During a ski trip, a tourist spends a long time in the purest frosty air. Uniform muscular load, smooth gliding, the beauty of winter nature, a quick change of impressions, communication with a group of tourists - all this gives a great charge of positive emotions.
A tourist skier actively engages the muscles of his arms, legs, abdomen, and back. That's why ski trips- an excellent means of general physical training, which will help improve health, become stronger, more resilient, and hardened.
With good glide, even a novice skier can go at a speed of 6 - 8 km/h without much difficulty.
However, it should be kept in mind that weekend ski trips are different from regular ones. ski trip, and preparation for them should be more thorough. During a winter hike, tourists are exposed to low temperatures for quite a long time (6 - 8 hours). The group’s path also passes through open areas of terrain not protected by forests, in strong winds, and through virgin snow. On the way you may encounter thickets of bushes, rough terrain, forest debris, and snowdrifts. Taking all this into account, you should choose travel gear and equipment.

Selecting and preparing skis for the trip

The main requirement for skis is strength and lightness. In conditions of one-day hikes, if the route also passes through flat or slightly rough terrain and dense snow, they are better suited touring skis with rigid bindings, with a bow that presses the boot welt against the metal pins. For forest routes and when driving on very rough terrain, on loose snow and off-road, it is better to have “Tourist” type skis; they are slightly wider than walking skis, much stronger and do not sink deep into fresh snow. To make it easy for a skier to control his movement in the forest and on rough terrain, the skis should not be too long.
Bindings are chosen depending on the hiking conditions and type of ski. On regular recreational skis it is better to use rigid welt bindings. They are light, comfortable and reliable. For multi-day difficult hikes, welted hard fastenings are not suitable. On such routes you should use semi-rigid universal fastenings with metal springs. The welt of the boot in such fastenings is fixed in the cheeks. Such fastenings allow you to go hiking in almost any shoe: ski boots, work boots, hiking boots, felt boots. To prevent snow from sticking under the heel of the boot, rubber pads are nailed to the cargo area of ​​the skis, preferably made of microporous rubber 2 - 3 mm thick.
Ski poles better from duralumin tubes of the “Moscow” type.
Before going on a trip, skis must be tarred with a special resin. Tar prevents skis from swelling under the influence of moisture, strengthens the wood, and improves the bond of ointments with the ski.
In case your skis, bindings, or poles break, you need to learn how to repair them. To do this, the group must have repair tool kit, materials, spare parts: pliers, screwdriver, file, awl, light hammer, scissors, ski binding kit, pole rings, spare ski, plywood, aluminum, tin plates for pads, copper and steel wire, nails, screws, keeper tape .

The most exciting type of active recreation is ski tourism. During a ski trip, a tourist spends a long time in the purest frosty air. Uniform muscular load, smooth gliding, the beauty of winter nature, a quick change of impressions, communication with a group of tourists - all this gives a great charge of positive emotions.

A tourist skier actively engages the muscles of his arms, legs, abdomen, and back. Therefore, skiing is an excellent means of general physical training, which will help improve health, become stronger, more resilient, and hardened.
With good glide, even a novice skier can go at a speed of 6 - 8 km/h without much difficulty.
However, it should be borne in mind that weekend ski trips are different from an ordinary ski trip, and preparation for them must be more thorough. During a winter hike, tourists are exposed to low temperatures for quite a long time (6 - 8 hours). The group’s path also passes through open areas of terrain not protected by forests, in strong winds, and through virgin snow. On the way you may encounter thickets of bushes, rough terrain, forest debris, and snowdrifts. Taking all this into account, you should choose travel gear and equipment.

Skier-tourist equipment

The basic equipment requirements for a skier-tourist include:

• maximum lightness,
• ease of use,
• durability and convenience,
• wind and moisture resistance,
• ability to retain maximum heat at subzero temperatures.

Selecting and preparing skis for the trip

The main requirement for skis is strength and lightness. In conditions of one-day hikes, if the route also passes through flat or slightly rough terrain and dense snow, walking skis with rigid bindings, with a bow that presses the boot welt to the metal pins, are better suited. For forest routes and when driving on very rough terrain, on loose snow and off-road, it is better to have “Tourist” type skis; they are slightly wider than walking skis, much stronger and do not sink deep into fresh snow. To make it easy for a skier to control his movement in the forest and on rough terrain, the skis should not be too long.

