Chuvash Republic region. The largest rivers of Chuvashia: Sura, Tsivil, Kubnya, Bula, Abyss. Tributaries of the Volga within Chuvashia are

Chuvashia occupies the north-eastern part of the Volga Upland with the Chuvash plateau, strongly dissected by ravines and gullies, which abruptly ends towards the Volga. In the west and southwest, the plateau passes into the Sursky trough; on the left bank of the Volga, on the territory of the republic, there is a part of the marshy Mari Lowland.

The Chuvash Republic is part of the Volga Federal District. The administrative center is Cheboksary.

The territory of the republic is 18,343 km2, the population (as of January 1, 2017) is 1,235,863 people.

Surface water resources

The water bodies of Chuvashia belong to the Caspian Sea basin - the Volga basin.

The river network of the republic is represented by 2,356 rivers with a total length of 8,650 km (the density of the river network is 0.47 km/km 2), most of which are small rivers and streams. The rivers of Chuvashia are characterized by mixed feeding with a predominance of snow. The rivers belong to the Eastern European type of water regime, which is characterized by spring floods with a sharp increase in water level, summer-autumn low water, interrupted by rain floods, and winter low water. The rivers freeze in November and open in April. The largest rivers of the republic are the Volga and its tributaries of the first and second order - the Sura and Alatyr (a tributary of the Sura). About a quarter of the republic's territory is located within the basin of the Tsivil River, a right tributary of the Volga.

According to data as of January 1, 2015, 39.4 thousand m 3 /day was produced and extracted from underground water bodies of Chuvashia during the year, including 17.1 thousand m 3 /day in the fields. is 7.95%.

Provision of population with water resources (according to 2015 data)

The provision of the population of Chuvashia with river flow resources is 64.369 thousand m 3 /year per person, which is higher than both the Russian average (31.717 thousand m 3 /year per person) and the indicator of the Volga Federal District (8.533 thousand m 3 /year per person ).

The provision of predicted groundwater resources is 0.509 m 3 /day per person, which is lower than the Russian average (5.94 m 3 /day per person) and the federal district indicator (2.856 m 3 /day per person). According to this indicator, Chuvashia ranks last among the regions of the federal district.

Below is the dynamics of the provision of river flow resources to the population of Chuvashia in 2010–2015.

Water use (as of 2015)

The withdrawal of water resources from all types of natural sources in Chuvashia is 99.07 million m3, most of which is taken from surface water bodies - 85.34 million m3 or 86.14%, which is 0.11% of the annual river flow. Below is the dynamics of fresh water intake in Chuvashia in 2010–2015.

The total water losses during transportation in the republic are 2.27 million m3 or 2.29% of withdrawn water, which is lower than both the federal district figure (5.42%) and the Russian average (11.02%). Below is the dynamics of water losses during transportation in the region in 2010–2015.

– 96.78 million m3. A significant part of the water was used for drinking and domestic needs, as well as industrial needs (47.94% and 34%, respectively), agricultural water supply and irrigation accounted for 1.73% and 0.28%, respectively. Below is the dynamics of water consumption in the region in 2010–2015.

Domestic water consumption per capita in Chuvashia is 37.521 m 3 /year per person, which is lower than both the Russian average and the federal district indicator (56.205 and 53.841 m 3 /year per person, respectively). According to this indicator, the Chuvash Republic ranks last among the regions of the federal district. Below is the dynamics of domestic water consumption per capita in the region in 2010–2015.

in Chuvashia – 475.92 million m3 or 83.1% of the region’s total water consumption. Below is the dynamics of direct-flow and recycling and re-sequential water consumption in the republic in 2010–2015.

Discharge of wastewater into water bodies of the region is 101.83 million m3, of which 63.18% is conditionally pure and standardly treated wastewater and 36.82% is polluted and insufficiently treated. The republic generates 1.49% of the total volume of polluted and insufficiently treated wastewater in the Volga Federal District and 0.26% in Russia. Below is the dynamics of water disposal in the region in 2010–2015.

