The mystery of the construction of the Alexander Column: questions remain. Alexandria Column. On Palace Square and in Russian history The column that stands on Palace Square

History of creation

This monument complemented the composition of the Arch of the General Staff, which was dedicated to the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812. The idea of building the monument was proposed by the famous architect Carl Rossi. When planning the space of Palace Square, he believed that a monument should be placed in the center of the square. However, he rejected the proposed idea of installing another equestrian statue of Peter I.

An open competition was officially announced on behalf of Emperor Nicholas I in 1829 with the wording in memory of “ unforgettable brother" Auguste Montferrand responded to this challenge with a project to erect a grandiose granite obelisk, but this option was rejected by the emperor.

A sketch of that project has been preserved and is currently in the library. Montferrand proposed installing a huge granite obelisk 25.6 meters (84 feet or 12 fathoms) high on a granite plinth 8.22 meters (27 feet). The front side of the obelisk was supposed to be decorated with bas-reliefs depicting the events of the War of 1812 in photographs from the famous medallions by medalist Count F. P. Tolstoy.

On the pedestal it was planned to carry the inscription “To the Blessed One - Grateful Russia.” On the pedestal, the architect saw a rider on a horse trampling a snake with his feet; a double-headed eagle flies in front of the rider, followed by the goddess of victory, crowning him with laurels; the horse is led by two symbolic female figures.

The sketch of the project indicated that the obelisk was supposed to surpass all known monoliths in the world in its height (secretly highlighting the obelisk installed by D. Fontana in front of St. Peter's Basilica). The artistic part of the project is excellently executed using watercolor techniques and testifies to Montferrand’s high skill in various areas of fine art.

Trying to defend his project, the architect acted within the limits of subordination, dedicating his essay “ Plans et details du monument consacré à la mémoire de l’Empereur Alexandre“, but the idea was still rejected and Montferrand was explicitly pointed to the column as the desired form of the monument.

Final project

The second project, which was subsequently implemented, was to install a column higher than that of Vendôme (erected in honor of Napoleon's victories). Trajan's Column in Rome was suggested to Montferrand as a source of inspiration.

The narrow scope of the project did not allow the architect to escape the influence of world-famous examples, and his new work was only a slight modification of the ideas of his predecessors. The artist expressed his individuality by refusing to use additional decorations, like the bas-reliefs spiraling around the shaft of the ancient Trajan's Column. Montferrand showed the beauty of a giant polished pink granite monolith 25.6 meters (12 fathoms) high.

In addition, Montferrand made his monument taller than all existing monolithic columns. In this new form, on September 24, 1829, the project without sculptural completion was approved by the sovereign.

Construction took place from 1829 to 1834. Since 1831, Count Yu. P. Litta was appointed chairman of the “Commission on the Construction of St. Isaac’s Cathedral,” which was responsible for the installation of the column.

Preparatory work

After separating the workpiece, huge stones were cut from the same rock for the foundation of the monument, the largest of which weighed about 25 thousand poods (more than 400 tons). Their delivery to St. Petersburg was carried out by water, for this purpose a barge of a special design was used.

The monolith was duped on site and prepared for transportation. Transportation issues were dealt with by naval engineer Colonel K.A. Glazyrin, who designed and built a special boat, named “Saint Nicholas”, with a carrying capacity of up to 65 thousand poods (1100 tons). To carry out loading operations, a special pier was built. Loading was carried out from a wooden platform at its end, which coincided in height with the side of the ship.

Having overcome all difficulties, the column was loaded on board, and the monolith went to Kronstadt on a barge towed by two steamships, from there to go to the Palace Embankment of St. Petersburg.

The arrival of the central part of the column in St. Petersburg took place on July 1, 1832. The contractor, merchant son V. A. Yakovlev, was responsible for all of the above work; further work was carried out on site under the leadership of O. Montferrand.

Yakovlev's business qualities, extraordinary intelligence and management were noted by Montferrand. Most likely he acted independently, " at your own expense» - taking on all financial and other risks associated with the project. This is indirectly confirmed by the words

Yakovlev's case is over; the upcoming difficult operations concern you; I hope you have as much success as he did

Nicholas I, to Auguste Montferrand regarding the prospects after unloading the column in St. Petersburg

Works in St. Petersburg

Since 1829, work began on the preparation and construction of the foundation and pedestal of the column on Palace Square in St. Petersburg. The work was supervised by O. Montferrand.

A geological survey of the area was first carried out and a suitable sandy continent was discovered near the center of the area at a depth of 17 feet (5.2 m). In December 1829, the location for the column was approved, and 1,250 six-meter pine piles were driven under the base. Then the piles were cut to fit the spirit level, forming a platform for the foundation, according to the original method: the bottom of the pit was filled with water, and the piles were cut to the level of the water table, which ensured that the site was horizontal.

The foundation of the monument was built from stone granite blocks half a meter thick. It was extended to the horizon of the square using planked masonry. In its center was placed a bronze box containing coins minted in honor of the victory of 1812.

The work was completed in October 1830.

Construction of the pedestal

After laying the foundation, a huge four-hundred-ton monolith, brought from the Pyuterlak quarry, was erected on it, which serves as the base of the pedestal.

The engineering problem of installing such a large monolith was solved by O. Montferrand as follows:

Installation of a monolith on the foundation
Precise installation of the monolith
- The ropes, thrown over the blocks, were pulled into nine capstans and raised the stone to a height of about one meter.
- They took out the rollers and added a layer of slippery solution, very unique in its composition, onto which they planted the monolith.

Since the work was carried out in winter, I ordered cement and vodka to be mixed and a tenth of soap added. Due to the fact that the stone initially sat incorrectly, it had to be moved several times, which was done with the help of only two capstans and with particular ease, of course, thanks to the soap that I ordered to be mixed into the solution

O. Montferrand

Setting up the upper parts of the pedestal was a much simpler task - despite the greater height of the rise, subsequent steps consisted of stones of much smaller sizes than the previous ones, and besides, the workers gradually gained experience.

Column installation

Rising of the Alexander Column

As a result, the figure of an angel with a cross, made by sculptor B.I. Orlovsky with expressive and understandable symbolism, was accepted for execution - “ You'll win!" These words are associated with the story of finding the life-giving cross:

The finishing and polishing of the monument lasted two years.

Opening of the monument

The opening of the monument took place on August 30 (September 11) and marked the completion of work on the design of Palace Square. The ceremony was attended by the sovereign, the royal family, the diplomatic corps, a hundred thousand Russian troops and representatives of the Russian army. It was carried out in a distinctly Orthodox setting and was accompanied by a solemn service at the foot of the column, in which kneeling troops and the emperor himself took part.

This open-air service drew a parallel with the historical prayer service of Russian troops in Paris on the day of Orthodox Easter on March 29 (April 10).

It was impossible to look without deep emotional tenderness at the sovereign, humbly kneeling in front of this numerous army, moved by his word to the foot of the colossus he had built. He prayed for his brother, and everything at that moment spoke of the earthly glory of this sovereign brother: the monument bearing his name, and the kneeling Russian army, and the people among whom he lived, complacent, accessible to everyone.<…>How striking was at that moment the contrast between the greatness of life, magnificent, but fleeting, with the greatness of death, gloomy, but unchangeable; and how eloquent was this angel in view of both, who, unrelated to everything that surrounded him, stood between earth and heaven, belonging to the one with his monumental granite, depicting what no longer exists, and to the other with his radiant cross, a symbol of what always and forever

In honor of this event, a memorial ruble was issued in the same year with a circulation of 15 thousand.