Bindings are chosen depending on the hiking conditions and type of ski. On regular recreational skis it is better to use rigid welt bindings. They are light, comfortable and reliable. For multi-day difficult hikes, welted hard fastenings are not suitable. On such routes you should use semi-rigid universal fastenings with metal springs. The welt of the boot in such fastenings is fixed in the cheeks. Such fastenings allow you to go hiking in almost any shoe: ski boots, work boots, hiking boots, felt boots. To prevent snow from sticking under the heel of the boot, rubber pads are nailed to the cargo area of ​​the skis, preferably made of microporous rubber 2-3 mm thick.
Ski poles are better made from duralumin tubes of the “Moscow” type.

Before going on a trip, skis must be tarred with a special resin. Tar prevents skis from swelling under the influence of moisture, strengthens the wood, and improves the bond of ointments with the ski.
In case your skis, bindings, or poles break, you need to learn how to repair them. To do this, the group must have a repair kit of tools, materials, spare parts: pliers, a screwdriver, a file, an awl, a light hammer, scissors, a set of ski bindings, rings for poles, a spare ski, plywood, aluminum, tin plates for pads, copper wire and steel, nails, screws, keeper tape.

Skier's clothing and footwear

The best shoe option is hiking boots, which should be one or two sizes larger than the size you wear. They should be impregnated with grease to impart water-repellent properties. You need to put on warm woolen socks of coarse knitting (1-2 pairs), over which you put old nylon stockings (to protect the socks from quickly rubbing).
On multi-day hikes, it is recommended to wear shoe covers - snow-resistant stockings. They keep shoes, socks and bottoms of pants dry when driving in deep, powdery snow. The most rational form of shoe covers is in the form of a rectangular bag. Shoe covers are made from thin tarpaulin or nylon parachute fabric.

To protect against wind and snowstorms, flannel masks measuring 20X20 cm with holes for the eyes and mouth are used.
Clothing for tourism should be windproof, warm, light, and not restrict movement. Woolen underwear is recommended, trousers made of thin canvas or nylon, bologna; shirt - flannel is better. When moving, you should not dress very warmly, so as not to sweat, but you should definitely wear a windbreaker or a light windproof jacket over your sweater. On your head - a ski cap, or even better, a helmet cap, which in strong winds can be lowered over your face and neck, which helps prevent frostbite. Wool mittens, enclosed in durable canvas mittens, will reliably protect your hands from frost and wind.

You should take extra warm socks, warm mittens, a sweater, and a jacket with you. The jacket will come in handy at rest stops to keep you warm after the trek. Warm clothes will help out in case of sudden bad weather.
In addition, you need to put everything for lunch in your backpack - sandwiches, a mug, a thermos with hot tea.

Clothes of a skier-tourist should consist of:

• thermal underwear,
• wool tracksuit,
• wool and cotton socks,
• long warm sweater with a high neck,
• 1-2 woolen hats (balaclava),
• woolen and special mittens with gauntlets.

Tourist ski shoes

Much attention is paid to the shoes of the tourist skier. Boots must be worn in, soaked in a special ointment (silicone cream), and have a wide welt. To protect them from getting wet and your feet from the cold, shoe covers made of any dense material are used. The simplest design of shoe covers is a bag sewn to the size of the boot to the knee or slightly higher.

Personal equipment of a skier-tourist

Rest personal equipment of a skier-tourist located in the backpack:

• a padded jacket or down jacket and a fur hat are placed on top so that they can be quickly taken out at a rest stop,
• additional wool suit and socks - in a separate waterproof bag,
• other things are selected in the same way as for a hiking trip.

Hiking skis should be somewhat shorter than cross-country skis and of good quality. Before going on a trip, the sliding surface must be lubricated with a special ski lubricant. The loops on the sticks need to be strengthened and the rings strengthened. Beginner groups should take a spare ski.

Group ski touring equipment

Group ski touring equipment so specific that you have to make it yourself. This applies to tents, stoves, group sleeping bags, drag sleighs, etc. Special books and brochures for tourists are devoted to their design and features. They should be carefully studied when planning an overnight ski trip in the field.

Pace and mode of movement on the route

A group of tourist skiers moves in a chain - single file, with an interval between the participants of the hike of 5 - 6 meters on the plain and 10 - 15 m on the slopes. The guide is the leader or one of the well-trained tourists. One of the strongest skiers also closes the group.
If you have to lay a ski track on whole snow, the following order of movement is adopted. The person in front lays the track for several minutes, then takes a step to the side and, letting the group go ahead, stands in line with the skiers in front of the one behind. Thus, the whole group participates in laying the ski tracks. The place of a leader is determined by circumstances. It can be a guide, it can be in the middle or at the end of the column.
The responsibilities of the leader include assisting with minor repairs of skis and poles. He sees the entire group and monitors the condition of the participants in the hike. The closing contact should not be changed during the day.

