Knitting knots obzh. Types of knots and their knitting on a rope. To help the fisherman
A rope is an irreplaceable thing not only in everyday life, but also on a hike. Its application is quite wide: from a basic device for drying clothes to organizing crossings, insurance and other vital devices. Therefore, every serious hiker should know how to tie knots on a rope. And not simple ones, but tourist rope knots for all occasions.
Therefore, in this article we will analyze the main types of rope knots and how to use them on a hike. Schemes of tourist nodes will also be provided.
And we’ll start by figuring out how to tie the simplest knot.
Tying a straight knot is very simple, but it is intended for those cases when someone's life does not depend on it. Those. It is not suitable for belaying, because it can come untied and slide off. When tying a straight knot, so-called control fixing knots are required. What's good about this node? It is easy to untie, just pull the two ends of the rope on one side of the knot. And besides, it knits quickly and easily. Those. If you need to quickly tie two ropes of the same diameter for light loads, a straight knot is perfect.
Direct node diagram:
One of the control node options:
Tourist nodes: guide, Swiss guide, figure eight
How to tie a guide and figure eight knot correctly? The differences in tying them are minor. They are designed to create a strong loop, used in a climbing harness. The conductor and figure eight are very reliable units, which is why they are widely used in tourism. In this case, the figure eight is considered more reliable, and therefore does not require control nodes, unlike a conductor.
Conductor node diagram:
How to take a figure eight knot? Scheme:
How to tie a bowline knot?
The bowline knot is no less popular in tourism than the conductor. This is due to the fact that it is multifunctional and reliable. However, for severe cases with increased load, a control unit is required. A bowline is used when it is necessary to tie a rope around a support, to tie two ropes together, to create a non-tightening loop.
Grapevan is a more complex knot than those given earlier. This is a reliable knot designed to tie two ropes, ribbons, etc. It does not require safety knots, but is strongly tightened under increased load.
Grasping tourist knots: the Prussian knot
Grasping knots are used to organize crossings and for insurance when ascending or descending an inclined surface. This unit moves easily and tightens when loaded. It is indispensable for tourists and climbers. However, before tying the Prussian knot, make sure that all its components are straightened, otherwise it may slip along the rope.
Option 1
Option 2
Used for temporary fastening, or for those cases when the rope needs to be returned after descent. When tying this knot, one end of the rope serves to hold the weight, the other to untie the knot.
How to tie a weaver's knot?
A weaving knot is used to tie together two ropes of the same diameter. It consists of a number of safety nodes and, since it tends to slip, requires additional control nodes. How to tie a weaver's knot? We put two ropes on top of each other, knit a control knot first on one side, then on the other, tighten two knots, and tie another safety knot at the ends.
How to tie a clew knot?
What if we need one long rope, but we only have pieces of rope of different thicknesses? For this we need a clew knot. It is suitable for permanent loads, i.e. may come undone when released.
A reinforced version of the clew is the clew knot (a thin rope is wound).
How to tie tourist knots correctly? Results
Let's summarize. All types of rope tourist knots can be divided into a number of conditional categories depending on the scope of their application. Let's highlight the main ones:
- for tying two ropes of the same diameter;
- for tying ropes of different diameters;
- to create loops;
- for tying a rope around an object (tree, pole, etc.);
- for grasping another rope (attaching a belay, organizing a crossing).
This is not a complete list of the purposes of rope knots for tourism. However, having mastered the above set of knots, you will become much more efficient and useful in your hiking life. It is important to remember that each knot must be given special attention in order to knit it correctly. After all, not only your life, but also that of your fellow hikers may depend on your attentiveness. Let your ability to tie knots help you keep yourself and others safe.
More information about the nodes in the video:
GBPOU "Shakhun Agro-Industrial College"
[Tourism Section]
Tourist nodes
Additional education teacher
Vorontsova Oksana Vladimirovna
INTRODUCTION
There are quite a lot of nodes. As L.N. writes Skryagin in the book “Sea Knots”, the American K. Ashley collected and described about 700 of their species. Obviously, it is simply impossible to know and be able to knit such a number of knots, and there is no need.
Tourist nodes are subject to certain requirements, dictated by the practice of their use. Tourist knots should: be tied simply (easy to remember); do not unravel spontaneously under load or after removing it; do not “crawl” under variable loads; do not tighten yourself “tightly” unless necessary; fit its purpose. In addition, if you have doubts about the correctness of knitting a knot, it is better to abandon it and use another knot that is well known to you.
Each rope, rope, cord, etc. have their own strength characteristics. True, when we tie a tent guy to a tree, we hardly think about the strength of the rope used for these purposes. It's a completely different matter when it comes to the rope that, say, climbers are tied with during ascents and which is used for belay. In this case, its strength characteristics are important. Therefore, it would not be out of place to say that all knots significantly weaken the strength of the rope. For example, a figure eight knot - by 25%, a bowline knot - by 30%, a weaving knot - by 35%. Other knots reduce the strength of the rope to approximately the same extent. In addition, it is important to know that a wet rope reduces its strength by 10%; the strength of ropes decreases by almost 30% at temperatures close to 30° below zero. The strength of ropes that are dirty, old, dried in the sun, or with damaged outer braiding is reduced by half.
To tie knots correctly, of course, you need practice. Anyone who needs this will strengthen their skills through training. After all, not all knots are easy to tie. There are very successful knots, but difficult to remember. In general, the ability to tie knots is very individual. Some people will have to memorize a simple knot for a long time, while others will knit a knot with a complex pattern the first time.
ROPE
Dynamic belay rope (safety rope). Standard nylon rope, intended for dynamic belaying in mountaineering and rock climbing, with a cross-sectional diameter of 10-12 mm. The dull shock absorption shock of an 80 kg load (weight) on a rope, when it breaks in the void, at the maximum elevation above the point of fastening the rope should not exceed 1300 kg. The guaranteed strength of the rope must be at least 2000 kg. A dynamic rope should not be subjected to large long-term loads, in particular, on a suspended crossing, etc.
Railing rope. It is used for hanging support and safety railings, suspended crossings, and for working with heavy objects. A rigid type of main rope of round cross-section is used, with a diameter of at least 10 mm, with a guaranteed strength of at least 1000 kg according to the technical passport. The railing rope must have a strong, wear-resistant protective braid.
Auxiliary rope. Rope for auxiliary actions. It is used for transferring the end of the main rope and for its remote removal, for transporting backpacks and small loads with a total weight of no more than 30 kg, etc. A nylon rope of round cross-section with a diameter of at least 8 mm is used.
Rep cord. 6-8 mm round nylon rope with protective braiding. Used for gripping knots and for auxiliary purposes.
A rope that has worn-out braiding, ruptures or a so-called hernia (bulging of the core), a rope that has burnt or melted areas on the working part, a rope soiled with paint, bitumen, resin, etc., etc. are not allowed.
Non-standard rope with a particularly slippery braid (fluoroplastics, polyethylene, etc.) is not allowed, even if its strength corresponds to the standard one, twisted rope without braid, etc.
A rope damaged during the competition distance (partially or completely broken, cut, braided, etc.) is immediately confiscated from the team and returned after finishing its work on the distance.
As an exception, you can use its undamaged parts as independent ropes, or as a composite rope, blocked at the break point by one of the knots6 of the middle, counter, counter eight, grapevine.
Properties of some ropes used in competitions:
A) Rope "Fishing cord" produced by OJSC "Tyumensetesnast". Strength of rope of different cross-sectional diameters and its connection node:
A rope with a cross-section of 10 mm is often used as a railing and safety rope, for working in a pulley system, etc. A rope with a cross-section of 8 mm is used as an auxiliary rope. A rope with a cross-section of 6-8 mm (rep cord) is used for tying grasping knots. Ropes with a cross-section of 12 and 16 mm, unless specified by the conditions of the competition, are used only in the referee systems of stage equipment. In this case, a 16 mm rope can replace a double, 10-11 mm rope.
B) Mechanical characteristics of safety and railing ropes:
Safety
Railing
Fishing
Climbing rope 11 mm. Company "TEX-plus".
Railing rope 10.5 mm, for the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Company JSC Mari NPO.
Fishing rope 10mm, JSC "Tyumensetesnast".
ROPE KNOTS
According to their purpose, VUs are divided into units:
for tying ropes;
for fastening the end of the rope to a carabiner;
for securing a rope to a support or to a transported object;
for tying a rope to a participant (at the moment they are practically not used);
special fixing (grasping) units;
friction units for rappelling or lowering a heavy load with a rope.
At VU competitions, a limited set of units is used, in strict accordance with the area of their safe and optimal use. Special requirements are placed on the VU in the safety chain and in heavy-load systems.