Water quality (based on 2014 data)

In 2014, in the centralized water supply systems of Chuvashia, non-compliance with standards for sanitary and chemical indicators was recorded in 20% of samples taken, and for microbiological indicators - in 0.7% of samples. In non-centralized water supply systems, the quality of 29.3% of samples for sanitary-chemical indicators and 7.7% of samples for microbiological indicators did not meet the standard. Below is the dynamics of the corresponding indicators in the region in 2010–2014.

Water management

The Chuvash Republic is in the area of responsibility of the Upper Volga Basin Water Administration of the Federal Agency for Water Resources of Russia.

The functions of providing public services and managing federal property in the field of water resources on the territory of the republic are carried out by the Department of Water Resources of the Upper Volga Bank of Water Resources in the Chuvash Republic.

The powers in the field of water relations transferred to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the functions of providing public services and managing regional property in the field of water resources in the region are carried out by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Chuvash Republic.

The state program “Development of the potential of natural raw materials and increasing environmental safety” for 2014–2020 is being implemented on the territory of the republic, the structure of which includes the subprogram “Development of the water management complex of the Chuvash Republic”. Among the objectives of the program are the protection of water bodies and increasing their carrying capacity, preventing the negative impact of water, protecting settlements, economic facilities and social infrastructure from flooding and inundation, ensuring trouble-free operation of hydraulic structures and others.

When preparing the material, data from the State reports “On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation in 2015”, “On the state and use of water resources of the Russian Federation in 2015”, “On the state and use of land in the Russian Federation in 2015”, were used. “On the environmental situation in the Chuvash Republic in 2015”, collection “Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators. 2016" The ratings of regions for surface and underground water resources do not take into account the indicators of cities of federal significance -

The Chuvash Republic has significant natural water reserves. Within the republic, 2,356 rivers and streams with a total length of 8,650 km flow in whole or in part. All of them belong to the Volga basin.

The largest part of them (93.1%) has a length of less than 10 km, that is, they are classified as the smallest. There are 119 (5%) rivers with a length of 10-25 km, 5 (0.2%) from 101 to 500 km, and 2 (0.1%) over 500 km (Table 1).

Table 1

Number and length of rivers on the territory of the Chuvash Republic

№ pp	Gradation of rivers, watercourses	Length of rivers, km	Number of units	%	Total length of rivers, km	%
1	Smallest	<10	2193	93,1	5030	55,5
2	The smallest	10-25	119	5,0	1676	18,5
3	Small	26-100	37	1,6	1418	15,6
4	Average	101-500	5	0,2	526	5,8
5	Large	>500	2	0,1	420	4,6
6	Total		2356	100	9070	100

The density of the republic's river network is 0.48 km/km 2 . The highest values of river network density (up to 1.2 km/km 2) are confined to the elevated northern part of Chuvashia, which is distinguished by a complex geological and tectonic structure with developed microfolding and numerous aquifers. The southern part of the republic is characterized by weaker development of the river network.

The water regime of small rivers is characterized by stable, but low water content during low water periods and high water content during high water periods. Their stable low-water period is formed mainly by underground recharge waters. Low intensity of underground recharge is characterized for the central and south-eastern parts of the republic. The area of medium intensity underground recharge occupies the southwestern part of the republic along the right bank of the Sura River, as well as the Trans-Volga region. Average long-term water flows according to data from passports of small rivers are: Bolshoy Tsivil river - 21.2 m 3 /sec, Maly Tsivil river - 5.77 m 3 /sec, Anish river - 3.3 m 3 /sec, river Kubnya - 7.6 m 3 /sec, Bula River - 4.56 m 3 /sec. Water flow rates during low-water periods, as a rule, do not exceed 1.0 m 3 /sec. Only in the middle reaches of the Bolshoy Tsivil and Kubnya, as well as in the lower reaches of the Abyss and Kiri, 1-3 m 3 /sec flows. Under domestic conditions, more than 80% of the annual flow on small rivers passes during the spring flood.

The main rivers flowing through the territory of the republic are the Volga and Sura. The most significant of the small rivers are the Bolshoy Tsivil, Maly Tsivil, Anish, Kubnya and Bula (Table 2).

table 2

Main rivers on the territory of the Chuvash Republic

№ pp	River name	Catchment area, thousand km 2	Average annual flow rate, m 3 /s	Annual flow volume, km 3
№ pp	River name	Catchment area, thousand km 2	Average annual flow rate, m 3 /s	average	largest	least
1	Volga	629,0	3510	111,0
2	Sura	65,5	251,1	11,7	16,02	3,91
3	Alatyr	11,2	41,2	1,93	2,47	0,53
4	Civil	4,69	18,3	0,92	1,20	0,39
5	Anish	0,89	3,3	0,16	0,22	0,05
6	Kubnya	2,0	7,6	0,34	0,44	0,14
7	Bula	1,22	4,5	0,20	0,27	0,08

Lakes

Located in the northeastern part of the Volga Upland, characterized by a pronounced erosional relief, the Chuvash Republic is characterized by a weak saturation of lake forms. There are no large lakes in the republic. There are 754 lakes in total. Over 85% of the total number of lakes does not exceed an area of 5 hectares. The largest lakes in terms of water surface area are: Chernoye - 40 hectares, Bolshoye Lebedinoye - 30 hectares, Beloe - 18 hectares, Kulhiri - 14 hectares, Svetloye - 13 hectares. The vast majority of lakes have shallow depths of up to - 2.5 m. Only 7 lakes have a maximum depth of more than 10 m (Table 3).

Table 3

Lakes on the territory of the Chuvash Republic

№ pp	Name	Mirror area, km 2	Water volume, km 3
1	Al	0,10	0,0004
2	Bolshoye Lebedinoye	0,30	0,0005
3	White	0,18	0,0005
4	Külhiri	0,14	0,0007
5	Light	0,13	0,0004
6	Shadows	0,09	0,0004
7	Black	0,40	0,0005

The distribution of lakes in Chuvashia is uneven. Most of the lakes are located in the floodplains of the Sura and Tsivil rivers. There are 113 of them in the watershed areas. According to the origin, the lakes are karst, suffosion, karst-suffosion, interdune or floodplain.

Despite their small size, the lakes are of great importance for the densely populated republic. Their waters are widely used by the population and in the national economy. In a number of rural settlements they are the only source of domestic water supply. Sapropel is extracted from Lake Kogoyar and is used in medicine.

There has been no systematic study of the chemical composition of lake water. According to sporadic studies, they are fresh or slightly mineralized, predominantly hydrocarbonate-sulfate-calcium.

Swamps

The good drainage of the main part of the territory of Chuvashia due to its deep and strong dissection excludes conditions for the formation of swamps. In the republic, swamps are common on floodplains and above-floodplain river terraces.

Relatively large swamps are confined to the Trans-Volga part of the republic on the second and third above-floodplain terraces of the Volga River - “White Lipsha” (6.5 thousand hectares), “Dryannoye” (14.2 thousand hectares), as well as to the floodplain of the Sura River and its above-floodplain terraces - “Bolshoye Lesnoye” (11.3 thousand hectares), “Zasypino-Suslovskoye” (4.2 thousand hectares), “Kovyrlovo” (5.2 thousand hectares) and “Novo-Goreloye” ( 6.1 thousand hectares).

By origin, the swamps are predominantly lowland, some are transitional, and only a few small upland swamps. The thickness of peat deposits reaches 5-8 m. The average ash content of peat is about 20-25%. It is rich in minerals, as a result of which the extracted peat is mainly used as fertilizer (Table 4).

The resources and quality of bog waters have not been studied.

Table 4

Swamps on the territory of the Chuvash Republic

№ pp	Name	Mirror area, km 2	Water volume, km 3
1	White Lipsha	6,5	-
2	Bolshoye Lesnoye	11,3	-
3	Trashy	14,2	-
4	Zasypino-Suslovskoe	4,2	-
5	Kovirlovo	5,2	-
6	Newly burnt	6,1	-

Civil River. The right tributary of the Volga is the river. Tsivil (Big Tsivil before its confluence with the Small Tsivil River) the largest of the small rivers of the republic originates 5 km west of the village. Tarkhany of the Shumerlinsky district and flows 1939 km from the mouth. Its length is 172 km, the drainage area is 4658 km2. The river basin is located within the Shumerlinsky, Vurnarsky, Alikovsky, Kanashsky, Ibresinsky, Krasnoarmeysky, Morgaushsky, Tsivilsky, Marposadsky and Cheboksary districts. The basin is dominated by tributaries less than 10 km long. Their number reaches 638, and their total length is 1270 km. There are 42 tributaries longer than 10 km, their total length is 904 km. The density of the river network reaches 0.8 km/km2, there are tributaries of the sixth and seventh order. The main tributaries of the river. The Tsivils are Maly Tsivil (134 km), Unga (65 km), Sorma (52 km), Ryksha (42 km), Kukshum (36 km), Bolshaya Shatma (34 km) and Khirlep (30 km). The water quality in the Tsivil River was most significantly affected by the discharge of untreated and insufficiently treated wastewater from industrial and agricultural enterprises in the Vurnarsky, Kanashsky, Krasnoarmeysky, Tsivilsky, Cheboksary districts and OJSC Khimprom in Novocheboksarsk. Small Civil River. The main tributary of the Tsivil River is the Little Tsivil. The sources of the river are located in the Vurnarsky district in the state forest fund. The length of the river is 134 km, the drainage area is 1442 km2, it flows into the river. Tsivil north of the city of Tsivilsk. The river, like all small rivers, is fed predominantly by snow. The average long-term water flow at the mouth is 5.77 m3/sec. Up to 90% of the annual runoff occurs during spring floods. The water flow at the Shigali village post in 2004 was 5.41 m3/sec, with the maximum flow being on March 28 - 96.6 m3/sec. The river is polluted due to discharges from enterprises in the Vurnarsky, Ibresinsky, Kanashsky, and Tsivilsky districts. Middle Civil River. A small tributary, 20 km long, begins its flow in the state forest fund on the territory of the Shumerlinsky district and flows into the river. Tsivil near the village of Chalym-Kukshum, Vurnar district. The drainage area is 212 km2. The river is polluted due to discharges from agricultural enterprises in the Vurnar region.

2,356 rivers and streams flow in whole or in part with a total length of 8,650 km. All of them belong to the Volga basin. The largest part of them (93.1%) has a length of less than 10 km, that is, they are classified as the smallest (streams).
There are 119 (5%) rivers with a length of 10-25 km, 5 (0.2%) from 101 to 500 km and 2 (0.1%) over 500 km.

Average long-term water flows according to data from passports of small rivers are: r. Big Civil - 18.2 m3/sec, river. Maly Tsivil - 4.62 m3/sec, river. Anish - 1.26 m3/sec, river Kubnya - 3.57 m3/sec, river. Bula - 4.56 m3/sec.

The main rivers flowing through the territory of the republic are the Volga and Sura. The most significant of the small rivers are the Big Tsivil, the Small Tsivil, the Anish, the Kubnya and the Bula.

The Volga River flows in the northern part of Chuvashia practically from west to east, its length within the Republic is 140 km.
Rivers of Chuvashia (rafting, fishing)
Within the Volga River there is the Cheboksary Hydroelectric Power Station, above the dam site of which there is the Cheboksary Reservoir, below - the Kuibyshevskoye Reservoir. The first is the source of drinking water supply to the large cities of Cheboksary and Novocheboksarsk, where over 600 thousand people live.

The Sura River, a right tributary of the Volga, flows in the west of the republic from south to north. The length of the river within Chuvashia is 280 km. The catchment area on the border with the Republic of Mari El is 65.5 thousand km2. The average annual water flow is 251.1 m3/sec, the average annual flow volume is 11.7 km3, the largest is 16.02 km3, the smallest is 3.91 km3. Water is abstracted from the Sura River for drinking needs for the cities of Alatyr (46.9 thousand people) and Shumerlya (41.0 thousand people). The river is navigable.

The river is of great importance for the republic. Bolshoy Tsivil is the right tributary of the Volga. A quarter of the territory of Chuvashia is located in its basin. Its length is 172 km, the drainage area is 4.69 thousand km2. The average annual water flow in the river is 21.2 m3/sec, the average annual flow volume is 0.92 km3, the largest is 1.2 km3, the smallest is 0.39 km3. The main tributaries of the river. Big Civil are Small Civil (134 km), Unga (65 km), Sorma (52 km), Ryksha (42 km).

In the basin of the Maly Tsivil River, water is withdrawn to provide drinking water to the village of Vurnary.

The Kubnya River, a left tributary of the Sviyaga, flows in the central part of the republic, in the upper reaches from west to east, then to the northeast. Its length is 194 km, of which 108 km are on the territory of the Chuvash Republic, the catchment area is 2.0 thousand km2. The average annual water flow is 7.6 m3/sec, the average annual flow volume is 0.34 km3, the largest is 0.44 km3, the smallest is 0.14 km3. All major tributaries of the Kubnya flow from the left - Khoma (33 km), Uryum (49 km), Uta (46 km).

The Bula River, a left tributary of the Sviyaga, flows in the southeast of the republic from west to east. Its total length is 128 km, within Chuvashia - 92 km. The catchment area is 1.22 thousand km2. The average annual water flow is 4.5 m3/sec, the average annual flow volume is 0.2 km3, the largest is 0.27 km3, the smallest is 0.08 km3. The largest tributaries are Malaya Bula (45 km), Toyabinka (16 km), Sherautka (17 km) and Yerykla (16 km).

RIVERS OF CHUVASHIA
The main river of the republic, flowing through the north. its border is the Volga (length in Chuvashia is 127 km), into which many large and small rivers flow. So-called small rivers in the republic 2356.
Of these, rivers with a stream length of more than 100 km account for 0.2%, and from 25 to 100 km - 2%. Of the more than 750 lakes, approx. 600 - floodplain, the rest in the main. karst, and in the Volga region - interdunes. (see Hydrographic network).

The water regime of the river is characterized by stable, but low water content during summer-autumn-winter low water and high water content during high water (begins in the first week of March - the first week of April).

Rivers of Chuvashia (rafting, fishing)

Main tributaries

14 km: Kukshum River

31 km: Ryksha River

53 km: Tozhanarka River

55 km: Maly Tsivil River

64 km: Unga River

80 km: Malaya Shatma River

92 km: Bolshaya Shatma River

106 km: Matsa River

112 km: Uslandyr River

113 km: Sorma River

130 km: Abasirma River

132 km: Ileborka River

135 km: Hirlep River

138 km: Middle Tsivil River

157 km: Esqueden River

The River basin is dominated by tributaries less than 10 km long. Their number reaches 638, and their total length is 1270 km. There are 42 tributaries longer than 10 km, their total length is 904 km. The density of the river network reaches 0.8 km/km2, there are tributaries of the sixth and seventh order. The main tributaries of the river. The Tsivils are Maly Tsivil (134 km), Unga (65 km), Sorma (52 km), Ryksha (42 km), Kukshum (36 km), Bolshaya Shatma (34 km) and Khirlep (30 km).

According to another version, the name of the Karla River comes from the Chuvash “khirla” (pine), because. along its entire length from its origins to the village. Karabay-Shemursha it flowed through pine forests. The river parallel to Karla is called Chirsla,” i.e. "charshalla" (spruce).

The source is 2.9 km northeast of the village of Khurama Tvar (Batyrevsky district of Chuvashia). The Karla flows into the Sviyaga on the left at a distance of 154 km from its mouth, on the territory of Tatarstan.

The drainage area is 1005 km² (approximately equally distributed between the two republics), the length of the river is 91.5 km (37.7 km in Chuvashia, 53.8 km in Tatarstan).

The floodplain is two-sided, up to 350 m wide, covered with meadow vegetation. The valley is not clearly defined, the left bank is moderately steep, the right bank is moderately flat. 88.1% of the catchment area is covered by forest. The prevailing width of the channel is from 8 to 10 m. High floods occur from April to May.

The ice thickness is up to 76 cm. The food is predominantly snow (80%). According to B. D. Zaikov r. Karla belongs to the Eastern European type of intra-annual flow distribution: 69% of the flow occurs in spring.

Length 176 km, basin area 2480 km².

It begins in the Ibresinsky district of Chuvashia.

It flows along the northern edge of the Volga Upland.

The food is predominantly rain-fed.

The average flow rate 29 km from the mouth is 4.2 m³/sec. It freezes in the second half of November - December and opens in April. Rivers of Chuvashia (rafting, fishing)

On the left bank there is the village of Kubnya, and on the right is the railway. Shusherma platform.

BIG YUNGA RIVER

Yunga (mar. Yyngy)- a river in the Republic of Mari El (Russia), right tributary.

Length about 56 km.

The source of the river is located near the village of Nikasy (Chuvashia), the mouth is not far from (Volga).

Yunga is a river in Chuvashia (21 km) and Mari El (35 km), a right tributary of the Volga.

The river flows through the settlements: Yunga, Orgum, Yunga-Kusherga, Minyashkino, Elasy, Amanury, Pokrovskoye and ().

Rivers of Chuvashia (rafting, fishing)

Type of water body River

Name Big YUNGA

Location KAS/VOLGA/2029

Archaeological and natural monuments, such as Keremet ner, Siukhinskoe fortified settlement and others, keep many secrets and mysteries in their depths...

Siukhinsky settlement (1st millennium AD), which is located on a high cape on the right bank of the Bolshaya Yunga River, 1 km northwest of the village of Siukhino. The main function of this kind of “shelter settlements” was to temporarily protect the population. At the moment, work is underway on the territory of the Siukhinsky settlement to restore protective, residential and economic structures.

That is why it is held here every year, where historical reconstruction clubs present the costumes, weapons and life of the medieval peoples who inhabited these places.

Almost the entire current passes through the forest, only below the village of Altyshevo-Lyulsky it flows through a meadow.

18 km from the mouth, Orlik flows into the river on the right, and Karaksirma flows higher on the left.

Water register data
According to the State Water Register of Russia, it belongs to the Upper Volga Basin District, the water management section of the river is Sura from the mouth of the Alatyr River to the mouth, the river sub-basin of the river is Sura. The river basin is the (Upper) Volga to the Kuibyshev reservoir (without the Oka basin).

According to the geoinformation system for water management zoning of the territory of the Russian Federation, prepared by the Federal Agency for Water Resources:

The code of the water body in the state water register is 08010500412110000038862
Code for hydrological knowledge (HI) - 110003886
Pool code - 08.01.05.004
Volume number according to GI - 10
Issue according to GI - 0

- one of the reservoirs of the Volga-Kama cascade, located on the Volga River, in the territories of the Chuvash Republic, the Mari El Republic and the Nizhny Novgorod region.