Daylight hours in winter are short, so you need to start your hike as early as possible. The mode of movement on a ski trip is approximately the same as on a walking trip. 15 - 20 minutes after leaving, you need to make the first stop, troubleshoot problems with packing your backpack, problems with equipment, and remove excess clothing. Subsequently, the group stops every 40-45 minutes to rest for 5-10 minutes.
There is no need to maintain strict intervals of movement and rest with good glide and tailwind. In this case, a rest stop is determined by the group leader, who must feel the state of the group and foresee the appropriateness of stops and rest.

At rest stops you should not sit on the snow. It is better to sit on the trunks of fallen trees, on stumps, having previously cleared them of snow and placed a backpack or jacket under them. Once you stop, you can take off your backpack, put it on your skis behind you and sit down. To stay warm while relaxing, you should wear a spare jacket or sweater.
At forced stops, they rest standing, propping up their backpack with ski poles.
During the hike, you should not drink cold water, much less quench your thirst with snow. At low temperatures and wind, transitions between rests can be reduced to 30 minutes, and rests to 3 - 5 minutes.

Safety rules for ski tourism

In ski tourism, it is necessary to strictly follow all safety rules so as not to find yourself in a difficult situation:

• One of the main rules is discipline, consciousness and mutual assistance among all participants in the hike.
• The group of tourists must be carefully staffed, everyone must have good physical and technical training.
• The development of the route should correspond to the experience and level of training of the group.
• It is necessary to always have spare options available.
• Strictly follow the traffic schedule and adhere to deadlines.
• It is also necessary to clearly think through the equipment, the availability of a first aid kit, a repair kit, and food.
• You must be able to organize an overnight stay in any conditions, as well as provide the victim with first-aid care and transport him to a safe place.

Protective measures against frostbite

Frostbite may occur when exposed to low temperatures. As a rule, the most vulnerable are the legs, fingers, and face - mainly due to poor equipment. Frostbite on the feet can be caused by tight shoes that impede blood circulation. When driving in a strong wind, you should periodically make short stops and monitor the condition of exposed areas of the body, since even with very little frost (3-4 degrees) there is a danger of frostbite.
If this does happen, you need to take shelter from the strong wind and wear warm clothes. In case of mild frostbite, carefully rub the affected area with your hand or dry, clean wool (do not rub with snow or a mitten, as damage to the skin and infection may occur) until the skin swelling disappears. Then you should apply a dry bandage or simply protect the area from exposure to low temperatures, for example, place a helmet cap on the frostbitten ear.

If frostbite is serious (blisters appear), then you should not rub the affected area. The frostbitten area should be treated and a sterile bandage applied. We must try to deliver the victim to a medical facility as soon as possible.
One of the most important means of preventing frostbite is pre-hardening the body - sleeping in a cool room with an open window or vent, morning exercises, washing in the air, washing your feet with cold water.

| Lesson plan for the academic year | Preparation and conduct of ski trips

Basics of life safety
6th grade

Lesson 9
Preparation and conduct of ski trips

Most of the territory of our country is covered with snow for a long period, and the snow cover lasts for several months. It is no coincidence that ski tourism today is not inferior to pedestrian tourism in terms of mass and accessibility.

In addition, skiing makes it possible to get to places that are difficult to reach in summer. Skiing in natural conditions gives an unforgettable experience.

On winter hikes ski tourists acquire skills to operate in harsh climatic conditions, overcome difficult obstacles and endure great physical exertion.

To take part in a multi-day ski trip in difficult winter conditions, requires serious and lengthy preparation. It is necessary to work out certain elements of the route, organizing a halt, spending the night, and overcoming various obstacles. It is necessary to carry out such training, moving from simple to complex, gradually accumulating experience and skills of camping life in winter conditions. Preparation for ski trips should take into account the main dangerous factors. These are, first of all, short daylight hours, low air temperatures, strong winds, and deep snow.

However, you should start preparing for ski trips by strengthening your physical health and hardening of the body. To prepare for a ski trip, you also need special training that will develop resistance to prolonged exposure to cold, the ability to breathe cold air and not catch a cold. In addition, it is necessary to acquire the skills of long-term skiing, master the technique of ascents, descents, and turns.