General requirements: The assembly in working position must conform to the standard shape and be tightened. There should be no incorrect overlaps of the “cross” ropes. The length of the free ends of a knot from a single rope must be at least 50 mm, from a double rope - at least 80 mm. The free ends of stationary operating knots must be tied to the knot rope with electrical tape, tape or other similar material.
Knots for tying ropes of the same section
Applicable:
counter;
counter eight;
grapevine;
clew on the conductor (with control unit);
windshield on the conductor (with control unit);
Rice. 1. Knots for tying ropes of the same section
Knots for tying ropes of different sections (rope and cord; rope and tape; single and double rope).
Applicable:
sheet on the conductor;
windshield on the conductor;
academic;
academic on conductor;
connecting conductors with a carabiner.
The guide is knitted on a thicker rope.
Rice. 2. Knots for tying ropes of different sections
Knots for extending ropes during rescue operations (double, single) when descending the pair “victim + rescuer” (rescue work).
Applicable:
sheet on the guide of the first rope;
the gate on the conductor of the first rope (a control knot is tied with the extension rope);
connecting conductors with a carabiner (with a coupling).
For tying ribbons and belts nodes are used:counter, counter eight .
Knots for transferring the end of a rope using an auxiliary rope (rope cord). Applicable:sheet or sheet on the conductor transmitted rope, without control nodes.
Knots for attaching a suspended crossing:
a) On supports of circular cross-section (trees, piles, pipes, beams, etc.), on the original bank it is usedcarbine noose (Fig. 3 p-5). A rope is attached to the carabiner conductor for remote removal of the crossing.
b) On the target bank knit:stirrup, triple stirrup, double and triple bayonet, double carabiner noose with pinch (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. Units for attaching a suspended crossing
c) On the target bank, it is allowed to spread the unit on supports (Fig. 4). The rope wraps 2-3 times around one tree, then, on another tree or thick branch, the final knot (stirrup or bayonet) is tied.
Rice. 4. Units for attaching a suspended crossing
d) Carbine noose on the judge's carbine. Knitted on the carabiner of the original shore, for remote removal of the crossing. The noose guide is knitted from a double rope. The referee's carabiner is oriented towards the noose conductor at an acute angle so that the conductor does not slip through the carabiner.
e) Carabiner assembly for fastening the crossing (Triple UIAA): Knitted onto a carabiner for fastening the crossing to a point on the target bank (Fig. 5).
Rice. 5. Carabiner fastening unit for crossing
The knot is easy to knit, does not creep or tighten, and is easily untied when removing even a tightly stretched crossing. It is knitted with single and double rope. With strong tension (so that the carabiner coupling does not jam), it is knitted on two folded carabiners. The knot ends with a control knot (simple, half-grapevine, but preferably a stirrup). It can be tied in advance to the command carbine, and fastened to the referee's crossing point.
At the canopy crossing it is prohibited:
1. To avoid cutting the crossing rope when its tension is high, the use of control washers made of thin metal plates and washers with sharp edges on the fastening points is prohibited.
2. At crossings with strong tension, in order to avoid damage to the rope, it is not recommended to use a stirrup knot on a carabiner.
Mounting points for horizontal and inclined railings apply:guide, figure-eight guide, stirrup, double bayonet, carabiner noose, carabiner tie .
a) Carabiner tie. Represents a carabiner pulley from the end of a railing rope. Knitted at the beginning or end of the railing. Designed to tension and impart the necessary rigidity to the railings.
Tying method: After securing one end of the railing, at the opposite point the railing rope covers the support (tree or carabiner). Then, 1.5-2 m from the support, a conductor is tied to the railing and a carabiner is fastened to it. The railing rope, after wrapping around the support, passes through this carabiner and forms a simple chain hoist, which, with the effort of 1-2 participants, is pulled to the support and fixed on it with one of the standard fastening points. Such a tightened chain hoist replaces the fastening unit.
For attaching vertical railings applies:
a) On the rise appliesconductor orconductor figure eight with a carbine. The railing is fastened to the judge's loop and to the judge's guide with a carabiner. Railings are fixed to the treecarbine noose or knotbowline . Special condition: When fastening with a knotbowline a control knot must be tied. You cannot attach lanyards to the bowline loop, hang backpacks or heavy objects on it, or attach other railings.
Rice. 6. For attaching vertical railings
b) On the descent - appliescarbine noose . For remote removal of a rope from a support using an auxiliary rope.
For attaching a rope to a carabiner apply:conductor, figure-of-eight conductor, double conductor, middle knot.
Knots in the participant's safety system
a) Self-belay carabiner units:
a1) Conductor or figure eight conductor (Fig. 7; item 1). Instead of a control unit, the free end of the conductor is wound to the rope with electrical tape or tape. To fix the carabiner in its normal position, it is sometimes tied to the conductor with electrical tape or tape.
Rice. 7. Self-belay carabiner units
a2) Guide with stirrup (Fig. 7; item 2). The conductor loop is made slightly larger and a stirrup is knitted from it, which is put on a carabiner and tightened at the main top of the carabiner.
a3) Grapevine noose (Fig. 7; item 3). To attach the self-belay carabiner, a simple and reliable knot is used, which consists of a loop that is tightened on the carbine, fixed by half of the Grapevine knot.
b) Double bowline blocking LSS . It is used to block old-type LSS, consisting of a separate chest belt and a gazebo. When knitting, one ring of the knot covers the arbor loop, the other the loops of the chest belt. Two lanyards are made from the free ends of the knot.
A dynamic belay carabiner is attached to the upper ring of the unit. To the bottom - all means of suspending the participant on the railing (figure eight, carriage, etc.).
Caution: An insufficiently tightened DB, as well as a DB made from a rope with a slippery braid, may twist or crawl under load. With a narrow chest girdle, this leads to compression of the chest (suffocation). When used for a long time, the bowline becomes very tight and difficult to untie.
c) Chest harness . Tying the end or a piece of rope around the participant’s chest for belay on slopes no steeper than 50°. Knitted in the absence of LSS. The rope covers the participant's chest and is tied in front (as you inhale) with a bowline knot. The single end of the knot is made of such length as to cover the participant’s shoulders in the form of straps and tie it on the chest with a control knot (half weaving or half grapevine) so that it rests on the bowline. If it is knitted from a piece of rope, a lanyard is made from its main end.
At competitions, TM, unless specifically stated, is not used.
Control nodes
Serve to secure (control) the main unit (Fig. 8). Applicable:semi-weaving (regular KU) andhalf grapevine . On round support units (bayonet units) it is usedcontrol stirrup (stirrup tied to a rope in front of a knot). The control unit must be carefully tightened.
Of the control nodes, the least reliable issemi-weaving . The most reliable ishalf grapevine . More convenient and reliable on a double ropeclew control unit .
Rice. 8. Control nodes
Clew control unit (Fig. 8. p-4). It is tied on a double rope of the attachment point for a suspended crossing or (double railings, when extending a double rope during rescue operations, etc. The free end of the knot is passed between the ropes of the crossing, and then a clew is made. When tensioning the crossing, the rope of the control knot is pinched between the ropes of the crossing. This the reliability of the control unit is ensured.
Grasping knots
Special movable units designed for automatic fixation on the rope. In particular: For tensioning the rope; For the top, fixing belay; For self-belaying on a vertical rope, etc.
Typically, SUs are knitted from a closed loop of 6-8 mm nylon cord. Three types of loops are used:
1. Single closed loop , connected with a grapevine knot or a counter knot (Fig. 9 p.-4). In practice, tying the suture at one end is not excluded.
Rice. 9. Grasping knots
2. Single loop with common double conductor (Fig. 9 p-5).
3. Double loop with common double conductor (Fig. 9 p-6). Note: A symmetrical grasping knot from such a loop on a single rope slips. It cannot be used for insurance (self-insurance).
It should be remembered that belaying with a catching knot is used only as a last resort, when there is no jumar, crawl and other standard equipment.
The strength of a loop made from a new 6 mm first grade cord is about 400 kg. With use, its strength quickly decreases. Below are the main types of gripping knots:
a) Half-grip - symmetrical single-coverage control system. (Fig. 9, p-1).
The knot holds well on a thick 50 mm rope or tree trunk, but slips on a single and double 10-11 mm rope.
b) Classic symmetrical a grasping knot (Fig. 9. item-2), and a reinforced symmetrical grasping knot (item-3). The knot is knitted from a rope loop of a single cord, with a cross-section of 6-8 mm. The knot is used to secure a rope and for belaying on vertical railings, on slopes up to 45-50°. On slopes steeper than 50°, the strength of a single loop becomes insufficient.
A SSU made from a double loop of 6 mm rope (point-6) has a high initial strength of 800-1000 kg, but slips on a single rope. It can only be used on a double rope.
c) Austrian catching knot. There are two forms of the knot - direct (Fig. 10 p. 1-2) and reverse (Fig. 10 p. 3-4). In the direct version, the gripping loop is wound up along the railing, and in the reverse version, down.