Description of the monument

The Alexander Column is reminiscent of examples of triumphal buildings of antiquity; the monument has amazing clarity of proportions, laconism of form, and beauty of silhouette.

Text on the monument plaque:

Grateful Russia to Alexander I

It is the tallest monument in the world, made of solid granite, and the third tallest after the Column of the Grand Army in Boulogne-sur-Mer and Trafalgar (Nelson's Column) in London. It is taller than similar monuments in the world: Vendôme Column in Paris, Trajan's Column in Rome and Pompey's Column in Alexandria.

Characteristics

View from the south

The total height of the structure is 47.5 m.
The height of the trunk (monolithic part) of the column is 25.6 m (12 fathoms).

Pedestal height 2.85 m (4 arshins),

The height of the angel figure is 4.26 m,

The height of the cross is 6.4 m (3 fathoms).

The bottom diameter of the column is 3.5 m (12 ft), the top is 3.15 m (10 ft 6 in).

The size of the pedestal is 6.3×6.3 m.

The dimensions of the bas-reliefs are 5.24×3.1 m.

Fence dimensions 16.5×16.5 m

The total weight of the structure is 704 tons.
The weight of the stone column trunk is about 600 tons.

The total weight of the column top is about 37 tons.

The column itself stands on a granite base without any additional supports, only under the influence of its own gravity.

Pedestal
Column pedestal, front side (facing the Winter Palace). At the top is the All-Seeing Eye, in the circle of an oak wreath is the inscription of 1812, below it are laurel garlands, which are held in the paws of double-headed eagles.
On the bas-relief - two winged female figures hold a board with the inscription Grateful Russia to Alexander I, under them are the armor of Russian knights, on both sides of the armor are figures personifying the Vistula and Neman rivers
The pedestal of the column, decorated on four sides with bronze bas-reliefs, was cast at the C. Byrd factory in 1833-1834.

A large team of authors worked on the decoration of the pedestal: sketch drawings were made by O. Montferrand, based on them on cardboard the artists J.B. Scotti, V. Solovyov, Tverskoy, F. Brullo, Markov painted life-size bas-reliefs. Sculptors P.V. Svintsov and I. Leppe sculpted bas-reliefs for casting. Models of double-headed eagles were made by sculptor I. Leppe, models of the base, garlands and other decorations were made by sculptor-ornamentalist E. Balin.

The bas-reliefs on the pedestal of the column in an allegorical form glorify the victory of Russian weapons and symbolize the courage of the Russian army.

The bas-reliefs include images of Old Russian chain mail, cones and shields kept in the Armory Chamber in Moscow, including helmets attributed to Alexander Nevsky and Ermak, as well as the 17th-century armor of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, and that, despite Montferrand's assertions, it is entirely doubtful the shield Oleg of the 10th century, nailed by him to the gates of Constantinople.

These ancient Russian images appeared on the work of the Frenchman Montferrand through the efforts of the then president of the Academy of Arts, a famous lover of Russian antiquity, A. N. Olenin.

In addition to armor and allegories, allegorical figures are depicted on the pedestal on the northern (front) side: winged female figures hold a rectangular board with the inscription in civil script: “Grateful Russia to Alexander the First.” Below the board is an exact copy of armor samples from the armory.

The symmetrically located figures on the sides of the weapons (on the left - a beautiful young woman leaning on an urn from which water is pouring out and on the right - an old Aquarius man) represent the Vistula and Neman rivers, which were crossed by the Russian army during the persecution of Napoleon.

Other bas-reliefs depict Victory and Glory, recording the dates of memorable battles, and, in addition, on the pedestal are depicted the allegories “Victory and Peace” (the years 1812, 1813 and 1814 are inscribed on the Victory shield), “Justice and Mercy”, “Wisdom and Abundance” "

At the upper corners of the pedestal there are double-headed eagles; they hold in their paws oak garlands lying on the ledge of the pedestal cornice. On the front side of the pedestal, above the garland, in the middle - in a circle bordered by an oak wreath, is the All-Seeing Eye with the signature “1812”.

All bas-reliefs depict weapons of a classical nature as decorative elements, which

...does not belong to modern Europe and cannot hurt the pride of any people.

Column and angel sculpture

Sculpture of an angel on a cylindrical pedestal

The stone column is a solid polished element made of pink granite. The column trunk has a conical shape.

The top of the column is crowned by a bronze capital of the Doric order. Its upper part - a rectangular abacus - is made of brickwork with bronze cladding. A bronze cylindrical pedestal with a hemispherical top is installed on it, inside which is enclosed the main supporting mass, consisting of multi-layer masonry: granite, brick and two more layers of granite at the base.

Not only is the column itself taller than the Vendôme Column, the figure of the angel surpasses in height the figure of Napoleon I on the Vendôme Column. In addition, an angel tramples a snake with a cross, which symbolizes the peace and tranquility that Russia brought to Europe, having won the victory over Napoleonic troops.

The sculptor gave the angel’s facial features a resemblance to the face of Alexander I. According to other sources, the figure of the angel is a sculptural portrait of the St. Petersburg poetess Elisaveta Kulman.

The light figure of an angel, the falling folds of clothing, the clearly defined vertical of the cross, continuing the vertical of the monument, emphasize the slenderness of the column.

Fence and surroundings of the monument

19th century color photolithograph, view from the east, showing a guard's box, fence and lantern candelabra

The Alexander Column was surrounded by a decorative bronze fence about 1.5 meters high, designed by Auguste Montferrand. The fence was decorated with 136 double-headed eagles and 12 captured cannons (4 in the corners and 2 framed by double gates on four sides of the fence), which were crowned with three-headed eagles.

Between them were placed alternating spears and banner poles, topped with guards double-headed eagles. There were locks on the gates of the fence in accordance with the author's plan.

In addition, the project included the installation of candelabra with copper lanterns and gas lighting.

The fence in its original form was installed in 1834, all elements were completely installed in 1836-1837. In the north-eastern corner of the fence there was a guard box, in which there was a disabled person dressed in a full guards uniform, who guarded the monument day and night and kept order in the square.

An end pavement was built throughout the entire space of Palace Square.

Stories and legends associated with the Alexander Column

Legends

During the construction of the Alexander Column, there were rumors that this monolith turned out by chance in a row of columns for St. Isaac's Cathedral. Allegedly, having received a column longer than necessary, they decided to use this stone on Palace Square.

The French envoy to the St. Petersburg court reports interesting information about this monument:

Regarding this column, one can recall the proposal made to Emperor Nicholas by the skillful French architect Montferrand, who was present at its cutting, transportation and installation, namely: he suggested that the emperor drill a spiral staircase inside this column and demanded for this only two workers: a man and a boy with a hammer, a chisel and a basket in which the boy would carry out fragments of granite as he drilled it out; finally, two lanterns to illuminate the workers in their difficult work. In 10 years, he argued, the worker and the boy (the latter, of course, would grow up a little) would have finished their spiral staircase; but the emperor, justifiably proud of the construction of this one-of-a-kind monument, feared, and perhaps with good reason, that this drilling would not pierce the outer sides of the column, and therefore refused this proposal.

