Spare anchor on a ship. Ship anchors. Matrosov's anchor: design features Spare anchor on a ship

The anchor device (Fig. 6.9) must:

ensure reliable anchorage of the vessel in roadsteads and on the high seas;
hold in place a vessel that is simultaneously anchored (anchors) on mooring lines;
serve as one of the means of refloating a vessel;
facilitate vessel control in cramped navigation conditions.

Each vessel must have an anchor supply, as well as stoppers for fastening the anchors in a stowed manner, devices for fastening and releasing the main ends of the anchor chains, mechanisms for releasing and lifting the anchors and for holding the vessel on them when the anchors are released.

Rice. 6.9. Composition of the vessel's anchor device:
1 – deadlift anchor; 2 – anchor bracket; 3 – swivel; 4 – anchor chain; 5 – side fairlead; 6 – anchor pipe; 7 – deck fairlead; 8 – chain stopper; 9 – screw stopper; 10 – windlass; 11 – chain pipe; 12 – chain box; 13 – emergency release device of the anchor chain

The following types of anchors are allowed to supply ships: Hall, Gruzon, Admiralty (Fig. 6.10).

Rice. 6.10. Anchors:
a) - Admiralty; b) - Hall; c) - Matrosova; d) - Gruzona

Ship anchors include: dead anchors, spare anchors, stop anchors, rope anchors, drecks, ice anchors and cats.

The main anchors are constantly inserted into the fairleads and are used for anchoring (Fig. 6.11). To fulfill its main purpose, a ship's anchor must have good holding force, quickly pick up soil, and also re-enter the soil after failures; maintain a constant holding force when changing the direction of the anchor chain; when lifted, it is easy to separate from the ground, compact, durable, easy to manufacture and cheap.

Rice. 6.11. Hall Anchor:
1 – bracket; 2 – spindle; 3 – paws; 4 – box

Spare anchors are identical in design and weight to dead anchors and are stored in specially designated areas on the deck or hold.

Stop anchors serve to hold the vessel in a certain direction; they are usually launched from the stern and account for 1/3 of the weight of the anchor anchor.

Verps serve the same purpose as stop anchors. The weight of the verp is 1/2 the weight of the stop anchor. Drecks are small boat anchors.

Cats are three- or four-legged anchors weighing several kilograms. Mainly used to find sunken or catch floating objects.

Rice. 6.12. Anchor chain links

Anchor chains must be completed from separate bows. The bows must be connected to each other by connecting links (Fig. 6.12). Depending on their location in the chain, the bows are divided:

on an anchor, attached to an anchor;
to intermediate ones;
on the main chain, attached to the chain release device.

The anchor bow (Fig. 6.13) must have a swivel to prevent the chain from twisting, and an end bracket connected to the anchor bracket.

Rice. 6.13. Anchor bow:
1 – anchor spindle; 2 – anchor bracket; 3 – end bracket; 4 – end link; 5 – reinforced link; 6 – swivel; 7 – normal link

Intermediate bows must have a length of at least 25 and no more than 27.5 m and consist of an odd number of links. The total length of the two chains, determined from the supply tables, is only the sum of the lengths of the intermediate links without the anchor and main links. If the resulting number of intermediate links is odd, then the starboard side chain must have one more intermediate link than the port side chain.

The main bow must consist of a special link of increased dimensions (so that it passes freely along the sprocket of the anchor mechanism), attached to the device for releasing the chain, and the minimum number of common and enlarged links necessary to form a section of chain into an independent bow.

The thickness of anchor chains is measured by the cross-sectional diameter of the link at the point of contact with another link. The diameter of the specified section is called the chain gauge. Chain links must have a transverse brace - buttresses. The most common link for connecting the links of anchor chains is Kentera (Fig. 6.14).

Rice. 6.14. Kenter's link

During the operation of the vessel, the first links of the anchor chain are subject to greater wear, since the vessel more often anchors at shallow depths. To ensure uniform wear of the anchor chain, after a certain period of operation, the first bows are riveted and moved to the main one. Sometimes the anchor chain is turned over. If the bows were connected using staples, then they must be rearranged with their backs facing the anchor.

Connecting links and brackets do not have equal strength in all directions. This must be taken into account and the connecting brackets (links) must not be allowed to bend when anchoring and moving from it - under load they do not rest on the stem, do not stop at the sprocket and in similar positions.

Anchor chains must be marked (Fig. 6.15). Several marking methods are used. One of them is the following:

on the first bow - the last link with the spacer of the first bow and the first link with the spacer of the second bow are painted white, and stamps from several strands of annealed (soft) wire are placed on the spacers of these links;
on the second link, two links with spacers at the end of the second link and two similar links at the beginning of the third link are painted white, and wire hoses are placed on the spacers of the second links; - on the third link - three links with spacers of the third and fourth links are painted, respectively, and wire hoses are placed on the spacers of the third links.