Rice. 10. Grasping knots
The direct version of the knot is usually used to tension the suspended crossing. In this case, it is knitted from a double 6 mm loop or from an 8 mm loop. In this case, 4-6 turns of the loop are made around the rope.
The reverse version of the knot (Fig. 10, p. 2) is often used for self-belaying on vertical railings (like a symmetrical safety net). In this case, they are limited to two, maximum three turns of the loop around the railing.
d) Bachmann knot (Fig. 11). Typically used for power operations with rope. Rarely used for self-insurance.
Rice. 11. Bachmann knot
The reliability of grasping a knot on a pull depends on the number of its wraps on the rope. Usually limited to 4 revolutions.
f) Bachmann knot with carabiner stop insert (Fig. 12). The insert significantly increases the grip of the knot on the rope.
Rice. 12. Bachmann knot with carabiner stop insert
The insert carabiner is installed so that there are at least two turns of the grasping loop at the top of the Bachman carabiner.
g) Bachmann's knot is incomplete. (Fig. 13). The first 2-3 turns the loop covers only the railing rope, and the next 2 turns cover both the rope and the carabiner.
Rice. 13. Bachmann knot is incomplete
h) Knot "Pseudobachman" (Fig. 14). All turns of the loop cover only the railing rope. The loop is then passed through the carabiner. The knot can be tied without unfastening it from the means of traction, or from the participant.
Rice. 14. Knot "Pseudobachman"
The pseudo-bangman holds well only on a taut rope, or on a rope with a suspended load. The knot holds well on a metal cable with a cross-section of more than 6 mm. On a freely hanging rope, the knot does not hold and breaks.
i) UPI node (Fig. 15). An original, fairly reliable unit. Proposed by tourists of the Ural Polytechnic Institute, author A.Yu. Yagovkin.
Rice. 15. UPI node
It is knitted like a Pseudo-Bachman, then the loop conductor is attached to the Bachman carabiner. The knot is quickly tied and used to tension single and double ropes.
j) Grasping knots on a double rope with a carabiner insert. On a double rope, the CVs, as a rule, hold better, but under heavy loads, on a wet rope and especially an ice rope, they can slip.
Rice. 16. Grasping knots on a double rope with a carabiner insert
To prevent slipping between the ropes, a carabiner is fastened at the central point of the knot, which works as a stop insert. When the knot is tightened, the double rope wraps around the carabiner bar and forms a stop. Unlike all the gripping knots listed above, the loop of this knot can be knitted from thick or even from the main rope (8-11 mm). Even HALF GRIP works well. This makes it possible to increase operating safety at high traction forces. (Developed by the author).
k) Garda knot. The two-carabiner Garda knot is used for fixing the rope, for the top fixing belay, and for self-belaying on vertical railings. Since the strength of the carabiner is stronger than the cord, it does not fray or burn out, the Garda knot is more reliable.
l1) Garda insurance (Fig. 17). With the top fixing belay, two identical carabiners are fastened with their main vertices to the rope loop of the belay point (not to the carabiner or to the ring). The method of tying a knot is shown in Fig. 17, paragraphs 1-2.
Rice. 17. Garda insurance
With top belay (Fig. 17.3), the upper end of the rope is secured to a point or to the belaying participant.
As the person being besieged rises, the rope and knot relax. The participant on the belay, holding the rope on opposite sides of the knot, pulls it through the carabiners. When the besieged falls and hangs, the guard knot pinches the rope. This ensures a fixing, top belay.
When fixing a double rope, two Garda knots are made (4 carabiners). In this case, twisting of the ropes is unacceptable.
l2) Garda self-insurance. It is used on a freely hanging (not tensioned) railing rope along a slope or in a void. The knot carabiners are fastened to the participant’s gazebo (Fig. 17 p-4).
As the knot is lifted, it relaxes and the participant pulls the ropes through it. When the knot is loaded, the rope is pinched and the participant is fixed on the railing.
ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS PARTS
Knots that tend to untie themselves when working with rope. Of the knots known in sports tourism and mountaineering, the following can be listed:
1. Straight knot. Tends to untie without control nodes, and even with control nodes in the formsemi-weaving node.
2. Clew and front clew , tied on an open loop (not on the conductor). They are prone to untying without control nodes, and even with control nodes in the formsemi-weaving node.
Knots 1-2 are prone to twisting and untying when the rope knot moves along the bends of the terrain, when it rests on the belay carabiner, when moving or lowering through the carbine knot or descender device.
3. Bowline of vertical railings. The knot is susceptible to untying without a control knot and even with a control knotsemi-weaving , if additional traction or heavy objects are attached to the bowline suspension loop, participants’ self-belays, etc.
4. Bowline of the participant's chest harness. It can come undone during a belay pull if the belay carbine is fastened not to the working end of the bowline, but to its chest loop. Inverting the knot, as in situation-3.
5. Stirrup knot , tied on a slippery round support or on a rotating beam that rotates around its axis. The knot seems to unscrew and unwind from it when the rope is loaded.
6. Double bowline blocking LSS, with loops spaced on the chest and on the gazebo , on LSS having separate gazebo and chest belt. The knot is dangerous if it is not tightened enough or if it is made of rope with a slippery braid. When a belay carabiner or suspension carabiner is fastened to the loop of a knot (on a jumar, suspended crossing, etc.), when loaded, the knot often slips and the participant’s support is transferred from the gazebo to the chest. With a tight chest girdle, this leads to dangerous tightening of the chest.
7. Double cord gripping knot . The knot is dangerous because it practically cannot be grasped on a single rope and does not provide insurance for participants on the railing. A particularly dangerous point is that this knot is recommended as reliable and mandatory for belaying on vertical railings in many tourist recommendations and rules of Tourist All-Around. In particular, in the methodology edited by V. Teploukhov, which is recognized as mandatory for implementation at TM competitions.
LITERATURE
Bolshanik, P.V. Geography of tourism [Text]: Textbook / P.V. Bolshanik. - M.: Alfa-M, 2016. - 304 p.
Sobolev, S.V. Improving the training process in sports tourism in the discipline “Pedestrian distances” [Text]: monograph / S.V. Sobolev, N.V. Soboleva, S.K. Ryabinina. – Krasnoyarsk: Sib. federal univ., 2014. – 134 p.
Trukhachev, A.V. Tourism. Introduction to tourism [Text]: textbook / A.V. Trukhachev, I.V. Taranova. – Stavropol: AGRUS Stavropol State. Agrarian University, 2013. – 396 p.
UNITS, PURPOSE AND APPLICATION
The technique of tying knots dates back to time immemorial. The oldest knots were found in Finland, they date back to the Neolithic (late Stone Age). Undoubtedly, knots were twisted by people before, but, unfortunately, they were not preserved.
Flexible materials were the main fastening aid, working with which people created products, weapons and various devices. The ability to tie knots is one of the basic necessities for a survivor of PD and in everyday life.
Nodes are sorted alphabetically
1. Austrian guide (bergshaft, butterfly, alpine bloodworm, bee, riding loop) - a knot that forms a fixed loop in the middle of the rope. Used as an intermediate support point or hitch, support for blocks. Using this knot you can easily tie up a damaged section of rope. It is very reliable and allows the application of load at an angle to the main direction of force. Has two knitting methods. Dangerous mistakes: loosely tightened, tightened with too much force, large loop.
2. Academic- a complicated type of straight knot. Used to tie two ropes of different diameters. When under heavy load, it does not tighten as much as a straight knot and is easier to untie. Requires the use of control nodes.
3. Academic harassment - a complicated type of academic node. Suitable for attaching two ropes of smaller diameter to a rope of a larger diameter.* 1994
4. Shark- a complex knot intended exclusively for tying on synthetic fishing lines. It is highly durable.
5. Amphora- knitted with a thin rope or cord on the neck of the vessel in order to facilitate its carrying by the formed handles. To tie it to the neck of a household glass jar, 1.3 m of cord is enough. Used in ancient times.
6. English(anchor bayonet, fishing bayonet) - a fishing knot, reinforced with a half-bayonet. Used for tying boats and light anchors, as well as for lifting loads. Reliable under constant tension. When the load is variable, safety knots or lashings are required. When completed, it is often reinforced with a gazebo knot.
7. English braid (monkey chain) - auxiliary knot (weaving). In tourist practice, it is used to organize pendulum crossings, climbing small plumbs of 2 - 4 m. The main application is to temporarily shorten the cable (from 4 m of cable a 1 m pigtail is obtained).
8. Apocryphal - decorative knot. The drawing of this knot was used as a screensaver in ancient Russian handwritten texts - apocrypha (secret, hidden).
9. Arcana(lasso, Honda) - a knot that forms a tightening loop at the end of a rope. Used since ancient times by nomadic peoples. This type of noose is still used by cowboys in Mexico and the southern states of the USA.
10. Armenian(half bayonet) - the knot is used for auxiliary knitting on the supporting thread. Made on the basis of a simple node. Used in the macrome weaving technique.
11. Babiy(direct false) - a primitive knot that has firmly taken root in our everyday life as a universal one. Incorrect knitting of a straight knot. Throughout the history of mankind, its use has caused a lot of trouble and even claimed many human lives. Abroad they call it “grandmother’s”, “stupid”, “calf”, “false”. Self-detaches under load. It is strictly prohibited for use as a working unit.
12. Bow(Austrian cockade) - drop knot. Typically tied to shoe laces, packaging, and decorative ribbons. Being not tightened too much, it loosens itself under load.
13. Bachmana- a knotted combination of a cord with a carabiner on the main rope. The advantage over the Prusik is that it has a simpler way of moving along the support. To do this, simply insert your thumb into the carabiner. At the same time, it is possible to move the grabber along the rope or hold on to the rung of a rope ladder. In case of failure, the Bachmann knot protects against falling. Knitted on single and double rope.
14. Double butterfly - suitable for tying a double conductor (two fixed loops) in the middle of the rope.* 1993
15. Running gazebo (running bowline) - forms a protracted loop. Rarely used instead of a noose. Holds well under variable loads. In maritime affairs, it is used to catch driftwood; it is used to search for and raise Admiralty anchors left at the bottom.
16. Running simple - the simplest knot that forms a protracted loop. When pulling on the root end, the loop is tightened, but it can be increased in size by pulling the running end away from the loop. A control node is required.
17. Gazebo- a type of bowline knot that forms a fixed loop. Of all the methods of tying cables made of various materials (hemp and steel, Dacron and Manila), the connection using two arbor knots with loops will be the most reliable. It is the basis of the chest harness. Of the several tying methods, the most rational one allows you to tie a knot with one hand, with one continuous movement of the hand in 2–3 seconds. Reduces the average strength of nylon rope by 44%.
18. Double gazebo (boatswain's, military, loop) - a knot that forms a double loop both in the middle and at the end of the cable. Does not allow you to adjust the size of the loops after tightening the knot. Used as a gazebo, as well as for laying loops on the oud.
19. Gazebo with a line (palstek with a line) - a knot used for mooring boats to mooring rings.
20. Besedochny Russian - an auxiliary unit forming two fixed loops. Used as a gazebo. Similar to the Spanish knot. It requires much more rope to perform it, although it is somewhat simpler than the Spanish one.
21. Bitengovy- knot. Used for mooring small vessels.
22. Barrel- the unit is used when loading containers that have a cylindrical shape. You can quickly tie it around a can or tank without a handle.
23. Brake clew- knot. Along with the clew, it is used to splice two ropes of different diameters. The main advantage is the relative ease of tying and untying with high strength of the connection.
24. Towing- knot. Used for attachment to a towing hook or bit. They hold up or cut off the towing line.
25. Bowline- called the "king of nodes". The name comes from the English term (The Bowline), which refers to the tackle used to pull the windward side luff of the lower straight sail. It was known to the ancient Egyptians and Phoenicians 3000 BC. Despite its amazing compactness, it contains elements of a simple, half-bayonet, weaving and straight knot. The elements of all these knots in a certain combination give the bowline the right to be called universal. The main advantage is the ease of tying and untying after removing the load. A knotted bowline has two free ends. Only the one that forms an overlapping loop in the knot, and not a simple loop, should be loaded. This knot is used for harnesses and arbors (see arbor knot) if they are tied from a cord or double sling of a cargo parachute. A simple bowline requires fixation with a control knot, as it tends to unravel. In all cases, the bowline must be tightened. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope within 45.9–49.0% (with a dry rope - 79.1 - 81.0%, wet - 76.9 - 78.1%; frozen - 54.1 -58.6% of the strength of the rope without node). Dangerous mistakes: very loosely tightened; very tight; a long free end of a rope - dangerous interweaving of loops; The loop of the knot is placed incorrectly - the loops are too short or long.
26. Double bowline - used to connect parts of the safety system. This knot can be tied in the middle of the rope, for example, when reinsuring the main linear support (rope) with the help of an additional support. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope within 45.3 - 17.2% (on a dry rope - 80.0 - 82.8%, wet - 78.7 - 80.6%, frozen - 54.7 - 60.5%). Dangerous mistakes: the same as for the bowline knot.
27. Burlatskaya loop (harness loop, Pushkar knot) - a knot that forms a non-tightening loop. Designed to apply force in any direction. It is easily tied both at the end of the cable and in its middle. Several tied knots form a ladder for climbing on a free-hanging support. Dangerous mistakes: loose knots. With a sharply applied load, a loose knot tends to turn over and slide along the cable for some time.
28. Webeleiten- resettable bleaching unit. An image of the Webeleiten knot is found in Falconnier's nautical directory (18th century).
29. Bucket- self-resetting unit. It holds under load, but after temporary removal of the load it disintegrates. It can be used to lower objects with a handle from a height.
30. Camel- a knot is used to attach a thin rope to another, thicker one. Works well for traction at any angle.
31. Water- a unit for a strong connection of two cables of the same diameter. Under heavy load it tightens. It is very difficult to untie it. The first image of this knot dates back to 1496.
32. Military(Portuguese) - a type of arbor knot. Allows you to adjust the size of the loops when seating a person.
33. Thief's knot (villainous) - similar to a straight line, but the running ends come out of it diagonally. It is not recommended to use this site as it is unreliable. In the English navy, it was tied to a duffel bag to prove theft. The thieves, mostly recruits, tied the robbed bag with a straight knot or a villainous one, violating the upper and lower positions of the running ends.
34. Eight(Savoy) - locking knot. Used for fastening in narrow holes (for example, when hanging without a carabiner on bolt hooks). During vertical descents - as a safety net at the end of the rope. Equivalent knots are obtained when knitting from both the left and right directions. Quite reliable and easy to untie. It has long been considered a symbol of melancholy or sad love. It became famous as the motto of the House of Savoy. Used in macrome weaving. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope by approximately 20%.
35. Eight one-sided - a knot forming a fixed loop. It can only be loaded in one direction and is used mainly as an auxiliary one. In caving tourism it is used for attaching transport bags to a rope.
36. Eight moving - an auxiliary knot for tying ropes of the same diameter.
37. Roman Eight - an ideal unit for organizing a hitch for additional support. The knot has been known since ancient times.
38. Eight moving - a knot for tying two ropes of equal diameter. It is easier to untie than a flat knot. This knot must be tightened and supplemented with control knots.
39. Counter- used for splicing ropes, including those of different diameters. Suitable for tying ribbons and ribbons with rope. Holds well and is easy to untie after removing the load. The use of control units on both sides is mandatory.
40. Whitened(rapeseed) - auxiliary unit. Used to secure a rope to a round support. Used in macro. Reduces the average strength of nylon rope by up to 45%, polypropylene rope by 49%.
41. Whitened with hose - similar to the tapping unit, but its running end is additionally clamped with a hose. For easy untying, end the knot with a “hose with a loop.”
42. Tie- the most popular knot with a tightening loop for tying a tie. Millions of men use it every day.
43. Big tie - a large knot with a tightening loop for tying a tie.
44. Gaffle- the knot is used to attach a rope to a cylindrical object.
45. Tackle with slag - knot. Used for lifting loads with a crane or hook.
46. Tackle- knot. Used for attaching a cable to the hook.
47. Goldobin- a knot used to connect two cables of the same thickness.
48. Grapevine(double weaving) - the most reliable knot for tying ropes of the same diameter, ribbons, knitting guy loops, and bookmark loops. This knot is especially convenient when tying a loop for self-belaying. The same knot can be used to adjust the length of the loop.
49. Garda(Guard loop) - auxiliary, support unit. Performed using two climbing carabiners. An excellent tool for insurance. Practically irreplaceable when transporting a victim. Easy to knit. Reliable on wet and clay ropes.
50. Double simple - locking unit.
51. Double-headed bloodworm - a knot that forms a fixed loop in the middle of the rope. A type of alpine guide. Very reliable. It is used as an intermediate support point on traverses, railings, and carrying around obstacles (waterfalls) on plumbs. Dangerous mistakes: loosely tightened, tightened with too much force, large loop.
52. Double conductor (hare ears) - a knot that forms a double fixed loop. Used for hanging simultaneously by two independent supports (bolt hooks). The unit allows adjustment and adjustment of the size of the loops until a uniform load is achieved on both supports.