Baron P. de Bourgoin, French envoy from 1828 to 1832

Addition and restoration work

Two years after the installation of the monument, in 1836, under the bronze top of the granite column, white-gray spots began to appear on the polished surface of the stone, spoiling the appearance of the monument.

In 1841, Nicholas I ordered an inspection of the defects then noticed on the column, but the conclusion of the examination stated that even during the processing process, the granite crystals partially crumbled in the form of small depressions, which are perceived as cracks.

In 1861, Alexander II established the “Committee for the Study of Damage to the Alexander Column,” which included scientists and architects. Scaffolding was erected for inspection, as a result of which the committee came to the conclusion that, indeed, there were cracks on the column, originally characteristic of the monolith, but fear was expressed that an increase in the number and size of them “could lead to the collapse of the column.”

There have been discussions about the materials that should be used to seal these caverns. The Russian “grandfather of chemistry” A. A. Voskresensky proposed a composition “which was supposed to impart a closing mass” and “thanks to which the crack in the Alexander Column was stopped and closed with complete success” ( D. I. Mendeleev).

For regular inspection of the column, four chains were secured to the abacus of the capital - fasteners for lifting the cradle; in addition, the craftsmen had to periodically “climb” the monument to clean the stone from stains, which was not an easy task, given the large height of the column.

The decorative lanterns near the column were made 40 years after the opening - in 1876 by the architect K. K. Rachau.

During the entire period from the moment of its discovery until the end of the 20th century, the column was subjected to restoration work five times, which was more of a cosmetic nature.

After the events of 1917, the space around the monument was changed, and on holidays the angel was covered with a red tarpaulin cap or camouflaged with balloons lowered from a hovering airship.

The fence was dismantled and melted down for cartridge cases in the 1930s.

The restoration was carried out in 1963 (foreman N.N. Reshetov, the head of the work was restorer I.G. Black).

In 1977, restoration work was carried out on Palace Square: historical lanterns were restored around the column, the asphalt surface was replaced with granite and diabase paving stones.

Engineering and restoration work of the early 21st century

Metal scaffolding around the column during the restoration period

At the end of the 20th century, after a certain time had passed since the previous restoration, the need for serious restoration work and, first of all, a detailed study of the monument began to be felt more and more acutely. The prologue to the start of work was the exploration of the column. They were forced to produce them on the recommendation of specialists from the Museum of Urban Sculpture. The experts were alarmed by large cracks at the top of the column, visible through binoculars. The inspection was carried out from helicopters and climbers, who in 1991, for the first time in the history of the St. Petersburg restoration school, landed a research “landing force” on the top of the column using a special fire hydrant “Magirus Deutz”.

Having secured themselves at the top, the climbers took photographs and videos of the sculpture. It was concluded that restoration work was urgently needed.

The Moscow association Hazer International Rus took over the financing of the restoration. The Intarsia company was chosen to carry out work worth 19.5 million rubles on the monument; This choice was made due to the presence in the organization of personnel with extensive experience working at such critical facilities. Work at the site was carried out by L. Kakabadze, K. Efimov, A. Poshekhonov, P. Portuguese. The work was supervised by first category restorer V. G. Sorin.

By the fall of 2002, scaffolding had been erected and conservators were conducting on-site research. Almost all the bronze elements of the pommel were in disrepair: everything was covered with a “wild patina”, “bronze disease” began to develop in fragments, the cylinder on which the figure of the angel rested was cracked and took on a barrel-shaped shape. The internal cavities of the monument were examined using a flexible three-meter endoscope. As a result, the restorers were also able to establish what the overall design of the monument looks like and determine the differences between the original project and its actual implementation.

One of the results of the study was the solution to the stains appearing in the upper part of the column: they turned out to be a product of the destruction of the brickwork, flowing out.

Carrying out work

Years of rainy St. Petersburg weather resulted in the following destruction of the monument:

The brickwork of the abacus was completely destroyed; at the time of the study, the initial stage of its deformation was recorded.

Inside the cylindrical pedestal of the angel, up to 3 tons of water accumulated, which got inside through dozens of cracks and holes in the sculpture’s shell. This water, seeping down into the pedestal and freezing in winter, tore the cylinder, giving it a barrel-shaped shape.

The restorers were given the following tasks:

Get rid of water:
Remove water from the cavities of the pommel;

Prevent future accumulation of water;

Restore the abacus support structure.

The work was carried out mainly in winter at high altitudes without dismantling the sculpture, both outside and inside the structure. Control over the work was carried out by both core and non-core structures, including the administration of St. Petersburg.

The restorers carried out work to create a drainage system for the monument: as a result, all the cavities of the monument were connected, and the cavity of the cross, about 15.5 meters high, was used as an “exhaust pipe”. The created drainage system provides for the removal of all moisture, including condensation.

The brick pommel weight in the abacus was replaced with granite, self-locking structures without binding agents. Thus, Montferrand's original plan was again realized. The bronze surfaces of the monument were protected by patination.

In addition, more than 50 fragments left over from the Siege of Leningrad were recovered from the monument.

The scaffolding from the monument was removed in March 2003.

Fence repair

... “jewelry work” was carried out and when recreating the fence “iconographic materials and old photographs were used.” “Palace Square has received the finishing touch.”

Vera Dementieva, Chairman of the Committee on State Control, Use and Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments

The fence was made according to a project completed in 1993 by the Lenproektrestavratsiya Institute. The work was financed from the city budget, costs amounted to 14 million 700 thousand rubles. The historical fence of the monument was restored by specialists from Intarsia LLC. The installation of the fence began on November 18, the grand opening took place on January 24, 2004.

Soon after the discovery, part of the grating was stolen as a result of two “raids” by vandals - hunters for non-ferrous metals.

The theft could not be prevented, despite the 24-hour surveillance cameras on Palace Square: they did not record anything in the dark. To monitor the area at night, it is necessary to use special expensive cameras. The leadership of the St. Petersburg Central Internal Affairs Directorate decided to establish a 24-hour police post at the Alexander Column.

Roller around the column

At the end of March 2008, an examination of the condition of the column fence was carried out, and a defect sheet was compiled for all losses of elements. It recorded:

53 places of deformation,

83 lost parts,
Loss of 24 small eagles and one large eagle,

31 partial loss of parts.

28 eagles

26 peak

The disappearance did not receive an explanation from St. Petersburg officials and was not commented on by the organizers of the skating rink.

The organizers of the skating rink have committed themselves to the city administration to restore the lost elements of the fence. Work was supposed to begin after the May holidays of 2008.

Mentions in art

Cover of the album “Love” by the rock band DDT

The column is also depicted on the cover of the album “Lemur of the Nine” by the St. Petersburg group “Refawn”.

Column in literature

“The Pillar of Alexandria” is mentioned in the famous poem by A. S. Pushkin “”. Pushkin's Alexandria Pillar is a complex image; it contains not only a monument to Alexander I, but also an allusion to the obelisks of Alexandria and Horace. At the first publication, the name “Alexandrian” was replaced by V. A. Zhukovsky for fear of censorship with “Napoleons” (meaning the Vendôme Column).

In addition, contemporaries attributed the couplet to Pushkin:

In Russia everything breathes military craft
And the angel puts a cross on guard

Commemorative coin

On September 25, 2009, the Bank of Russia issued a commemorative coin with a face value of 25 rubles dedicated to the 175th anniversary of the Alexander Column in St. Petersburg. The coin is made of 925 silver, with a circulation of 1000 copies and weighing 169.00 grams. http://www.cbr.ru/bank-notes_coins/base_of_memorable_coins/coins1.asp?cat_num=5115-0052

Notes

On October 14, 2009, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation issued an order to secure the operational management of the Alexander Column

Alexander Column "Science and Life"

According to the St. Petersburg encyclopedia on spbin.ru, construction began in 1830

Yuri Epatko Knight of Malta against the background of the Alexander Column, St. Petersburg Gazette, No. 122(2512), July 7, 2001

According to the description in ESBE.

Architectural and artistic monuments of Leningrad. - L.: “Art”, 1982.

Less common, but more detailed description:

1,440 guardsmen, 60 non-commissioned officers, 300 sailors with 15 non-commissioned officers of the guards crew and officers from the guards sappers were seconded

You'll win!

Alexander Column on skyhotels.ru

Auction page numizma.ru for the sale of a commemorative coin

Wolmar.ru auction page for the sale of a commemorative coin

After crossing the Vistula there was practically nothing left of Napoleonic troops

The crossing of the Neman was the expulsion of Napoleonic armies from Russian territory

In this remark is the tragedy of the violation of the national feeling of the Frenchman, who had to build a monument to the winner of his fatherland

The project accepted for execution was characterized by the following words:

The figure of an Angel with a cross, which tramples enmity and malice (snake) at the foot, depicts a striking thought - hereby conquer

Work on the restoration of the Alexander Column in St. Petersburg, estimated at 22.5 million rubles, is planned to be completed in April 2003 Archive of articles dedicated to the tercentenary of St. Petersburg, July 23, 2002

Karpova E. V. “Corinna of the North”: (About the sculptural image of Elizaveta Kulman) // Cultural Monuments. New discoveries: Writing. Art. Archeology: Yearbook / Scientific. Council on the History of World Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Editorial committee: D. S. Likhachev et al. 1999. M.: Nauka, 2000.

The fence of the Alexander Column has been restored from the Atlant-Media Construction Information Portal

A recreated fence of the Alexander Column was opened in St. Petersburg Fontanka.ru, January 24, 2004

N. Efremova. Alexander Column // “Science and Life”

The main pillar of St. Petersburg turned 170 years old Fontanka.ru with reference to St. Petersburg Gazette, August 30, 2002

The Pillar of Alexandria from the site of the French in St. Petersburg

Ermit Park project

Albert Aspidov.

Continuation of the Seven Wonders of the World.
Just yesterday I sat down and finally wrote about the Russian Seven Wonders of the World, and then I immediately came across an article about the Alexander Column, so I continue first about the column.

Alesanri Column 2006. Palace Square. I filmed straight away in black and white.
The square is formed by historical monuments: the Winter Palace, the Guards Corps Headquarters Building, the General Staff Building with the Triumphal Arch, the Alexander Column. Dimensions The area measures about 8 hectares, for comparison - Red Square in Moscow has an area of only 2.3 hectares

1988 Leningrad. Postcard.

Enluminure de Ch. Beggrow, Saint Petersburg. Alexandrian Column.
You'll never know what year it is here. The arch of the General Staff building is not even in sight yet, but the column is already standing. But according to the officially accepted version, the Column was placed only after the Arch and the main headquarters, and this is clearly visible from Montferrand’s drawings. Although he drew them so many times, this was apparently all he was doing, proving that this was exactly what he did and in what exact way he raised this column. So that everyone can officially and clearly see that the French supposedly have at least some connection with St. Petersburg. In the background of all these engravings, it is the Arch of the General Staff Building that peeks out everywhere.
Here's another masterpiece!

Auguste Montferrand. View of the Alexander Column from Millionnaya Street. 1830
Yes, yes, it’s exactly 1830, and for some reason St. Isaac’s Cathedral is already standing in the background, although officially it’s only 1856, and the column is still standing, although they will start painting the rise of the column only in 1832 and finish in 1833, when two dozen men lifted it in 2 hours!
The column on Vosstaniya Square had to be cut, because they couldn’t lift it with any crane, they couldn’t move it with any equipment. I'll see how they take it apart.

62 sheet of acquittal notes of the French graphic artist Montferand. We see that St. Isaac's Cathedral stood well before him, and he only painted it here, the most important word of French.

“The Raising of the Alexander Column in 1832”, of which two pieces had previously been loaded onto a barge at once... this is 1600 tons of polished granite, each. By Bichebois Louis Pierre Alphonse, Baillot Adolphe Jean Baptiste.

And this is Montferrand depicting how two diggers are chipping away and the column is immediately round! By myself, without a CNC machine. By the way, he draws so well, and is also called an Architect.
And the more he proves all sorts of crap, the less you believe in his fairy tales.

Making a refutation will now be much more difficult than lying to them. And everyone, without even thinking, believed it! And the further they lied, the more pictures they had to draw, proving the most incredible event: two diggers broke off a round column from a rock and dragged it on barges. At least they agreed on the time already, otherwise there is such a scatter.

Chernetsov G.G. - Part of the panorama of Palace Square, taken from the scaffolding of the Alexander Column. Can you imagine the height?

By the way, pay attention, it’s already worth mentioning, this can be thrown into the previous topic, they also lied there that there is no Exchange and only the Frenchman Thomas de Thomon came up with it.

The Alexandria Lighthouse really shone in St. Petersburg - the oldest city of stone in the Northern Palmyra, to all ships going to St. Petersburg from a height of 50 meters and was visible far in the fairway of the Neva and the Gulf of Finland, I think then with emerald water.
I don’t know what they were shining with, but the energy was definitely then accumulated through the column from sunny places and transferred to the Winter Palace, because there were no ceilings smoked from candles there. It was not for nothing that there was a ban on building buildings higher than the Winter Palace, and the Column is visible from everywhere because the Winter Palace sticks out, even if you sit on the bank of the Peter and Paul Fortress.

"I erected a monument to myself, not made by hands,
The people's path to him will not be overgrown,
He ascended higher with his rebellious head
Pillar of Alexandria." A. S. Pushkin

And by the Column of Alexandria, Pushkin meant ours, the largest monolithic column in the World on Palace Square, and not the column of the Pharos Lighthouse in the harbor of Egyptian Alexandria - one of the wonders of the world, the tallest building of the ancient world, it is our column that we are talking about, everyone knows what is here In St. Petersburg, super new technologies were used that we have not yet reached.

The Pharos lighthouse, placed at the entrance to the port of Alexandria, has competed in glory with the pyramids of the Valley of the Kings since ancient times. Possessing a daring design for its time, according to some evidence, it was taller than the Cheops pyramid, into which the third ray of the Admiralty trident from St. Petersburg's Navel strangely rests. But this is not what Pushkin admires.

Pompey's Column in Alexandria is also not small and is also dedicated to the handsome Alexander the Great.
View_of_Pompey"s_Pillar_with_Alexandria_ in_the_background_in_c.1850
But with the Jews everything is not like with people - that’s why they sound like this: “For a long time considered a monument to Alexander the Great, the column seems to have no relation to either Alexander or Pompey and today is recognized as a monument to the victories of Diocletian.” - Wikipedia.
Yes Yes....

And what's that??? Columns like in Baalbek built by the Russians.
After all, it is Russia that is the heir of the Holy Roman Empire, and before the Revolution it was called the Great Greco-Russian Eastern Empire, the heir of Byzantium and the Three-Falled Eagles around the Alexandrian Column.

1830 Watercolor by Sadovnikov. The column has been standing for another 3 years before its official creation and rise, and apparently has been standing for a long time, if they managed to coordinate everything in the ensemble flawlessly and fit the Arch to the column.
Moreover, the Alexandrinsky Column was erected in St. Petersburg, the new capital of Rome, precisely in honor of Alexander the Great or Alexander Nevsky, even before the global flood in Atlantis. Hence the 2 meters of reclaimed soil and that is why the height of 2 meters for all buildings is so lacking. Flooded Atlantis is St. Petersburg and it is our Atlanteans who hold the sky on the Stone Hands.

Atlanteans can no longer withstand such a load and underground explosions near St. Petersburg - the ammunition is being completely destroyed, apparently for the War.

Ruins of Northern Palmyra - Northern Venice, St. Petersburg, the city of stone.

And the sand from the destroyed city still makes the Gulf of Finland shallow and impassable and creates problems for the passage of ships along the Neva, truly a “snowy river” - hence the name given by Alexander, nicknamed Nevsky by us - and the passage of ships in the canals became difficult after the cold snap and the change of poles and later in Northern Venice, built on the foundations of Northern Palmyra, canals were buried and the Spit of Vasilievsky Island and Rozhdestvenskie streets were formed, but that’s another story

Wikipedia: “The identification of the “Alexandrian Pillar” with the Alexander Column in St. Petersburg, which is a cultural fact and apparently dates back no later than the first publication of the “Monument” (1841), from the late 30s of the XX century has been scientifically criticized as untenable." Wiki - I’m no longer surprised - how will we now be able to rewrite our History completely? I can’t imagine - how to create a new Wikipedia?

After all, even Nabokov had no doubt that the “Pillar of Alexandria” comes from the name Alexander.” (see Nabokov V.V. Op. cit. P. 278.)
Pushkin, with his lines, without fear of censorship, clearly showed everyone the value of the column and emphasized the lies of the French about the novelty of the column, when they tried to call the already finished, old column standing in the square the creation of the Frenchman Montferrand, and attribute St. Isaac's Cathedral to him, hiding the true, Ancient History of the column. Well, who would draw so many fake

Of course, Pushkin knew our Ancient History very well and was interested in its details. It was not for nothing that he wrote the Poem “The Bronze Horseman” and under this pretext of collecting materials, he received access to the Archives of Peter’s time and wrote The Captain’s Daughter in prose. Without the Internet then it was much more difficult for them to understand what was going on and what happened before and there weren’t so many pictures at hand. And the "Iron Mask" about the twin brother of Peter the Great has not yet been born... it’s not for nothing that near St. Petersburg we have a twin of Versailles - Petrodvorets. Although they claim that Versailles is earlier, but we have fountains and there is no need to turn them off they beat all night without any mechanism for raising the water like in Versailles. We, of course, were built earlier.

Saving the Country from the French invasion after the victory over Napoleon turned out to be much more difficult than the destroyed fleet in Sevastopol Bay during the Crimean War after the assassination of Pushkin. Although who knows.....

A. S. Pushkin "TO THE SEA"

Farewell, free elements!
For the last time before me
You're rolling blue waves
And you shine with proud beauty.

Like a friend's mournful murmur,
Like his call at the farewell hour,
Your sad noise
your noise is inviting
I heard it for the last time.

Why last time? Regarding the next closure of the Black Sea to the Russians, this was after the Crimean War! The Black Sea was closed to us for 13 years so that we would not go to America. Or did he actually survive and receive treatment in Crimea?

It seems that he was saying goodbye to the country - maybe Pushkin really is Alexandre Dumas in the future and it was he who wrote The Three Musketeers, it’s not for nothing that it’s great to read avidly, like the fairy tales of Pushkin himself and Ershov handed in the manuscript of “The Little Humpbacked Horse” for him, otherwise it would did everyone find out that he was alive and didn’t write poetry anymore?

Well, where is the column, don’t you see? - The arch is already standing, but there is no column yet and people are walking... and everyone will believe in this nonsense that it actually happened!

Another paid photo bank, clearly an enemy one - there is no column either! Artists don't even need Photoshop.

And why the hell does the carriage turn left around the pillar and not go to the main entrance to the palace?

Palace Square 1800 Benjamin Patersen. And they didn’t have time to paint over the white corners 216 years ago??? Previously, watercolors were stretched onto a stretcher with flour glue ;-)

In short, the British also tried to destroy the column. How come they all want to destroy everything beautiful about us or are they jealous?

The Germans in the photo bank also carefully cover the old Russian Flag, which is now the official flag of Holland - Red-white-blue, and in Russia we have now adopted the trade Flag of Russia - it is now customary to trade with the Motherland if they are afraid to return their Great History. They dance to their tune like clowns.
And New Holland or New Admiralty - the ancient port of Northern Palmyra was now given to the Dutch to bury and make grass there and planted trees..... instead of putting ship models there under a glass dome!

Not only the Decembrists died a brave death - everyone understood what was going on.... it was not for nothing that Tsar Alexander himself disappeared out of sight and hid in the Tobolsk Monastery and only stuck his nose out in 1836, and in 1837 Pushkin was no longer alive.

“Fell slandered by rumors, with his proud head bowed” Lermontov M.

But Pushkin managed to leave us to our descendants, and Lukomorye really is in Siberia and Tsar Saltan - Constantinople, probably foreseeing that we will still unwind this tangle of History, cunningly woven by spiteful critics, according to his fairy tales.
Low bow to the Great Pushkin!
Therefore, Pushkin certainly did not write about this to Alexander.

And on the Alexander Column there really was a Torch! And this was definitely the Lighthouse of the Great Alexander, who, after the Empire was torn apart, was called Alexander Nevsky by the Russians, and Alexander the Great in the West.

Even Google defines the photo of this column exactly as the Alexandria Column on Palace Square in St. Petersburg, so so be it.

If Isaakievsky stood before Montferand, then the column easily stood there earlier.

With the first Russian telegraph in the world, which was laid precisely in St. Petersburg, and the first radio, which was invented by the Russian engineer Popov, the best maps and directions in the world no longer needed such high lighthouses, it became easier for ships to navigate and they could really remake the monument according to others considerations, but the fact is that these columns stand in all the central squares of capitals around the World.

And the largest, most perfect column is located here in St. Petersburg, the Capital of the Empire, the Capital of Europe and the World in St. Petersburg, the Third Rome, which of course pleases our pride, but brings eternal misfortune to our Country, against which everyone is up in arms. and how from Russia the Mother of all Russian cities, the eternal donor, how from the mother they want to snatch their Pie and come in hordes. Even now they will not calm down and their troops are only 100 km from St. Petersburg.

It’s good that there are people who know the True price of this city, as the Siege survivors who remained in the City understood it and the whole Country knew, if Leningrad stands, then we will win this War. There is something to fight for.

It’s good that people understand our real Great true History of the Country Returning from the War and believe me, everything will be fine with us if as many people as possible learn about the true History of the City and the Power from ocean to ocean and the angels spare our city in WWIII.

The eternal shackles will fall and freedom will greet us joyfully at the entrance and the brothers will give us the sword...
It’s somehow different there, but that’s not the point. We must unite all Russians, save this beauty and prevent war.

Let me make a complete repost of Sandra Rimskaya further about the Alexander Column, and then decide for yourself what was in the angel’s hand - a Sword or a Torch? I save all the material Sandra dug up, as it is on the same page with my text.

Original taken from sandra_rimskaya in the Alexander Column and everything, everything, everything.

According to legend, 1854, photograph of Bianchi. But this is according to the legend of the Prussian Jewish Red Army soldiers Elston and the Holstein-Gottorp group.

Because in 1873, the monument to the First Prince Michael Angel Carus “Tsar Rus” still stood on the Alexander Column.

The cross is painted with retouching. That is, in reality, the statue of the Girl did not have the Cross in her hands.

Photo from 1895. The cross is again very difficult to see.
http://kolonna.e812.ru/foto/pamyatnik.html

Also a photograph, but the Cross is clearly visible.
03

Photo from 1900.

And the cross is actually finished!

1. Pay attention to the cross in the photo from 1900, it is clearly retouched.

2. On the top is not an angel, but a woman, and in her hands is not a cross, but the Earth’s axis, the cross was installed during the “restoration” process. The sphere on which a woman stands is the Earthly sphere, and snakes are the beginning of all paths. She is depicted on the coat of arms of the Republic of Ingushetia, but is called Gabriel.

It can be seen that the “Cross” has been added. The Alexander Column is ancient and has already cracked. Custine was in St. Petersburg captured by the Reds in 1879 and wrote that the column was already in cracks.

In 1873, the column was not yet visible; it was not yet “open”, it was inside some building.

Everything is according to legend: the Alexander Column stands “closed”, inside some ancient building and in the woods.

Then the Prussian Jewish Red Army soldiers will “open” it: they will destroy the ancient building, remove their scaffolding around the column and say that they built it themselves and installed a brand new one.

Gagarin's drawing was made in 1874. And in 1879, the “brand new” Alexander Column had already cracked within five years?

That is, in 1879 the Alexander Column was ancient. According to Custine and the Prussian Jewish Red Army censors, St. Michael's Castle was also ancient in 1879.

And the question immediately arises: why did the Prussian Jewish soldiers of Elston, the old Red (Prussian) Guard, put scaffolding around the Alexander Column?

The Germans did not restore it. Restored by the Royal Family, "Tsars". And they erected a new monument. This is according to the stories of historians and old residents of the City.

It turns out that in 1874 the Red Prussian Jewish soldiers of Elston, “Nicholas”, removed the statue of the First Prince Michael Angel Carus of the First Emperor Diocletian from the Alexander Column?

I’d like to find out from whom: in what year in the second half of the 19th century did the Jews in Odessa end up with the statue of “Duke”, which was on the Alexander Column?

And this is the 2002 restoration. Alexander's Column in the woods, for comparison.

According to legend, the column was restored in 1861. We add the Romanov 40 years and get the date of restoration of the column: 1861 + 40 = 1901.

The decorative lanterns near the column were made 40 years after the opening - in 1876 by the architect K. K. Rachau.
Which also fits into our Chronology: in 1874 there was a “discovery” of the Alexander Column from scaffolding and an ancient building, and in 1876 decorative lanterns were installed.
In 1861, Alexander II established the “Committee for the Study of Damage to the Alexander Column,” which included scientists and architects. Scaffolding was erected for inspection, as a result of which the committee came to the conclusion that, indeed, there were cracks on the column, originally characteristic of the monolith, but fear was expressed that an increase in the number and size of them “could lead to the collapse of the column.”
There have been discussions about the materials that should be used to seal these caverns. The Russian “grandfather of chemistry” A. A. Voskresensky proposed a composition “which was supposed to impart a closing mass” and “thanks to which the crack in the Alexander Column was stopped and closed with complete success” (D. I. Mendeleev).
For regular inspection of the column, four chains were attached to the abacus of the capital - fasteners for lifting the cradle; in addition, the craftsmen had to periodically “climb” the monument to clean the stone from stains, which was not an easy task, given the large height of the column.
During the entire period from the moment of its discovery until the end of the 20th century, the column was subjected to restoration work five times, which was more of a cosmetic nature.
The restoration was carried out in 1963 (foreman N.N. Reshetov, the head of the work was restorer I.G. Black).
In 1977, restoration work was carried out on Palace Square: historical lanterns were restored around the column, the asphalt surface was replaced with granite and diabase paving stones.
At the end of the 20th century, after a certain time had passed since the previous restoration, the need for serious restoration work and, first of all, a detailed study of the monument began to be felt more and more acutely. The prologue to the start of work was the exploration of the column. They were forced to produce them on the recommendation of specialists from the Museum of Urban Sculpture. The experts were alarmed by large cracks at the top of the column, visible through binoculars. The inspection was carried out from helicopters and climbers, who in 1991, for the first time in the history of the St. Petersburg restoration school, landed a research “landing force” on the top of the column using a special fire hydrant “Magirus Deutz”.

Having secured themselves at the top, the climbers took photographs and videos of the sculpture. It was concluded that restoration work was urgently needed.

Restorations took place in 1901, 1963 and 2001-2003.
1901 - 1874 = 27 years difference. 1963 - 1901 = 62 years difference. 2001 - 1963 = 38 years.

It is clear that the Girl had something in her hand. They say that there was a Torch (Sword “Argument”), among the Jews it is called: “The Grail Cup from which God drank.” But these are again the legends of the Prussian Jewish Red Army soldiers Elston Nikolai, the occupiers. They say that this Torch (Sword “Argument”, Holy Grail) disappeared under Nicholas, that is, Elston, even before the Holstein-Gottorp group of Christian 9 (Alexandra 2) 1903-1917.

Statue of the Goddess of Liberty in the USA, Bringing Light to the American (Army?) Peoples. Gift from the Czartoryski-Conde: Corporation of General Staff Officers Bella Arm Air Carus to the peoples of America (Armycarus?) after the lost Civil War for American Independence from the Nikolaev Jewish soldiers of the old red (Prussian) guard of Elston Nicholas in 1853-1871.

And Prussia changed its name to Germany, and our Nikolaev Jewish soldiers of the old red (Prussian) guard of Elston-Sumarokov: Gray slave war crimes changed their name and became Germans and Jews, Nikolaev Jewish soldiers of the old red (German) army of Elston-Sumarokov 1853-1953

Archangel Michael is known primarily as a great commander, archangel. He is the conqueror of Satan himself, he is the great prince who stands for the sons of the Jewish people. According to legend, he saves Abraham from the fiery furnace, and Isaac from Abraham's knife. It is he who leads the people through the desert to the promised land, and he who gives Moses the tablets of the Law. He is called the keeper of the magical words with which heaven and earth were created. He was seen at the gates of heaven with a fiery sword, and it was he who carried the body of the deceased Mother of God to heaven.

Several holidays are dedicated to Archangel Michael. The main and oldest of them is celebrated on November 21. It was established in 363 by the Council of Laodicea, which recognized the doctrine of angels as creators and rulers of the world as heresy, but preserved their cult. Officially, the holiday is called the Council of the Archangel Michael and other disembodied Heavenly powers. That is, angels. Therefore, to begin with, it is worth saying a few words about who angels are.

John of Damascus defines: “An angel is an entity endowed with intelligence, always moving, possessing free will, incorporeal, serving God, and by grace having received immortality for its nature.” The angelic doctor Thomas Aquinas elaborates: “God rules the corporeal world through angels.” “They differ from Divine energies,” explains Alexey Losev, “in that they are created, that is, substantially other-existent, while Divine energies are substantially inseparable from God himself and therefore are God himself. Ethereal forces, as the idea of all further otherness, comprehend and shape all otherness, and therefore the doctrine of the Guardian Angel is a completely elementary dialectical necessity. Not only man, but everything that exists in the world, every smallest grain of sand has its own guardian angel.”

Angel is the living meaning of things. He himself is incorporeal, living outside of space and time. But it can appear in our corporeal world, as, for example, the same Michael appeared to the priest Archippus in Khonech and, with a blow of his rod, diverted the seething stream from his temple.

The angel comes into contact with a given place solely through its power. Therefore, the angel’s movements come down to the sequential application of his force to different points.” And he clarifies: “The angel moves in discontinuous time. He may appear here and there, and there will be no time gap between these points. The beginning and end of an angel’s movement cannot be called two moments, between which there is a time interval; in the same way, it cannot be said that the beginning of a movement covers a period of time ending with the instant of the end of the movement. The beginning is one moment, and the end is another. There is no time between them at all. You can say that an angel moves through time, but not in the same way as a body moves.”

Michael the Archangel Patron of High Energy Physics

The author of the theory of morphogenic fields, Rupert Sheldrake, believes that Thomas's idea of \u200b\u200bthe movement of angels refers to quantum physics: “The photon is in one place at the moment when, for example, light comes from the Sun, and in another place at the moment when sunlight comes into contact with anything on Earth. The time interval between these moments is about eight minutes. Thus, we can attribute speed to light. But according to the theory of relativity - and this was one of Einstein's starting points - from the point of view of the photon itself there is no time expenditure. There is an instantaneous connection between the light coming from the sun and the light coming into contact with an earthly object. The photon does not age” (more details here).

As we see, modern ideas about the movement of quantum particles have the same mental roots as the Thomist idea of the movement of angels. In modern science fiction this seems to be called "null transport". Be that as it may, angels, who are often described by spirit seers as beings of light, may well be of a wave-particle nature. They are incorporeal, like waves propagating in some angelic field, and they are corporeal, since they appear to man in the material world. But this is just a special physicality. Perhaps it is best to call it virtual. And turn on the TV. The plots with which it is filled, of course, were created by angels placed in the service of propaganda. Media is one of the most visible areas of their activity today. The point is not that some Konstantin Ernst is an angel. But who will argue with the fact that there is a reliable guardian angel behind him?

Archangel Michael - Patron of the Russian Land

Archangel Michael is the archangel (in Greek - the supreme military leader), the commander of the angels faithful to God, the victorious enemy of Satan, the conqueror of evil. He is considered the patron saint of warriors fighting for a just cause.

The very name Michael means in Hebrew “who is like God.” And this alone already says how highly he is revered by the Holy Church. He cast down the devil and all fallen spirits from Heaven. Archangel Michael did not deprive us and our Fatherland of his intercession when he saved Novgorod the Great from the Tatar Khan Batu in 1239. It is no coincidence that on many military banners in Rus' Michael was depicted as the archangel of God’s army. For more than a thousand years, Archangel Michael has been the patron saint of the Russian land.
Archangel Michael in Scripture is called “prince”, “leader of the army of the Lord”
In the spirit of Holy Scripture, some Church Fathers see Archangel Michael as a participant in other important events in the life of the people of God, where, however, he is not called by name.
HOLY ARCHISTRATIG OF GOD MICHAEL VOIEVODA
Michael is mentioned three times in the Revelation of Daniel. The “man” who appeared to Daniel (judging by the description, Jesus Christ Himself as God) talks about His struggle against the “Prince of Persia”: “Behold, Michael, one of the first princes, came to help me” (Dan. 10:13); “There is no one who will support Me in this except Michael your prince” (Dan. 10:21). This clearly refers to the unnamed patron angel of Persia and Michael as the patron angel of Israel.

However, the next mention of Michael in Daniel's prophecy makes us think of him as an earthly man. In connection with the description of the campaigns of the “despicable” king (in the Revelation of John he corresponds to the image of the “beast from the abyss”), Daniel says:

“And at that time Michael will arise, the great prince who stands for the children of your people.” Dan. 12:1.
ARCHANGEL MICHAEL ANGEL OF THE APOCALYPSE

10 Mikhail in armored armor with aerodynamic wings

Scepter and Power - Archangel Michael of Byzantium Caesar Carus First Emperor Diocletian from the Pillar of Alexandria in his Constantinople - Imperial New-Gorod, the Capital of the Russian Tsars.

All with weapons in their hands. And there is only one - the most important Angel in the Empire of the Army of Angels of Michael the Archangel, his Deputy. standing along the Alexander Column without a weapon in his hands. Nicholas stole the Sword of Argument (the Holy Grail). The Germans throughout Germany were looking for this Sword: the “Argument” (the Holy Grail) in order to return it to its place in the hands of the Angel on the Alexander Column.

When I was little, I had a conversation with an adult man about the empty hand of “Mikhail”, because in Leningrad everyone was sure that Michael, the First Prince of Russia was standing there: Master of the City and Founder of the State, former God of Russia: “Savior” , Father of the Russian Army, First Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army and its Creator.

And I felt so offended for the Prince, and I asked:

And he was also disarmed? How are we in SALT-2? So how will he protect his people if he doesn't have a weapon in his hands? What? Will his bandits just listen to him?

Yuri Mikhailovich grinned slyly into his mustache and said:

Who? Mikhail? Don’t worry: Mikhail is dangerous even without a weapon!

This is what I remember for the rest of my life: “Mikhail will protect. He can do anything. He’s dangerous even without a weapon!”

09 Alexander Column with a monument to Duke.

10 Duke. Odessa residents say that Duke was brought to them from St. Petersburg in the 19th century, and before that he stood on the Alexander Column.

Paris, May 1871. Prussian Jewish Red Army soldiers of Elston threw down the monument to the First Prince Michael Angel Carus “Tsar Rus” from the Vendome Column. Statue of the First Emperor Diocletian Michael Angel Carus "Tsar Rus" in Paris, a copy of the St. Petersburg-Odessa "Duke".

It seems that in 1874 the monument to the First Prince Caesar Methus Carus, whom our Prussian Jewish Red Army soldiers of Elston renamed Michael the Archangel Diocletian, the First Emperor, still stood on the Alexander Column.

Because in 1871, the Prussian Jewish Red Army soldiers just captured Paris and destroyed the Vendôme column with the monument to Caesar Meph Carus, knightly name Chart Rus, the First Prince.

And I think that monuments were erected in the USA and Russia at the same time. Set by the Army. And the Cossacks of Elston became Jews for us, Red Army soldiers of Elston: Gray slave war crimes, persons who betrayed the Oath. Now they’ve been running around with the entire Red Army since 1853, and they still can’t come to an agreement with each other: what should they be called now? Either they are Prussian Jews, then they are Russian Jews, then they are German occupiers, then they are Soviet occupiers, then they are Slavs, then they are Christians, then Soviet peasants of the Hohenzollern, Holstein, Bronstein and Blank, lads: Germans and Jews with weapons in their hands from 1853 -1953 Traitors.

If you steal someone else's History, live in other people's houses and cities, in a foreign state, impersonate Russians (Army), ban the human language and force everyone to learn the language of your monkey, then probably your children and grandchildren will be loved in the Russia you have captured.

When did the Jews create Yiddish for themselves? In the 1910s? Well, here are all the fairy tales about Jews. We have other Jews: the Cossacks of Elston: Gray slave war crimes, persons who betrayed the Oath, the entire Red Army of Elston-Sumarokov and the Holstein-Gottorp group.

Who would believe that some poor, worn-out Jews were capable of seizing power over the Cossacks? There would be no price for Jews then. Just if the Cossacks themselves were those Jewish soldiers of Elston: Gray slave war crimes, persons who betrayed the Oath.
We recently learned that the Romanovs were Jews. Officially, the Romanovs were Germans, but they called themselves Slavs.
And the Slavs proved to us that they were Russians, only for some reason they were Soviet Jewish Christians with German bayonets from 1853-1953. They were Elston bandits, but became Stalinist bandits. And the gang is the same: Dimacresi Social Commune Party Intelgents. In the CPSU, Lenin ennobled it in 1917, contrary to Trotsky’s ban.

And the Cross was erected by Jewish Soviet soldiers with German bayonets during the restoration of 1901. But they say that it was in 1903. The Cossacks have been walking as they please for thousands of years. What's it been like for two years? The Cossacks' biography in 1352 does not agree with the General Staff of the Russian Army. State and National.

The famous Alexandria Column appears. Since childhood, her image has entered the consciousness of several generations of Russian people, even those who have never been to the festival. But Pushkin’s textbook poems, where she is mentioned, are known to everyone. At the same time, not everyone will remember that the Alexandria Column was erected in honor of commemorating the victory of Russian weapons over Napoleon. It is often perceived as nothing more than an axis of symmetry and the center of the overall composition, uniting the brilliant creations of Rossi and Rastrelli into a single whole. Of course, this is a simple convention, but it is considered to be the symbolic center not only of Palace Square, but of the whole of St. Petersburg.

History of creation

The Alexandria Column on the palace square was erected according to the design of the great architect Auguste Montferrand. There is a certain element of chance in its erection. Montferrand devoted forty years of his life to granite, mined in Karelian rocks for the construction of his colonnades. One of the monolithic pieces weighed a thousand tons, and its pink granite was of amazing quality. The length also greatly exceeded the required length. It was simply a pity to cut such a gift of nature. And it was decided to use the entire monolith. The Alexandria Column was made right at the site where the monolithic billet was mined. The work was carried out by Russian master stone-cutters. To deliver it to the capital along the Neva, a special barge had to be designed and built. The action took place in 1832. After delivery to the destination and all preparatory work, its final installation took only an hour and a half. The Alexandria Column was brought into a vertical position through a system of levers with the help of the physical efforts of two and a half thousand workers and soldiers of the capital's garrison. The construction was completed in 1834. A little later, the pedestal was decorated with ornaments and surrounded by a low fence.

Some technical details

The column on Palace Square is to this day the tallest triumphal structure of its type in all of Europe. Its height is 47 and a half meters. It is carefully polished and has an equal diameter along its entire length. The uniqueness of this monument is also in the fact that it is not secured by anything and stands on a solid foundation solely under the influence of its own weight. The two hundredth anniversary of this building is not too far away. But during this time, not even the slightest deviation from the vertical of the six-hundred-ton monolith was observed. There are no signs of subsidence of the foundation underneath. Such was the accuracy of Auguste Richard Montferrand's engineering calculations.

During the war, bombs and long-range artillery shells exploded near the column. The Alexandria Column survived those who fired at it and, apparently, intends to stand unshakably for a very long time. The metal angel on top of it is also not secured by anything, but it is not going to fly away anywhere.

The Alexander Column is one of the most famous monuments of St. Petersburg. It is often mistakenly called the Pillar of Alexandria, after Pushkin’s poem “Monument”. Erected in 1834 by order of Emperor Nicholas I in honor of the victory of his elder brother, Emperor Alexander I, over Napoleon. Style - Empire. Installed in the center of Palace Square, in front of the Winter Palace. The architect was Auguste Montferrand.

The monument is made of solid red granite. Its total height is 47.5 m. The top of the column is decorated with a figure of an angel of peace cast in bronze. It stands on a hemisphere, also made of bronze. In the angel's left hand is a cross, with which he tramples the serpent, and he extends his right hand to the sky. The features of Emperor Alexander I appear in the face of the angel. The height of the angel is 4.2 m, the height of the cross is 6.3 m. The column is installed on a granite pedestal. It is noteworthy that it stands without additional supports, only under the influence of its own gravity. The pedestal is decorated with bronze bas-reliefs. On the side facing the palace there is an inscription: “To Alexander I. Grateful Poccia.”

Under these words you can see ancient Russian weapons and figures symbolizing Peace and Victory, Mercy and Justice, Abundance and Wisdom. On the sides there are 2 allegorical figures: Vistula - in the form of a young girl and Neman - in the form of an old Aquarius. At the corners of the pedestal are double-headed eagles, with laurel branches clutched in their claws. In the middle, in an oak wreath, the “All-Seeing Eye” is depicted.

The stone for the column was taken from the Pieterlak quarry located in Finland. This is one of the grandest granite monoliths in the world. Weight – more than 600 tons.

The work was fraught with enormous difficulties. First of all, it was necessary to very carefully separate a solid granite piece of the required size from the rock. Then, right there on the spot, this mass was finished, giving it the shape of a column. Transportation was carried out by water on a specially built vessel.

At the same time, in St. Petersburg, on Palace Square, the foundation was being created. 1250 pine piles were driven to a depth of 36 m, and hewn blocks of granite were laid on them to equalize the area. The largest block was then placed as the basis for the pedestal. This task was accomplished at the cost of enormous effort and a large number of mechanical devices. When the foundation was laid, it was bitterly cold, and for better setting, vodka was added to the cement mortar. A bronze box with coins that were minted in honor of the victory of 1812 was placed in the middle of the foundation.

It seems that the column represents the exact center of Palace Square. However, this is not so: it is installed 140 m from the arch of the General Staff building and 100 m from the Winter Palace. The installation of the column itself was extremely difficult. On both sides of the pedestal, scaffolding up to 22 fathoms high was built. The column was rolled along an inclined plane onto a special platform and wrapped in rope rings to which blocks were attached. Corresponding blocks were also installed on top of the scaffolding.

On August 30, 1832, the column was raised. Emperor Nicholas I and his family arrived at Palace Square. Many people came to watch this action. People crowded into the square, at the windows and on the roof of the General Staff building. 2000 soldiers grabbed the ropes. Slowly the column rose and hung in the air, after which the ropes were released, and the granite block quietly and accurately sank onto the pedestal. A loud “Hurray!” rang across the square, and the sovereign, inspired by success, said to the architect: “Montferrand, you have immortalized yourself!”

After 2 years, the final finishing of the column was completed, and the consecration ceremony was performed in the presence of the emperor and the 100,000-strong army. The Alexander Column is the tallest monument in the world, created from a single piece of granite and third in height after the Column of the Grand Army in Boulogne-sur-Mer and London's Trafalgar Column. It is taller than similar monuments in the world: the Vendôme Column in Paris, the Roman Trajan's Column and Pompey's Column in Alexandria.