The same breakdown is made on the fourth and fifth bows. Starting from the end of the sixth bow, the order of breakdown is repeated.

Rice. 6.15. Anchor chain markings

When releasing or lifting the anchor, it is necessary to know quite accurately how much of the anchor chain is etched overboard. The assistant captain located on the forecastle reports this to the bridge.

The existing paint on the links should be renewed at every opportunity. Damaged wire marks must be immediately replaced with new ones, and copper wire marks should not be placed on the iron chain.

The main link of the anchor chain is attached in a chain box to the hull using a special device that has a drive to the upper deck (Fig. 6.16). The force applied to the drive handle releases the folding hook with the end link attached behind it, as a result of which the anchor chain is completely released.

Rice. 6.16. Fastening the main end of the anchor chain:
1 – chain box bulkhead; 2 – niche; 3 – anchor chain; 4 – folding hook; 5 – butt; 6 – lever; 7 – thrust roller; 8 – drive rod

The anchor chain on ships is placed in a chain box - located under the windlass (Fig. 6.17). Chain boxes are narrow and high, which makes it easier for the chain to stack itself without the danger of it falling over. Stowing the anchor chain in such a box requires only supervision.

Figure 6.17. Chain box

Stoppers. Each anchor chain must have at least three stoppers. Stoppers are divided into stationary and portable.

Deck stops are of two types - screw and with a cap (Fig. 6.18 – 6.20). Screw stoppers are used for anchor chains whose caliber does not exceed 72 mm. For chains of larger diameter - stoppers with a cap pin. All deck stops are designed to securely secure the anchor chain when anchors are pulled into fairleads.

Rice. 6.18. Deck stops:
a) – screw; b) – mortgage; c) – pendulum; d) – chain;
1 – arc; 2 – clamping block; 3 – screw spindle; 4 – handle; 5 – pillow; 6 – deck butt; 7 – screw lanyard; 8 – verb-hack; 9 – anchor chain

Portable deck stoppers include chain stoppers, consisting of a piece of chain, one end of which is attached to a butt on the deck or to bollards, and the other end, equipped with a hook or a fork (hag), is placed in the anchor chain.

Rice. 6.19. Screw stopper

The tape stopper is stationary and is located on the windlass. The anchor chain is held when the anchor is released using a tape stopper.

Anchor and deck fairleads are used to pass the anchor chain through the ship's hull (Fig. 6.21). Deck fairleaes are closed with special covers to prevent water from entering the deck and chain boxes.

Rice. 6.21. Deck and anchor hawse

The lifting mechanisms of the anchor device come with a horizontally located drive shaft - windlass, with a vertically located one - capstans and anchor-mooring winches.

A windlass (spire) is an electric or hydraulic machine used to release and retrieve the anchor (Fig. 6.22). Forecast capstans are mainly installed on large displacement vessels, passenger and specialized.

Rice. 6.22. Windlass with mooring winch:
1 – turkey; 2 – tape stopper; 3 – pendulum stopper; 4 – deck fairlead; 5 – drum with mooring rope; 6 – windlass control panel

Preparing to release the anchor is carried out under the direction of the assistant captain and is performed in the following order:

remove the metal valves from the anchor fairlead, as well as the canvas cover or plug from the deck fairlead, through which the anchor chain passes into the chain locker;
check the condition of the anchor chain in the chain box (the chain should not be twisted) and make sure that there are no people in the chain box;
check the tape stopper, after which all additional stoppers placed on the anchor chain are released;
the operability of the windlass at idle is checked;
make sure that there are no foreign objects overboard the vessel that could interfere with the free release of the anchor;
release the anchor under the fairlead and hold it on a tape stopper;
report to the bridge that the anchor is ready to release.

On command from the bridge, the boatswain releases the band stopper (Fig. 6.23). The vessel's small reverse motion allows the anchor to pick up soil faster and prevents the anchor chain from falling onto the anchor. The anchor chain should be fed at a moderate speed so that the chain can be easily stopped the moment the anchor touches the ground. If released quickly, the chain may fall on the anchor and become entangled around its legs, as a result of which they will not be able to enter the ground. Subsequently, the anchor chain is released as it is tensioned, gradually delaying it, since it is necessary to stop the progress of the vessel. Do not forcefully tighten the band stopper. If the anchor chain becomes taut and then loosens, the anchor can be considered to be holding the ship and it has stopped moving.

Rice. 6.23. Anchor release process

As the chain is etched, the assistant reports to the bridge about the number of bows “on the windlass” or “in the water”, the tension of the chain (weak, medium, strong) and the direction of the chain relative to the centerline of the vessel. At the same time, the boatswain duplicates the report by striking the bell, the number of strikes corresponds to the number of etched bows (from the sixth, the countdown begins again).