53. Double loop - fishing knot. Used to splice two cords with loops. The latter are formed by surgical nodes according to the principle of an oak loop.
54. Double stevedore (stevedoring tie) - a knot is used for splicing fishing gear. Knitted from two stevedoring knots according to the grapevine principle.
55. Nine- a knot that forms a fixed loop at the end of a rope. Used for fastening with a carabiner. *1968
56. Diameter conductor - serves to form two fixed loops in diametrically opposite directions from the direction of the root end of the rope.* 1997
57. Docker- auxiliary unit. Used to tie together cables of different diameters.
58. Oak- a knot applicable only in exceptional cases for connecting two cables. The only positive quality is the speed of tying and relative reliability. Significantly weakens the strength of the rope. Not suitable for tying synthetic ropes and fishing lines.
59. Oak staircase - simple knitting of a series of oak knots. It is used in exceptional cases for descent or ascent on small plumbs. A prerequisite is to securely fasten the running end in the lower position after successively passing through oak loops. The only positive feature is the speed of tying and relative reliability. After use, it is extremely difficult to untie. Further use of the used rope as a working rope is prohibited due to its weakening.
60. Veined- an auxiliary unit that serves for reliable tying on nylon and other fishing lines. Known since the 19th century.
61. Vein loop - a knot that forms a fixed loop at the end of the thread. Suitable for thin fishing lines.
62. Western mark - one of the reliable ways to fasten the end of a cable with a synthetic thread.
63. Gripper- a half variation of the snake knot. Used for tying two synthetic cables. It is suitable for any fishing line and is a reliable knot.
64. Zigzag- auxiliary unit. Mainly used for securing and pulling high stacks of cargo in an open truck bed equipped with high racks.
65. Villainous- a knot that has been known for a long time, in different parts and under different names. Can be tied with a double folded rope. The best among similar robber and pirate nodes.
66. Snake- serves for connecting two cables made of any materials.
67. Spanish(boatswain's) - an auxiliary knot that forms two loops. Used as a gazebo. It should be taken into account that small loops when tightening the main ends can be pulled through the knot and break its symmetry. Therefore, the Spanish-arbor knot should always be treated with caution.
68. Cabbest loop - a node that has two qualities. During the main knitting, it forms a tightening loop. But with further formation, a strong jerk on the running end and the side opposite to the latter, the loop changes its characteristics and turns into a fixed loop.
69. Cossack- a type of Kalmyk knot. Reliable self-tightening knot.
70. Californian - the knot was invented in the early seventies of the 20th century by amateur fishermen in California for tying hooks, swivels and sinkers to nylon fishing line.
71. Kalmyk- practical and reliable self-tightening, resettable knot. It does not appear in any of the many manuals on knot tying published abroad. It is used to attach reins to a bridle, as well as for tying horses in the stable. It is used in the practice of the Russian fleet. The Kalmyk knot is quick and easy to knit and can be untied instantly.
72. Shackled(double top) - a knot that forms two loops. Its name in English means "handcuffs". The node can serve the same purpose.
73. Capuchin("bloody knot", locking braid) - locking knot. Used for fastening in narrow holes when mounted without a carabiner using bolt hooks). Used in emergency situations. The knot is quite reliable and easy to untie. The number of knots in a knot can be increased to nine; such knots were used by the Incas as knot writing (khipu). In the Middle Ages, they were tied by Capuchin monks at the ends of the cords that were used to girdle their cassocks. During the sailing fleet and until 1944, the British Army tied rope whips (cats) at the ends of their braids, intended for punishment. Often used as a decorative knot. Used in the macrome weaving technique.
74. Carbine knot - combination of a gripping unit with a carabiner. When the load is removed, it moves more easily along the rope than the Bachmann knot. Works well on wet and icy ropes. In the event of a fall, the carabiner assembly delays the movement of the carabiner and protects it from falling. Knitted on double and single ropes.
75. Swing- self-tightening reliable knot. Doesn't unravel with multiple pulls. The strength of the rope is reduced slightly.
76. Dagger- one of the best knots for tying two large diameter plant cables. It is not difficult to untie if you loosen one of the outer loops.
77. Bollard- knot. Used for laying cable on a bollard.
78. Bollard with a loop - quickly resettable sea knot. Used for laying cable on a bollard.
79. Cobra- non-tightening knot. Used to splice two cables of the same diameter. Easily unties when removing the load. Springs under variable loads.* 1997
80. Bed bayonet- non-tightening knot. Holds securely and is easy to untie. Used in the navy for attaching hanging bunks.
81. Peg(leg of lamb) - auxiliary knot. Used to shorten cables. Durable and reliable only under load.
82. Peg with welding units - auxiliary unit. Used to shorten cables. More reliable than a leg of lamb.
83. Thomas's Peg (skrot) - auxiliary unit. It is used to shorten the cable temporarily, as well as to eliminate a section of cable with questionable strength.
84. Mosquito- connecting node. Forms two non-tightening loops at the junction of ropes of equal diameter. Knitted with running ends folded in half, laid towards each other.* 1993
85. Compromise- a knot used to tie the ends of cables of different diameters.
86. Constrictor(boa constrictor) - used to connect a rope with an object into two encircling loops. It drags on a lot. Doesn't come loose well.
87. Double constrictor - serves to securely connect the rope to the object in three encircling loops. It is very tight and very difficult to untie.
88. Super constrictor - serves to securely connect the rope to the object in four encircling loops. It drags on a lot. It is extremely difficult to untie the knot.
89. Cordovy- auxiliary and decorative unit. Knitted on one rope.
90. Cow(inverted bayonet) - a good knot for tensioning fences. Used in marine applications for fastening cables under load. 91. Royal - locking knot.
92. Crown(wreath) - an ancient decorative knot. Successive application of a series of crown knots forms a circular braid; alternately changing the directions of the threads produces a faceted braid.
93. Short splash - the most durable connection of the two ends of the cables.
94. Koushny- a sea knot consisting of two parts. Used to attach the cable to the ring.
95. Cat's paw- support unit. Used for laying the cable in the hook. Does not come off after application and removal of load. It holds tightly if the force is applied evenly to both parts. Known since the 18th century.
96. Crab loop(lingering fire) - a knot that has two qualities, like a capstone loop. During the main knitting, it forms a tightening loop. With further formation, a strong tug on the running end and the diagonal side of the loop turns into a non-tightening loop.
97. Kungur- designed for simple splicing of rope ends of the same diameter in difficult conditions (poor visibility). It is simple to perform, easy to untie, and has no sharp bends. Requires control (safety) units.
98. Courier- the unit is designed for strong traction and quick return. Not recommended for use as self-resetting. This knot is more difficult to reset than others.
99. Kuchersky- a knot well known to transport workers, drivers and skippers of small barges. It cannot be replaced when there is a need to secure high stacks on platforms, boats, etc. It simply releases and is removed.
100. Petal- forms a loop in the middle of the rope. The ease of knitting and reliability are comparable to a driving loop.
101. Shop- marine quick-release unit. Used to attach the cable to the board.
102. Liana- a reliable knot for tying cables. Holds tightly under very heavy loads. It is very easy to untie after removing the load if you move any of the loops along the corresponding root end. Holds on synthetic fishing line. If, when forming a knot, you alternately load the root and running ends with a jerk, it turns into a knot that is difficult to untie, weakening the rope, which is called a “square” knot. The second method of tying a liana knot, proposed in the early nineties by V. Goldobin (Perm), first forms a so-called “transformer”, and after tightening by the running ends - a classic liana knot.
103. Link winding - a type of Prusik knot. The best knot for tying stretch marks, allows you to adjust the tension of the fastening. Used for tying packages.
104. Liselny- used for attaching a cable to a round spar. It got its name from the additional sails that were placed on each side of the straight sails.
105. Salmon- a knot for tying fishing hooks. Holds securely on any fishing line.
106. Lotus(Chinese, four-sided Japanese) - decorative knot. Used in the macrome weaving technique. Unlike cord, it is knitted on two ropes.
107. Archer(Turkish loop) - a knot for regulating the tension of a bow string. One of the oldest and most amazing knots invented by man. It is tied on a loop of the bowstring with a special additional vein at one of the ends of the bow.
108. Marinera- a specific drop-down climbing unit. Used in difficult situations to create temporary support for a canopy. Allows you to extend a cable under load, secure it to a more reliable support, place it on a winch, etc. After performing operations with the main rope, it allows you to smoothly, without jerking, transfer the load and quickly remove the temporary structure of the assembly.
109. Brand- auxiliary unit. It is used to fasten rope laid in a coil, the so-called marking in a classical manner.
110. Climbing stamp - auxiliary unit. Used for pitching ropes up to 40 meters long. It is used to fasten the coil with one of the ends of the laid rope.
111. Alpine stamp - auxiliary unit. Serves for quick rope swinging.
112. Polish stamp (transport grade) - a special auxiliary unit. Used for pitching climbing ropes over 40m long. The initial laying is carried out in loops of 2–3 m. The resulting coil is folded in half before knitting. The shoulder straps are knitted from the two free ends.
113. Transport stamp (brand in French) - auxiliary unit. Serves for pitching ropes up to 80 m long. This is a special marking for carrying the rope on the back. Straps are knitted from the two free ends.
114. Shuttle brand - auxiliary unit. Used for pitching ropes longer than 60m. Complemented (controlled) with a straight knot.
115. Melnichny- the most common knot for tying bags. It is tightened tightly and quickly untied by pulling out the loop of the running end.
116. Bag- in the English Navy, this knot was used for tying and carrying canvas duffel bags (kiss).
117. Multiple eight - used in cases where it is necessary to temporarily shorten the cable or exclude an unreliable part of it from operation.
118. Artillery bloodworm (French clew) - an auxiliary knot that forms a non-tightening single loop. Designed for tying at the end of the cable into any eyelet. More convenient for this application than a burlatsky loop or a grass loop.
119. Wet half-bayonet - a unit designed for strong traction and quick return. Easily resets when pulled tight and wet.
120. Nauzel- new node. Suitable for tying ropes of the same diameter. * 1996
121. Nautilus- non-tightening knot. When the load is removed, it can be easily untied. Serves for reliable splicing of two cables of the same diameter. Significantly less weakens the strength of the rope than similar knots. * 1995
122. Monkey fist - auxiliary unit. In the navy it is used to make light weights for ejection. By weighing down the lightness with a wooden ball or rubber ball, they increase the throwing range when delivering a throw and improve the buoyancy of the lightness itself, which is especially important when assisting someone who has fallen overboard.
123. Winding- one of the grasping nodes. In tourist practice, it is used on the main rope when preparing a crossing.
124. Ogop with eight - an auxiliary knot that forms a loose loop. Used on very elastic and slippery synthetic rope. Has two knitting methods.
125. One-sided nine - auxiliary unit for rigid cord and synthetic fishing line. Can only be loaded in one direction.* 1976
126. Olympic- a knot consisting of five closed loops. Serves to temporarily shorten the cable. It is an ancient maritime hub from the times of tea, opium and wool clippers. The English name of the knot is translated very figuratively - “two hearts beating as one.”
127. Hunter (cross) - connecting node. Holds excellently on all cables and thin synthetic lines. Can be used to connect the middle of two ropes of the same diameter at an angle of 90°. Number of working ends - 4.
128. Batch- resembles a grass knot. Designed for quick knitting. Durable. Used for packaging.
129. Fawn- a convenient knot for securing the falline of a boat or boat to a pole, biteng or single bollard.
130. Fawn bayonet- a popular knot in sailing. Used for fastening the cable to the pole.
131. Penberthy- a type of Prusik knot. Used by Polish and English climbers and speleologists in the same way as the main knot.
132. Looped(horizon) - auxiliary unit. Used in the macrame technique.
133. Loopy- a knot that allows you to create a series of loops on the cord. Used by anglers when fishing with several hooks at once.
134. Mountain loop (loop with blockade) - the knot forms a non-tightening, movable loop.
135. Picket- knot. Used to secure the cable to a round support.
136. Pirate- resettable unit. It consists of loops that, when loaded at the root end, clamp and hold each other. If you pull the running end, the structure loses its locking loop and immediately falls apart.
137. Pythons(masons, ocean) - the knot is used to tie two transverse slats. It can be used to build a fence. The connections will be stronger than with nails.
138. Flat(Josephine's knot) - a knot characterized by symmetry. Used for tying ropes and hummocks of different diameters. It is tied correctly if the connected ends are intertwined with each other in strict sequence, in other words, they go through one under another. The name comes from French. In the old days they were used to tie ties, sashes, and decorative elements of military uniforms. Theoretically, it can be tied in different ways, there are a large number of options, this is its danger. Practice shows that not every knot from this number is tied according to the principle of a flat knot and will hold securely. In the absence of control nodes, a flat knot changes its shape under heavy load and is difficult to untie.
139. Flat double - used for strong connection of thin cables.
140. Leash running - a unit for attaching a transverse leash to a fishing line.
141. Snake leash - fishing knot. Used to securely attach a cross leash to a fishing line.
142. Simple leash - fishing knot. Allows you to quickly change cross leads on a fishing line.
143. Fire escape (pendant with musings) - a technique for simultaneously tying a large number of simple knots. It is used for quick descent from board into a boat, to help a person who has fallen overboard, as well as in other emergency situations. The technique consists of placing 5 - 7 pegs on the palm of the left hand. Having passed the running end through the loops, slowly, without jerking, pulling out the running end forms a chain of simple knots. This method is often used by illusionists.
144. Half bayonet fisherman - a popular knot among yachtsmen. Knitted on a round support (pal).
145. Polish- a knot used for tying thin cables.
146. Portuguese gazebo - a unit that, if necessary, replaces a real gazebo.
147. Conductor (oak loop) - forms a fixed loop at the end of the rope. In tourism practice, it is used to secure a cable with a carabiner. It is not recommended to use it in the middle of the rope due to significant weakening at the location of the knot and the great difficulty of untying it after applying a load. There are two known methods of knitting: with a loop and with one end. The knot reduces the average strength of a dry rope by 78.3 - 80.75%; when wet - by 75.9 - 78.35%; when frozen by - 52.2 - 57.3%. Dangerous mistakes: very loosely tightened; very tight; very long free end.
148. Simple stamp - a method of protecting the end of a cable from unraveling.
149. Pyatigorsk gazebo (double conductor) - a reliable knot forming two fixed loops. Suitable for lowering a victim, as well as for tying a double lanyard loop. *1997
150. Simple(ordinary) - an elementary, universal knot. In ancient times it was called "kalach". The Old Russian name has been preserved for pastries made from dough folded in the form of this knot. Depending on how it is tied, a simple knot can be left or right. The left knot (“through the hand”) was considered a symbol of a well-fed life. Used as a safety net on the running ends of cables. Tourists call this knot a “bayonet” - from the distorted English “stack”. When tightened in the middle of the cable, it greatly weakens the rope and is difficult to untie, so it is not recommended to use it on working cables. If the tightened knot can be untied, the weak point on the rope remains. The knot reduces the average strength of nylon rope to 63%, tirilennoy - by 55%; polypropylene - by 57%.
151. Straight(Hercules) - auxiliary unit. Used for tying cables of the same thickness with low traction. It is considered correct when the ends of each rope run parallel and together, and the root ends are directed directly opposite to each other. Tends to untie itself when the rope is loaded. Tying two ropes of different diameters with a straight knot is prohibited, since a thin rope will tear a thick one under load. Control nodes are required at both ends. Characterized by symmetry. Used in the macrame weaving technique. Reduces the average strength of nylon rope by approximately 63%; terylene - by 55%.
152. Prusik(Prusik knot) - tied with a cord with a diameter of 6 - 7 mm around 9 - 14 mm of the main rope. As it ascends or descends, it moves with its hand. In the event of a fall, the prusik is tightened on the safety rope and protects it from falling. Triggers under loads in any direction. In addition to belaying, the Prusik can also be used directly when climbing a rope. Does not work well on wet and icy support. Reduces the average strength of the rope in the range of 46.9 - 26.55 (with a dry rope - 69.1 - 73.5%; with a wet rope - 67.3 - 70.4%; with a frozen rope - 53.1 - 54.3%). Dangerous mistakes: the second turn goes in the opposite direction relative to the first; the ends of the turns of the auxiliary rope do not extend from the middle of the knot; knitted from a rope of a larger diameter than the diameter of the supporting one.
153. Drunk- a knot that forms two tightening loops. When the running and root ends are pulled, the loops are tightened. When a load is applied to the loops, the knot unravels.
154. Robber- resettable unit. They tied the reins to the horse. The principle is the same as the villain and pirate nodes.
155. Untied Eight - good quick release unit.
156. Untied running layup - a common node. It has the properties of a tightening and quick-release knot. It is with this knot that the horse's bridle is tied to the hitching post.
157. Untying simple - the simplest locking unit that can be quickly released even with a tensioned cable.
158. Weber's Untied (untying clew, untying weaving) - derived from the clew knot. Received its name in 1794. Easily resets under load.
159. Versatile - derived from the bowline knot. The running ends are directed in different directions. Used to tie two ropes of the same diameter.
160. Reef- a complicated type of straight knot. Easy to reset unit. Used for tying cables of the same diameter with low traction. If necessary, securing the rope in a carabiner under load is simply irreplaceable. Easily tied and untied under significant load, holds securely on dry and ice-free ropes. Reduces the average strength of the rope by 46.5 - 20.5% (with dry rope - 74.8 - 79.5%; with wet rope - 72.9 - 77.8%; with frozen rope - 53.5 - 57.2 %). Dangerous mistakes: the ends are not connected in the direction of long ropes, individual loops are poorly tied.
