopping