Fishing boat "skulte" Search for "fishing boat" Small fishing boat

A characteristic feature of each coastal fishing area is the abundance of fishing boats of various types. Fleets of these small vessels contribute a significant share of the total catch. Recently, their importance has especially increased due to the widespread introduction of extensive national fisheries protection zones and regulated fishing conditions, which have reduced the traditional fishing areas of large fishing vessels.

The trawl fishing boat, which will be discussed on these pages, is one of the newest and most advanced vessels for coastal fishing used in our country.

The purpose of the trawl boat is to catch fish with a small trawl and drift* nets no further than 20 miles from the port of refuge, as well as transport the caught fish to the port. Navigation autonomy - 12 days.

The boat has the following main dimensions: maximum length (Lnb) - 12.75 m, length along the vertical line (L) - 11.7 m, width (B) - 3 m, draft (T) - 1.3 m. Speed (V ) reaches 8 knots, or 14.8 km/h. Displacement (D) - 18 tons.

The trawlboat hull is steel, with side keels. V-shaped frames provide the vessel with good seaworthiness and maneuvering qualities. The stem is inclined at an angle of 30°. This form of bow formations helps to reduce breakers at the stem and reduces pitching when the ship is in difficult weather conditions. The forecastle prevents waves from flooding the deck, which makes it easier to control the vessel and improves working conditions.

In the stern valance there is one large three-bladed propeller, and behind it a balance rudder. The use of a transom stern is due to the desire to obtain a larger area of the aft deck and below-deck spaces. This made it possible to place the engine room in the stern, a large wheelhouse on the deck, and trawl arcs with hanging blocks and guide blocks on the starboard and port sides.

In front of the wheelhouse, in the light hood of the engine room, there is a trawl winch with a mechanical drive from the main engine, which has two drums for the trawl cables (warp) and one pair of turrets. All work on raising and lowering fishing gear is carried out on it. In the middle part of the hull above the fish hold there is a hatch with a small coaming and wooden hatches.

For ease of access to the living quarters, a canopy with round portholes is installed on the forecastle. A mast rises on it, braced to the sides with shrouds, and in the center plane with stays. A stay-stay with a cargo block will be stretched from the mast to the wheelhouse. The cable passing through the latter makes it possible to mechanize bilge work using a trawl winch.

Bollards at the stern and bow are used for mooring and towing operations.

1 - cable lanyard, 2 - forestay, 3 - tubular railing, 4 - side mooring fairlead, 5 - canopy, 6 - living quarters cap, 7 - handrail, 8 - round porthole, 9 - forecastle, 10 - shroud, 11 - mast, 12 - towing light, 13 - masthead light, 14 - taillight, 15 - backstay, 16 - state flag, 17 - cargo block, 18 - cleat, 19 - bulwark, 20 - storm ports, 21 - trawl winch, 22 - chimney, 23 - forestay, 24 - spotlight, 25 - side lights (right - green, left - red), 26 - tail light, 27 - wheelhouse, 28 - trawl arc, 29 - hanging block, 30 - transom, 31 - balance rudder, 32 - three-blade propeller, 33 - guide block, 34 - side block, 35 - central block, 36 - door, 37 - lifebuoy, 38 - buttress, 39 - bollards, 40 - admiralty anchor , 41 - junction box, 42 - fish hatch, 43 - measuring rod.

The general view, details and theoretical drawing of the trawlboat are shown on a scale of 1:50. According to the classification requirements of the USSR Ship Modeling Sports Federation, the model can be built on the scales given in the table.

Paint the model in the following colors: the hull below the waterline, rudder blade, side keels - dark red or dark green; deck, forecastle deck - light brown; wheelhouse, hood on the forecastle, railing and handrails, door, hood wall and forecastle on the deck side - white; mast, trawl arches, cargo block - ivory; spotlight, blocks, trawl winch, chimney, freeboard, bulwark and canopy on the inside - light gray; anchor, bollards - black; lifebuoy - light orange; state flag - red; hammer and sickle and star on the national flag - yellow crown; the hatches and the door in the wheelhouse should be finished to look like wood and varnished; measuring rod - black and white.

*Drift-net- modern nets, interconnected in a so-called “order”: one end is attached to the vessel, the other to the end buoy and is held in a vertical position at a certain depth with the help of floats.

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MRB pr.902TM is the most popular fishing vessel on fishing collective farms!

The 902TM project has round-chine curved lines and is superior in its technical characteristics to similar MRB projects of the Ladoga and Akhtar shipyards, as well as the sharp-chine MRB project, designed by KTI and rejected by Kaliningrad fishermen.

The MRB is built to order in the required configuration, namely:
1. Painted body, doors, windows, portholes,
2. Engine with systems,
3. Remote motor control,
4. Steering (hydraulic),
5. All necessary electrical equipment,
6. Sanitary appliances,
7. Interior decoration with furniture,
8. Registration in RRR,
Vessel type: small-sized transport and fishing boat pr.902TM (modernized MRB pr.902T (with transom stern). Optimized for the requirements of the Russian River Register by creating a new project according to the new requirements of the RRR (extended, modern engine, improved layout, etc.). Single-deck , steel, with a wheelhouse and an engine room in the stern, a shelter cockpit in the bow and a cargo hold in the middle part of the vessel. The shape of the stern is transom. The deck extends outward along the entire length of the vessel, providing passage along the entire perimeter from bow to stern. . In the bow on the cockpit deck.

Purpose:transportation in tow of fishing boats with fixed fishing gear or catch, as well as delivery of the catch to the shore in fresh form. Delivery of special personnel (6 people) on board the vessel to the places where fishing gear is set up and processed, as well as to the place where the catch is delivered and the place where the vessel is permanently stationed.

Navigation area and time: navigation area - coastal part of the Baltic Sea, Curonian Lagoon, Kaliningrad Bay, rivers, canals and other bodies of water in the Kaliningrad region. Sailing time is the period of “clean” water (from the moment the ice melts until freeze-up). Sailing mode is 24/7.

Autonomy:autonomy of the vessel for fuels and lubricants, water and provisions for at least 1 day at full speed.

Frame:the product has a strong steel hull, high seaworthiness, excellent driving performance, and sufficient habitability. Hull material - marine steel 09G2S.

Vessel class:R 1.2 A2 according to the Russian River Register (only registration of a vessel in a river or sea register allows you to engage in commercial activities).

Basic technical data and equipment of the vessel:

The greatest length is 11.6 m.

The length between perpendiculars is 9.4 m.

Design width - 3.0 m.

Overall width - 3.07 m.

The height of the side at midship is 1.2 m.

Draft - 0.8 m.

Engine - diesel D240, 80 hp, hydraulic reducer 1: 3

Fuel tanks: 1.0 t.

Speed - 7 knots

Towing speed - 5 knots

Steering device - hydraulics

Crew: 1 person
Passenger capacity: 7(6+1) people.
Standard engine: marine D240 with hydraulic gearbox, 80 hp.
Electrical equipment:
- side, stern and masthead running lights
- accumulator battery
- lighting 12\24 V in all rooms
Instruments, throttle (reverse), steering wheel
Vessel hull color – at the client’s choice (Jötun, Hempel, International paints)

Fishing gear - fixed nets, seines on the deck or hold in the amount of 1 ton (wet nets).

Vessel construction:

The cost of the MRB is 6000 rubles. Stage-by-stage prepayment of construction. First payment 2000 rub.
Construction period - 6 months. with stable project financing.
Conclusion of a contract with an estimate for construction.
Make your dream come true, become the owner of a commercial fishing vessel at Russian prices!

Main characteristics:

Field equipment:

- Seryoga, work! - the sailor shouts from the deck to the captain on the bridge.

“Run”—work the engine to slightly change the course. We are at sea, on board the small fishing boat “Ladoga”. Coastal longliners are allowed to fish in the narrow 12-mile strip between land and open sea...

Small fishing boat

Finding Ladoga was not easy. At low water - low tide! — the boat was hiding behind the decking of the pier of the Teriberian ship repair workshops. Only the locator pancake gave away the hidden coastal man, and the border guard, who, on duty, came to escort the fishermen to the sea.

“Ladoga” is not impressive in scale: 20 tons of displacement and 20 meters in length, a crew of four people - a captain and three sailors.

to the captain Sergei Dmitriev- 32. He is like his brother Denis, - local, from . Sailors Fedor Kovalev And Valery Vergeichik- Murmansk residents. Balagur and joker Valery in Soviet times would have been the first candidate for a poster for Fisherman’s Day - the dimensions of a heavyweight boxer, when shaking hands, my palm (honestly - rather large) sinks into his hand.

Captain Dmitriev's specialty is... ship's cook. A young vocational school graduate with no experience was not accepted into the big sea and he returned to his native Teriberka, got a job at a fish factory, and started a family (daughter and son). And then he attended the GIMS (State Inspectorate of Small Vessels) courses and became a captain. He also works as a firefighter. When he is on duty, his brother replaces him in the captain's chair.

Murmansk resident Fyodor Kovalev never thought in his life that he would become a sailor. In his youth, he served in some very “cunning” troops (which, keeping his signature, he doesn’t say now) and was banned from traveling abroad for ten years. Then retraining and another “ten”. What kind of seas and foreign countries are there... And he “got crazy” after the persuasion of a friend, the owner of “Ladoga”. Fedora is happy with everything at sea. What about life away from family? So if a strong wind blows, he and Valery jump into the car - and to Murmansk, to their families.

Vergeychik was the only one of the Ladoga residents who had been to distant seas. Since 1990 in the trawl fleet. But then I got tired of it:

-What did I see there? I stood at the roadstead and looked at the desert. Namibia, Mauritania... Well, a call to Santa Cruz, to the Canary Islands... What a call these days - they arrived in the morning and flew away in the evening. You won't have much fun.

Does he like to go for walks? He says, laughing it off: “Vodka? What's the point? It rocks here even without it.” Now would be the perfect time for Valery to whistle, calling up a sea omen for a stormy wind: at the beginning of July, his wife and children returned from vacation to Murmansk. “We haven’t seen each other yet, we just chatted on the phone. I’m waiting for it to blow.”

At the crossing, the captain conducts a state conversation with the head of the committee of the fishery complex of the Murmansk region Oleg Zabolotsky. “State”, because the conversation seems to be about trifles, but concerns topics on which the life of the entire Teriberka and other coastal villages depends.

Previously, everyone in the village could go out to sea on their own boat and catch the norm: 15 kilos of cod per day. Not much, but if you sell it to a local fish factory, it will be a decent contribution to the family budget (work in Teriberka is sparse). So the norm was canceled! Border guards say: catch at least 50 kilos, but without the right to sell.

Captain Sergei Dmitriev. Photo: Lev Fedoseev

"Dot"

First, a small anchor is sent overboard, then a turnip buoy and a pole indicating the beginning of the gear. The tier (the end as thick as a finger) is laid in portions of 400 meters in 20 baskets. On Ladoga they are called “wallets”.

The line from the stern is cast into the sea: every one and a half meters there are hooks baited with pieces of herring. The tackle in the bags is laid in circles and loops, and a piece of paper is placed under each portion of bait so that the hook does not catch on the end. The paper, of course, gets wet, the bait falls through and a “beard” (confusion) forms. You could use parchment. But it’s expensive.

They know how to count money here. “Order” (as 20 “purses” are called here) is equipped on the shore by women from the bait shop. It costs the owner of Ladoga 4 thousand rubles. The bait itself, 90 kilos of herring—another 1,800. Add the cost of fuel, repairs, berth fees, electricity (at moorings the boat is powered from the shore), crew salaries...

The tackle is set, the end is marked with a second pole. Now wait several hours for the sea creatures to hang in garlands (as we would like) on the hooks of the four-mile long line. The sailors go down to the galley. Or should I go to the dining room? I don’t know what to call this tiny room: microwave, two-burner stove, two kettles. TV. The fishermen begin to act like “fools”. They play with excitement, with teasing and comic insults. But somehow it’s not serious - they don’t keep score.

The tiny “Ladoga” is rocking quite a bit in a seemingly calm sea. But we were lucky with the weather: when a strong wind blows, the Ladoga residents are confined to the shore. There are months when, due to bad weather, they make only one flight (“walk”, 12-hour departure). Then the fishermen’s earnings are corresponding - only five thousand. In a good month, up to a dozen “walks” are made.

But, as they say here, fish is a water thing. Sometimes at the “point” they lift three and a half tons, and the next day the “order” can bring only a couple of hundredweight of fish.

- It’s bad that we, coastal residents, have a 12-mile limit - look at the map, they should let you go at least 18 miles, there are such good “holes” there... It would be nice to go fishing in these places...

Sergey is trying to understand why at the same point it is sometimes thick and sometimes empty: maybe changing currents or phases of the moon affect the behavior of the fish? I even went for advice to Murmansk, to the Polar Institute of Scientific Fisheries and Oceanography. Scientists were not pleased: “We don’t study coastal fish.”

Bloopers

We are drifting in sight of the shore. A yellow lighthouse against a blue sky and white foamy waves trying to reach the lighthouse. And in a calm sea the roughness is such that I have time to knock on all the bulkheads with every conceivable part of my body.

On the deck of the Ladoga, Sergei Dmitriev and Oleg Zabolotsky while away the hours of waiting in an unspoken competition - they catch fish by hooking. The captain was noticeably luckier; he had already pulled out three small cod. But now the official (in fact, Zabolotsky is a graduate of the secondary naval school, went to sea at the White Sea state base) takes revenge: he pulls out the haddock, which alone weighs like three captain’s fish.

And it’s time for us to climb the tier - closer to midnight we approached the first pole. “Ladoga residents” raise the anchor (“not getting tangled is a good sign!”), hook the line onto a mechanism with a tricky name like a winch and - off we go! The sea gives up two small haddocks first. And then cod, flounder, and catfish came on board one by one. There were also “stowaways” - crabs, shellfish and a lot of stingrays. They are immediately sent overboard: it is impossible to catch crab, and there is nowhere to put the stingrays (they say they are edible).

The captain was steering the boat at the helm. Vergeychik with a “blunder” (short hook) was the first to meet the fish - “blundered”. Some of the “guests” were unhooked while approaching the winch and either thrown into a box or sent out to sea. He gently grabbed someone from below (without sticking a hook into the fish), as if he was lifting a lady under the elbow into a carriage. Valery explained later: it all depends on how the fish took the hook - deep or not very deep, if only a little - you have to “blurt”, otherwise it will fall off.

When there was a lot of fish, Denis and Fedor began to scrape it with two knives. Entrails and heads fly overboard, and a squadron of seagulls joins the Ladoga in its wake. Real, not loud-mouthed gopniks of Murmansk garbage dumps.

It took more than three hours for the tier to rise. Evil catfish predators. Stubbornly swarming arthropods (“take a photo and go overboard, otherwise the border guards have a lot of paper!”). Cod with bulging eyes due to pressure changes. A sea burbot with a pink bladder bursting from its mouth - because of the same pressure, the burbot liver is asking to come out.

I learned a lot of new words: “mitten” is a small cod fish, “bicycle” is a long skinny fish. We called the largest cod “elephant”. While posing, Denis raised one such “elephant”. Will it pull 20 kilos? Denis grins: no, eight, no more. This is understandable; in the wrong hands the fish is always thicker.

... "Ladoga" climbs its nose onto the wave. The midnight sun on the horizon is trying (but still can’t) to set into the sea. The pitching is neither pitching nor side-to-side – it’s a bumpy motion, all at once, the bot writes out some intricate figure eights in three dimensions at once. I’m standing on the deck, clinging to the bulwark. And the “Ladoga residents” still “blurt”, tearing off fish heads with knives, showing miracles of balance and tightrope walking. A fisherman is some kind of highest and very special stage of human evolution. How would it be in Latin? "Homo maris"? "Homo navalis"?

The tier is raised. The boxes contain 200 kilos of haddock, 100 kilos of cod and fifty kilos of by-catch—flounder and catfish. Not much. But tomorrow will be the day of the fisherman again.