All this can be achieved through systematic ski training, which are carried out in physical education lessons, and independently during extracurricular hours. Measured skiing will help improve your health, develop endurance and harden your body. Constant ski training will teach you to correctly determine weather conditions and choose suitable clothing, care for your skis, evaluate your capabilities, and distribute your strength.

The clothes and shoes of a tourist skier should be warm, light, preferably waterproof, not restrict movement, and protected from the wind. The undershirt must be made of woolen fabric. Fitting tightly to the body, it limits heat transfer and absorbs sweat well. Damp wool retains heat better than others.

The sweater should be a tight knit, with a high tight collar and long sleeves. It provides protection from the cold in severe frost and wind.

Storm suit, consisting of a jacket with a hood and trousers, serves as protection from the wind. A storm jacket (storm jacket) should be a palm above the knees, very loose in the shoulders and armpits.

Mittens should be light, tight and loose so that they do not tighten when grasping a ski pole. A woolen cap or woolen balaclava is also required, and in strong winds, a fabric mask.

Ski boots should be loose enough to allow you to wear one pair of plain socks and two pairs of wool socks.

The insole in boots should be felt. As you remember, shoe covers can be used on ski trips to protect ski boots from snow and moisture. Shoe covers are made from tent fabric. The simplest design of shoe covers for a ski trip is a bag 45-50 cm long and 30-35 cm wide. Skis must provide the ability for tourists to move in various terrain conditions

. They should be wide, strong, reliable, and light. For ski tourism, not cross-country skis, but special tourist skis are used. These skis have a larger supporting surface and are 1-2 cm wider than cross-country skis. Touring skis are shorter than cross-country skis (their length is only 5-10 cm greater than the height of a tourist).

The composition of group and individual tourist equipment depends on the specific travel conditions. Thus, group equipment may include camping stoves, multi-sleeping bags, fuel (gasoline, dry alcohol, etc.), primus stoves.

The mode of movement during a ski trip is determined by the nature of the terrain, weather conditions and the level of physical fitness of the participants in the trip. Thus, a group of average fitness level (with experience of skiing) moves at a speed of up to 4 km/h; in a day it can cover 20-25 km. A group of beginners taking part in a hike for the first time moves at an average speed of 3 km/h and can cover 15-18 km in a day. The daily running time should not exceed 7 hours.

Tourists move on a ski trip on a ready-made ski track or on virgin soil.

The first to go on the ski track is the tourist who knows how to evenly maintain the given pace. The optimal distance between skiers in good weather is 8 - 10 m, with limited visibility no more than 4 m.

In cases where the ski track is re-laid, the strongest tourists walk at the head of the column and follow the ski track, constantly changing.

When moving in the forest, it is necessary to frequently check the direction of movement of the group using a compass. This is done by one of the trailing skiers, taking the direction of the skier going first as the line of movement.

When driving through a swamp, lake, river, or stream, special care should be taken. The most dangerous place on a river is the shoreline, and on a lake - the places where rivers flow or originate: the ice cover in this place can be thin. When driving along an unfamiliar body of water, you should stick to the paths laid by pedestrians.

Often in a swamp, river and lake, even in severe frost, there may be water under the snow. These places should be avoided, as snow immediately sticks to wet skis and movement becomes impossible.

Test yourself

■ Which elements of a ski tourist’s preparation do you consider the most important and why?
■ What are the features of a tourist skier’s equipment?
■ What factors need to be taken into account when preparing for a ski trip to ensure the safety of tourists?

After lessons

Using the text of the paragraph and special literature, prepare a message on the topic “Features of the movement of tourists-skiers on the route and the mode of the hike.”

If you are going to ski trip, then remember that snow and low air temperatures await you. Therefore, the equipment should provide you with warmth and protection from hypothermia

Preparing for a ski trip

Be sure to take 1-3 pairs of felt boots with you, depending on the number of people in the group. Felt boots will be needed for kitchen and campfire work at a rest stop, and also as spare shoes in case of damage to ski boots. Their size should be designed for the largest foot in the group.

Have a set of ski waxes, paraffin for all types of winter weather (including thaw), plugs for rubbing them, grease for impregnating shoes and spare bindings. It is also recommended to take one or two spare skis with you.

For more complex ski trips, you will need a special (double-layer) tent and a portable stove.