Formed by the dam of the Cheboksary hydroelectric power station, (Chuvash Republic). Filled in 1980-1982.
Area 2190 km², length 341 km, greatest width 16 km, depth up to 35 m.

Large bays along the valleys of the Kerzhenets, Sura, and Vetluga rivers. On the Cheboksary reservoir are the cities of Nizhny Novgorod, Kozmodemyansk, Cheboksary. Motor tourist routes Moscow - Astrakhan, Moscow - Rostov-on-Don, Moscow - Perm, etc. pass through the reservoir.

map of the reservoir at the junction of Mari El and the Nizhny Novgorod region

The ancient Russian village of Korotni fell into the flood zone of the reservoir.

Cheboksary Reservoir: fishing
The reservoir is attractive primarily for lovers of fishing, which is possible here all year round.
It’s interesting: what harms agriculture is of great help to fishermen. Rotting tree trunks and wetlands are a favorite habitat for some species of fish.
The Cheboksary Reservoir is a habitat for pike, asp, pike perch, perch, etc. They are readily caught with wobblers or unhooked baits. They are most convenient to use so as not to damage the gear on trees or collect debris during fishing.
The most successful places for fishing are the surroundings of the Makaryev Monastery, where there are a lot of predatory fish.
Perch and pike gather in large schools at the mouth of the Kerzhenets River and it is convenient to catch them there with a spinning rod. The right tributary of the Volga - the Sundovik River - is a favorite place for several species of pike. And fishing enthusiasts note that in these places you can catch the entire flock of these predators.

Tourism
There are several recreation centers on the territory of the reservoir, each of which offers a wide range of services for fishermen. This is a rental of space, gear and other equipment.
Also, each of the fishermen can prepare their own catch. The level of comfort in places of residence - from houses with amenities to simple places with tents and campsites.
Some recreation centers hold regular thematic lectures for fishing enthusiasts. The Cheboksary Reservoir is visited by a large number of people every year. -

According to the State Water Register of Russia, it belongs to the Upper Volga Basin District.
According to the geoinformation system for water management zoning of the territory of the Russian Federation, prepared by the Federal Agency for Water Resources:

The code of the water body in the state water register is 08010400312112100000019
Code for hydrological knowledge (HI) - 112100001
Pool code - 08.01.04.003
Volume number according to GI - 12
Issue according to GI - 1

____________________________________________________________________________________________

SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
Wikipedia website.
Surface water resources of the USSR: Hydrological knowledge. T. 10. Upper Volga region / Ed. V. P. Shaban. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1966. - 528 p.
http://ru.chuvash.org/
Tourist water encyclopedia
“Rivers of Chuvashia” - information about the object in the State Water Register
Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional ones). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.

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The Republic of Chuvashia is one of the smallest constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of area, located in the European part of the country. In this article you will find detailed information about the largest rivers of Chuvashia with photos, names and basic statistics about these watercourses.

Geography of Chuvashia: a brief overview

Chuvashia is part of the Volga Federal District. It borders on Tatarstan, Mordovia, the Republic of Mari El, Ulyanovsk and Nizhny Novgorod regions. The total area of the region is 18,343 square meters. km, population - 1.23 million people. The capital of the republic is the city of Cheboksary.

Chuvashia is located in the eastern part of the Russian Plain. The area is characterized by weakly dissected relief. The highest point above sea level is 287 meters. The republic is located within the forest (in the north and in the center) and forest-steppe (in the south) natural zones. The average annual precipitation is 550 millimeters. The region is characterized by a fairly dense and well-developed hydrographic network. All rivers of Chuvashia belong to the Volga basin.

Administratively, the territory of the republic is divided into 21 districts. It consists of 9 cities, 5 towns and about 1,700 villages.

The main rivers of Chuvashia: names and list

The density of the republic's river network averages 0.48 km/sq.km. It is most developed in the northwestern regions of Chuvashia, which are distinguished by a rather complex geological and tectonic structure of the earth's surface. In the central and southern parts of the region, the density of natural watercourses is noticeably reduced.