161. Reef double - a complicated type of reef knot. Reduces the average strength of the rope within 45.0 - 20.0% (with dry rope - 76.0 - 80.0%; with wet rope - 70.4 - 79.6%; with frozen rope - 55.0 - 58.1 %).
162. Roller- a combination of a simple knot and a multiple figure eight. The knot is used to tie a leash to a fishing line.
163. Fisherman's loop (English loop, fishing ogon) - a knot used by fishermen. It is used by sailors instead of factory fire. When tightening, the knots must be brought closer together.
164. Ryndbulin- method of weaving in four strands (crosses are applied, alternating left and right directions of weaving).
165. Self-tightening - the simplest form of a noose made from a simple knot. It must be used with great caution. It holds only when it is tied around a log and constant force is applied to the root end. This knot is used to hang bags of grain or cereal in warehouses to protect them from rodents. By pulling the running end of the cable down from under the clamp and releasing it, the suspended bag can be smoothly lowered.
166. Self-tightening with half bayonet - a rarely used self-tightening knot. More reliable than the previous one.
167. Pile(pile) - fastening unit. Used when it is necessary to pass a tool that has a handle to someone working above or below the feeder. This knot is used to attach a temporary rope fence to poles or stakes. Used in macrame.
168. Swastastic- decorative knot.
169. Soybean bayonets (sezen) - sea knot. It is used for lashing the stowed sails on the forecastle to the rails, on the gaff and boom. Using the same knots, the sails are securely laced to the spar through grommets on the luffs.
170. Silk- tightening loop. The knot is considered one of the smoothest and easiest to tighten. Snares made from horsehair or the thinnest nylon fishing line using such a knot work flawlessly.
171. Scout(Baden-Poveyala) - an auxiliary knot, used to tie four poles when building a hut or wigwam.
172. Sliding eight - a very tight loop. It tightens smoothly and evenly when pulling at the root end.
173. Sliding blind loop - used for tying bales, parcels and other packaging.
174. Furrier- a unit designed for heavy loads. Used for tying synthetic ropes and fishing lines. It tightens tightly, but comes undone without much difficulty.
175. Perfect loop (angler's loop) - a knot that forms a fixed loop at the end of the cable. Doesn't slip even on the thinnest synthetic fishing line. Known since 1870.
176. Sleepy- the knot can be used to tie two cables of the same diameter. After removing even a very heavy load, it can be easily untied.* 1996
177. Union- a combination of two “eternal knots” (“knots of happiness”). It was revered as a symbol of marriage. Known since the 3rd millennium BC.
178. Stem- auxiliary unit. Used for tying ropes of the same diameter. Reliable and easy to untie. A type of grass knot. * 1997
179. Steling- knot. Used for attaching a board as a hanging bench or temporary bench.
180. Stevedoring- a locking unit of considerable size. When tightening this knot, you need to make sure that the hoses at the root end do not twist and slip into the loop. A tight knot is easier to untie if you pull the loop that is closer to the root end. The knot became famous thanks to a manual on tying knots issued in the 19th century by the American rope company Stinidor Ropes.
181. Stopper- used to fasten one rope to another under load, to transfer the load to another fastening device. Preferably a retractable bayonet. Faster and easier to untie. When working with a rope under load, speed often plays a decisive role in the success of the entire operation.
182. Stopper Gondobina - a knot with an equal number of loops and hoses. A complicated version of a simple knot. Three loops and three hoses increase the size compared to one loop and one hose, which allows you to securely fix the rope in fairly wide holes.
183. Locking movable - sequential combination of two nodes. Serves for tying a thin line to shrouds and other tensioned cables.
184. Stepped- a knot that resembles a tightening noose. Most securely attaches fishing line to a forged fishing hook without an eye.
185. Stratim- auxiliary symmetrical unit. Knitted as a central support (musing) on short lengths of rope. * 1997.
186. Stirrup- universal auxiliary unit in combination with various supports. It is used as a support for the foot when climbing the main rope using grabbers or grasping knots tied from a rope. Under heavy load it grabs, but does not tighten. It differs from the bleached knot only in the method of knitting. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope by up to 40%. Dangerous mistakes: too many turns of rope; two loops folded incorrectly.
187. Sumer- a reliable unit for connecting two cables of the same diameter. Slightly weakens the strength of ropes.* 1997
188. Deadly- incorrect knitting of a weaver's (fisherman's) knot. Creates the appearance of a knotted connection between two ropes.
189. Grasping- climbing knot. Easily moves along the main rope, with a slight pull of the “lock”. Loaded at both ends, it securely clamps (grabs) the main rope. The working knot must be knitted with a rope of smaller diameter (rep cord) on a rope almost twice as large (main). The root end should always be in relation to the node on the side where the load is applied. Dangerous errors: the same as for the Prusik knot.
190. Austrian Oblique Grasping - the knot has grasping properties. It must be knitted with a rope of smaller diameter on a rope almost twice as large. The first description dates back to 1840.
191. Tarbuka- a unit developed by Western tourists for cases of carrying heavy loads in parts.
192. Mother-in-law- a type of woman's knot. It is strictly prohibited for use as a working unit. Doesn't hold up under load. It should not be used under any circumstances.
193. Tester- complicated design of the mother-in-law knot. Can be used to splice cables of the same diameter. Definitely requires pre-tightening.*1996
194. Tkatsky(fisherman's, loess, English) - a knot known since ancient times. Used for splicing ropes of the same diameter with low traction. Control nodes on both sides are required. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope within 46.9 - 23.0% (with a dry rope - 73.4 - 77.0%; with a wet rope - 70.4 - 74.%; with a frozen rope - 53.1 - 54.1 %). Dangerous mistakes: the ends are not connected in the direction of the long ropes; individual loops are poorly tied.
195. Thomas(stupid Thomas) - a false knot that cannot be used to fasten anything.
196. Top(non-retractable stirrup) - a knot used as a stirrup when lifting with grasping knots. It does not have the drawback of the bleaching unit (self-unraveling when the load is temporarily removed). It knits easily and then fits snugly around the leg.
197. Top triple - an auxiliary grasping unit forming three loops. Knitted at the end of a pole or log prepared for vertical installation as a mast or flagpole. The guy wires are tied to the loops of the knot, and the fourth is the root end, to which the running gear is short-tied,
198. Top four-loop - an auxiliary knot forming four loops. Knitted at the end of a pole or log prepared for vertical installation as a mast or flashpole on four guy wires. All four guy wires are tied to the loops of the knot. *1997
199. End- auxiliary unit. Knits in the middle of the cable. Suitable for lifting loads. * 1998
200. Herbal- auxiliary unit. Used for tying flat slings or belts. Reliable and easy to untie. Has two knitting methods.
201. Grass loop - a type of non-tightening single loop. Just like the burlat and riding loop, it is designed for traction in any direction. Can be tied in the middle of the rope.
202. Transformer - auxiliary unit. Can take three different forms. It transforms depending on which ends you jerk to tighten the already formed knot.
203. Ladder(storm ladder) - a method of tying a short suspended ladder. A ladder 2 m long is knitted from 12 m of cable with a diameter of 12–14 mm.
208. Tuna- the best among all fishing knots designed for synthetic fishing line.
209. Turkish- decorative knot. Often knitted with double rope. The basis of the Turkish braid.
210. Noose(Zimmerman) - used for fastening the cable to supports, mainly trees or logs. Reliable if the rope is constantly tensioned (braces, crossings). When the load is variable, safety knots or lashings are required. Differs in accuracy of fixation. It is used in optics when it is necessary to tie a thread to a strictly defined location. The knot reduces the average strength of nylon rope by up to 45%; terylene - by 35%; polypropylene - by 43%.
211. Noose tightening (gallows knot, Jack Ketch) - a sea knot similar to a scaffold knot. He became notorious in connection with the name of an English executioner who died in 1680. Used when temporarily attaching a cable to objects floating in the water or to a bit. This knot has an advantage over a noose with a half-bayonet: the running end cannot slip out of the loop. On sailboats it was used for fastening the main ends of topsails and topsails, when it was necessary to have these ends ready for release. The number of revolutions of the running end varies from 7 to 13.
212. Noose with half bayonets (forest, log) - a knot proven by centuries of experience. Serves for safe lifting of logs and timber. It is always knitted slightly away from the middle of the log (pipe). The slack of the cable between the noose and the half-bayonets must be selected before lifting. The half-pins must be laid along the descent of the cable.