Before going on a hike, treat your backpack, tent, clothes, and shoes with water-repellent agents to protect them from dirt and water. If the route goes through places where there are a lot of blood-sucking insects, then saturate your tent and clothes with repellents.

The shoes are soaked in grease and, if necessary, stretched over the leg. To do this, the boots need to be kept in hot water (50-55 degrees) for ten minutes. Having taken the boots out of the water, insert insoles into them and put them on your feet while hot (with one or two pairs of thick woolen socks). After walking around in the boots for an hour or two, they are removed, stuffed with paper and lubricated. Shoes are impregnated with slight heating.

For a ski trip, tourists must have the following:

Personal equipment:

Insulated padding polyester jacket (2 or 3 layers)

Trousers (light, windproof, durable), insulated pants.

Ski cap

Balaclava

Sweater (wool, polar)

Turtleneck or vest (woolen) – 2 pcs.

Thermal underwear

Hiking boots (hard sole, toe and heel, soaked in cream)

Woolen and cotton socks, 3-4 pairs each.

Windproof mask, handkerchief.

Ski boots with felt insoles inside. Two sizes larger than regular shoes.

"Flashlights" to protect boots.

Gloves, mittens.

Thermos 0.5-1 liter.

Toiletries.

Bowl, spoon, mug (see “Cutware for camping”).

Skis, poles.

Backpack, sleeping bag (Extreme temperature down to minus 20-30 degrees).

Personal repair kit (needles, threads).

Electric flashlight

Group equipment:

Special tent

Lightweight portable stove

Saw, axes, shovels, cooking utensils, bucket (or pans), ladle, rope

Ropes, candles, matches (in sealed packaging), dry fuel.

Keep repair kits in stock to repair breakdowns!

Daily routine, movement specifics

A skier's daily routine on a hike depends on the length of daylight, frost and the need to spend more time setting up camp and getting ready in the morning (as opposed to hiking). At low temperatures, it is recommended to go out on the route no earlier than 9-10 a.m., and also to reduce short rests.

When moving on a finished ski track, the overall pace is determined by the speed of the slowest skier. Remember to avoid sudden jerks. Periodic overheating and cooling in the cold is dangerous to health. And along the route there will not always be conditions to change and dry clothes wet from sweat. When moving on virgin snow, the pace of the group is determined by the speed of laying the ski tracks.

There are several options for laying ski tracks. In a large group, it is advisable to select a team of strong tourists to track the ski tracks. Or organize alternate movement. While one group is resting, the other is laying a ski track. And then the rested tourists overtake their comrades, and they stop to rest.

In areas with deep snow and heavy backpacks, alternate tracking without backpacks is used. And having broken through the ski track, the tourist lets the group pass, returns for a backpack and catches up with his comrades.

The order of movement on the ski slope must ensure the safety of the group and take into account the capabilities of each skier. The sequence of descent, the path is determined by the leader.

Please remember that descents should only be carried out in places where there is a complete guarantee of avalanche safety.

A special feature of the ski trip is that the path can be laid directly through frozen swamps and ponds. But if possible, you need to use a ready-made ski track or sled road. You can move along clearings, open forests and river beds. It is easier to go where the snow is less deep.

Attention! Avalanche danger and thin ice.

In winter, avalanche danger increases. Do not plan to cross concave landforms such as snow craters, avalanche chutes, under ridges with overhanging cornices and where there is a lot of snow in an unstable condition.

It is also prohibited to start moving through an avalanche-prone area during sudden warming or cold weather, a drop in pressure, during and in the first two days after a snowfall, blizzard, or rain.

Avoid crossing the slope and its longitudinal depressions. Move as fast as possible in the rockfall zone. Stay safe in the most dangerous areas. Do not make sharp turns or falls.

Also stay away from areas on bodies of water with thin ice, where running water flows into or out of a lake or river. Conduct a reconnaissance of an unknown body of water and determine its reliability for group movement by hitting the ice with sticks.

Meals on a ski trip.

Tourists spend more calories on ski trips than on foot. Since low temperatures, strong winds, snow and overcoming obstacles require a lot of strength and energy from the skier. Therefore, the diet of a ski tourist should be high-calorie; the correct ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, a variety of foods, their vitamin content and the possibility of consuming some foods without cooking are especially important. The products should replenish the tourist’s energy costs from 3500 to 6000 kcal, depending on the complexity of the hike.

Where can you go skiing in winter?

In the Southern Urals, winter hikes to Taganay and Iremel, Zyuratkul and the Beloretsk region are especially loved by ski tourists.