The total number of rivers in Chuvashia is 2356. Their total length is approximately 8500 kilometers. Below is a list of rivers of Chuvashia, the length of which exceeds 50 km (within the republic):

Sura (250 km).
Great Civil (172 km).
Small Civil (134 km).
Volga (120 km).
Kubnya (109 km).
Bula (92 km).
Kirya (91 km).
Abyss (86 km).
Unga (65 km).
Anish (61 km).
Vyla (55 km).
Sorma (52 km).

The location of the largest rivers in Chuvashia is marked on the map below.

Most of the river systems in this region are characterized by well-developed valleys with clearly defined asymmetry of slopes (the right bank is steep, the left bank is gentle). The rivers' feeding is mixed, but with a clear predominance of snow. The spring flood occurs in the second half of April, and the low water peak occurs in early September. In summer, sharp rises in water levels often occur on the rivers of Chuvashia, which is associated with short-term and heavy rainfall.

Sura

The Sura is the largest river in Chuvashia, flowing along the western borders of the republic. This is a fairly large tributary of the Volga, 841 kilometers long, which crosses the territories of six constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Within Chuvashia, the length of the river is 230 km.

The Sura flows into the Nizhny Novgorod region. In Chuvashia, the river has a wide floodplain with numerous oxbow lakes and small lakes. The channel of the Sura is characterized by great tortuosity. In the Mari language there is a word “shur”, which translates as “horn”. Most likely, the hydronym “sura” came from this word.

Volga

The largest river in Europe has the most important sacred significance for the Russian people. The Volga originates on the slopes of the Valdai Hills and flows through the territory of fifteen constituent entities of Russia, in particular, along the northeastern administrative border of Chuvashia. Within the republic there is a dam as well as a reservoir of the same name (pictured below).

Civil

Tsivil is the largest river system of Chuvashia, which lies entirely within the boundaries of one republic. It is formed as a result of the confluence of two rivers - the Bolshoi and Maly Tsivil (near the city of Tsivilsk). The total length of the river is 172 kilometers. The drainage basin area is 4690 square meters. km, which is almost 25% of the territory of the entire Chuvashia. The Tsivil River is known for its rich ichthyofauna. In its waters there are all kinds of fish that are typical for watercourses in Central Russia.

Kubnya

Kubnya is a river that partially flows through the territory of Chuvashia, a second-order tributary of the Volga. Its length within the republic is 109 km. The source of Kubnya is located in the Ibresinsky district at an altitude of 200 meters above sea level. The river flows along the northern edge of the Volga Upland. In the upper reaches, the Kubnya valley is poorly expressed in relief, but closer to the mouth its width reaches four kilometers. The banks of the river are often steep and steep, covered with meadow, shrub and tree vegetation. Kubnya feeds mainly on melted snow waters; floods are observed in late March - early April.

Bula

The name of this river does not come from the Ukrainian verb “was”, but from the Chuvash “pal”. Bula (emphasis on the last syllable) flows in the southern part of Chuvashia, crossing the expanses of three of its administrative districts. The source of the river is located near the village of Lipovka. Within the republic its length is 92 kilometers. Bula receives the waters of several dozen tributaries, the largest of which is the Malaya Bula River.

Abyss

The river with the curious name “Abyss” also flows in the south of Chuvashia and flows into the Sura near the city of Alatyr. A significant section of its channel passes through the territory of the beautiful Chavash Varmane National Park.

The source of the river is located near the village of Chuvashskaya Bezdna in the territory of neighboring Tatarstan. The channel of the Abyss is very winding and strongly subject to meandering along its entire length. The river is characterized by pronounced spring floods. It feeds on melted snow waters, freezes in the second half of December, and opens in early April. A large number of rare plant species grow on the banks of the Abyss (especially in the upper reaches).