213. UIAA(Baumgartner) - a knot officially approved in 1971 by a decision of the International Mountaineering Union. Used for dynamic belaying using a climbing carabiner. Only used on soft, elastic rope. When placing turns of cable into the carabiner, the direction of a possible jerk is strictly taken into account.
214. Oyster- a locking unit of considerable size. The peculiarity of knitting is two steps: tightening the running simple knot, the second tightening after passing the running end into the loop. If the knot is tightened in one step, it will not form correctly. Due to its symmetry, it is used for fastening the strings of musical instruments.
215. Ear- universal fishing knot for fishing lines. The strength of the connection is reduced by 96%.
216. Earreverse - a fishing knot, a complicated way of attaching a fishing line to the eye of the tackle.
217. Earcheckpoint - fishing node. Used for attaching large hooks. The strength of the connection is reduced by 85%.
218. Earwith a reverse - a fishing knot for attaching fishing line to the eye of the tackle. The strength of the connection is reduced by 96%.
219. Fall- is considered a reliable knot for attaching a cable to a round spar.
220. Flemish(counter figure eight) - used for splicing ropes of the same diameter. It is very reliable and therefore does not require a safety knot. It just ties and unties. It has two execution methods.
221. Van- a knot whose main tying element resembles a gazebo knot. It is used in cases where it is necessary to tighten the cable with twice the strength.
222. Franciscan - weighting unit for the end of the cable. Popular in sailing when casting mooring lines. In the past, Franciscan friars tied these knots at the ends of waist ropes.
223. French blocker (French noose) - climbing knot. Used as a reliable self-belay on a vertical support.
224. French top - knot. Forms two loops and two ends on the ship's mast for attaching three standing rigging gear.
228. Czech- new node. Used to connect three ropes of the same diameter.
229. Four-loop - symmetrical decorative knot.
230. Articulated- auxiliary unit. Can be used for tying ropes, both different and identical in diameter.
231. Miner's- a simple, reliable unit. Holds well under constant load. Used to attach a rope to a round support.
232. Swiss guide (double figure eight, Flemish loop) - forms a loop at the end of the rope. Used for fastening with a climbing carabiner. It does not have the disadvantages of a node called “conductor”. In addition to being easy to tie, it has increased strength (by about 10%) compared to many other knots. There are two methods of knitting - loop and one end.
233. Shew- a knot found in ancient Egyptian drawings. Designed for tying cables or ropes of different thicknesses with low traction. Reduces the average strength of nylon rope by up to 47%, terylene rope by 51%, and polypropylene rope by 59%.
234. Hose with a loop(boat) - an auxiliary, simplest unit. Easily untied after removing the load. Used as a temporary fastening of rope to objects under very moderate loads.
235. Bobbin- a unit for attaching thread to the bobbin and fishing line to the turret.
236. Double straight bayonet (crossed fishing bayonet) - a knot for tensioning the cable. It is used when it is necessary to ensure diagonal or horizontal movement of a person or load along tightly stretched railings. Used to guide stretch marks.
237. Inverted bayonet - auxiliary unit. Used to tie a rope to an object. The running end after the second peg goes in the opposite direction and, as a result, the knot stretches.
238. Simple bayonet- auxiliary unit. Under load, it greatly weakens the rope and becomes untied with great difficulty. If the tightened knot can be untied, the weak point on the rope remains. It is not recommended to use it on working ropes. Reduces the average strength of nylon rope by up to 63%; tyrilenova - by 55%; polypropylene - by 57%.
239. Retractable bayonet (mast bayonet) - a reliable unit under constant load. Used to secure ropes to supports, mainly trees or logs. If the load is variable, it must be supplemented with a safety unit.
240. Bayonet with hose - a type of simple bayonet. Used for fastening ropes, mainly to trees or logs. Reliable under constant load (stretch marks, crossings). When the load on the rope is variable, safety knots or lashings are required. It is used extremely rarely as a working node.
241. Reverse bayonet - auxiliary unit. It is used when mooring ships, as well as for attaching a cable to objects when it is very difficult to enclose the end of the cable around a stick or log. It is used for tying a cable to the towing hook of some car brands.
242. Mast bayonet - a combination of two nodes. To prevent the knot from becoming too tight, do not tighten the bleaching completely.
246. Flag- auxiliary drop unit. The signal flag, rolled up and tied with a halyard, is raised and at the right moment unfurled and secured. Flags of solidarity and maritime etiquette are never raised this way.
247. Tatting(eye) - exclusively an auxiliary support unit. Reliable under tension. The root end should always be in relation to the node on the side where the load is applied. Used in the navy using the macrame weaving technique. It got its name from an ancient craft - frivrolite or shuttle lace.
248. Eskimo loop - a knot that forms a non-tightening loop. The Eskimos used this loop to attach the string to the bow. The size of the loop can be changed after the knot has been tied.
249. Scaffold(Lynch knot) - an auxiliary knot that forms a tightening loop.
250. Ashley(Ashley knot, tightening) - auxiliary knot. Doesn't rattle after it's tightened, holds securely without additional tightening. It is used for tying bags, sailing bags (kitty bags), for applying a stamp or daisy in a hurry.
251. Southern Cross(sea cross) - a knot that forms three loops and two ends around a round support. It was used in the old days for the same purposes as the top one. Sailors revere this knot as a talisman.
252. Yufersny- knot. Used for fastening in narrow holes. Used in emergency situations. Fixed in cracks or crevices of rocks when descending from plumbs. Knitted as a safety net at the end of a rope. Quite reliable and easy to untie. In the sailing fleet, this knot was tied at the end of the lanyard to secure the latter in the hole of the deadeye.
253. Yampol- a knot that forms fixed loops both in the middle and at the end of the cable. By repeating the knitting technique, you can get from one to four or more equal loops, while maintaining the unity of the knot structure. * 1998
In tourism, sometimes a person cannot do without a rope. Yes, this thing seems simple. But sometimes it adds so much comfort that it is impossible to imagine your life without it. It can be useful in a huge number of cases. If you need to dry your sleeping bags, a rope will help you.
She will also be a friend in building a rain shelter. And these are just standard tasks. And how many other, more unique cases are there in which rope can become an indispensable tool! Moreover, it is also convenient. But you need to know how to use it. And one of the aspects that is associated with ropes is tying the right tourist knots.
This article contains the simplest, but at the same time useful links. They will be able to solve most of the problems on tourist trips.
There are many ways to tie two ropes of the same thickness.
How to knit joints for ropes of different lengths?
Tourists have situations when they need to make one big rope out of several small ropes. In this case, you need to use these methods.
How to secure a rope to a rigid base?
A hard base can be whatever your heart desires. These are usually vertical oblong objects such as trees or stakes. This is an excellent basis for tying a knot, which is used by a large number of tourists.
A fairly good way to tie a rope on a rigid base is a bayonet due to its simplicity. This connection is a rigid loop that is not only easy to tie, but also untied. Given connection requires control nodes, but they can be replaced using an additional “half bayonet”. If, for example, you don’t want the connection to slide along the base, then a “noose” knot is good.
In everyday life, we often encounter the need to pack, secure or tie something. Usually in such a situation we pick up a string and begin to enthusiastically come up with unimaginable designs from knots, twists and weaves, which are then absolutely impossible to untangle. So let's learn how to tie a few more popular knots.
Gazebo knot
This is one of the main knots with which the bow string has been attached since ancient times. It is sometimes called the king of knots for its simplicity and versatility. Used to obtain a non-tightening (!) loop at the end of a straight rope, for attaching a rope to rings or eyes, for tying ropes.
Simple bayonet
The “Simple Bayonet” knot also allows you to tie a non-tightening loop, and it is used mainly in those places that require particularly reliable fastening. For example, such units have long been used in the navy to secure mooring lines to mooring fixtures, to secure towing ropes and heavy loads, and so on.
Tautline
If you need to tie something, but subsequently be able to adjust the length of the rope, then a special knot will come to the rescue, allowing you to easily change the size of the loop. It is especially often used by tourists for setting up tents and stretching awnings.
Eight
This is a traditional knot used whenever you need to attach something to a rope. It is easy to knit, it can withstand heavy loads, and later such a knot can be quite easily untied to free the rope.
The Figure Eight knot has two options. The first is used in cases where you have one free end. It looks quite complicated, but once you figure out the sequence of actions just once, everything will work out by itself.
The second option can be used when both ends of the rope are free. This knot is so simple that you can tie it with your eyes closed, and at the same time it is completely secure.
Driver node
A truly legendary knot that has many different names and even more practical applications. This knot is used in construction work, during transportation, in tourism and other cases when you need to secure something tightly and firmly.
For those readers who find it difficult to navigate the animated drawings, there are additional instructions containing static photos of each step. You can find it at this link.
What other nodes do you consider practically useful and necessary to master?
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