At great depths, the anchor should not be released immediately, since the anchor and the links of the first bow may be damaged by hitting the ground. At depths of 30 to 50 m, the anchor chain should be etched slowly using a tape stopper until the anchor rests on the ground. At depths of more than 50 m, the anchor chain must be released using a windlass connected to the chain drum, stop the anchor at a small height above the ground, then disconnect the windlass and release using a tape stopper.

When it is established that the anchor is holding (taken), a black ball is raised on the forecastle during the day, and at night the anchor lights are turned on and the running lights are turned off.

After the vessel has been anchored, the chain drums should not be left connected to the windlass running mechanism; it is only necessary to securely clamp the band stopper and then, as required by the situation, apply additional temporary stoppers to the anchor chain.

In order to visually control from the bridge whether the chain is poisoning or not, it is recommended to stick a pole into the link (Fig. 6.24).

Rice. 6.24. Ship at anchor

In some ports and roadsteads, ships rest on mooring barrels and bridles (Fig. 6.25). The advantage of placing a vessel on barrels and bridles is that the reliability of anchorage increases, the vessels occupy a smaller water area, thereby saving the water area of closed roadsteads. In ports where there is draft, barrels are used to move the ship away from the pier.

Rice. 6.25. Installation of barrels:
1 – vertical and horizontal cylindrical barrels; 2 – chain bridle; 3 – dead anchor; 4 – butt

Placing a vessel on barrels is a complex operation that, as a rule, requires outside assistance (tugs, boats), especially if the vessel is in ballast and the installation is carried out in difficult hydrometeorological conditions in the presence of wind and current.

The vessel is secured to the barrels using mooring ropes or an anchor chain. The mooring ropes on the barrel are attached to the bridle eye with a duplin, i.e., the running end of the mooring rope, after being threaded into the eye, is returned to the ship and secured to the bollards (Fig. 6.26). With this method of supplying the mooring cable when shooting from a barrel, there is no need to send people to the barrel for release.

Rice. 6.26. Schemes for attaching cables and chains to raid barrels:
a) - hollow; b), c) - rigging shackle; d) - half-double

Steel mooring lines can be secured to the eye using a shackle. Vegetable and synthetic mooring ropes are fastened with a half-hollow - the end of the rope is threaded through the eye of the bridle and secured to the mooring rope using a plant rope. If anchor chains are supplied to the mooring barrels, they are secured using a connecting anchor shackle.

Various options for placing the vessel on barrels are possible: on one, on two, or with winding the anchor chain (Fig. 6.27).

Rice. 6.27. Attaching the anchor chain to the barrel eye:
1 - mooring cable; 2 - the cable is doubled on both sides; 3 - anchor chain; 4 - plant end

Preparing to raise the anchor carried out in the following order:

check the reliability of fastening of the tape stopper;
check the windlass (spire) in action at idle speed;
connect the chain drums to the windlass mechanism;
give additional stoppers (if they were applied);
open the water to wash the anchor chain and inform the bridge that the windlass is ready for operation.

Removing the anchor chain, so as not to overload the windlass, begins at the lowest speed and turns on the anchor chain washing system. On command received from the bridge, the band stopper is released and the windlass is turned on. When retrieving the anchor chain, monitor its direction - if the chain rests on a bend through the stem, it is necessary to temporarily stop retrieving it, waiting for the moment when the bow of the vessel is again turned in the right direction. If this is not done, the anchor chain, experiencing excessive stress during bending, may break or become severely deformed.

When the boat moves forward, the speed of removing the chain can be increased, but it is necessary to ensure that the chain has time to wash well and goes into the chain box clean. You should also not allow the ship to accelerate too much, so that the chain does not go under the ship's hull.

During the process of retrieving the anchor chain, the assistant captain constantly reports to the bridge about the number of bows on the windlass or in the water, the tension and direction of the chain relative to the centerline of the vessel. At the same time, the following signals are sent to the bell:

the number of bows remaining in the water is struck with separate blows;
“Paner” rope – frequent ringing of the bell;
the anchor “rose” (took off the ground) - one ring of the bell;
the anchor came out of the water (clean/unclean) - two rings of the bell;
anchor in the fairlead (in place) - three rings of the bell.

When the anchor is pulled up to the paner, that is, when the anchor chain is directed vertically to the water level, and the anchor itself has not yet come off the ground (Fig. 6.28), this is reported to the bridge by sending a set signal.

Rice. 6.28. Paner anchor

The moment the anchor comes off can be easily determined by the operation of the windlass, which immediately begins to increase the rotation speed after reducing the load; at the same time, the anchor chain immediately weakens. The moment the anchor lifts off the ground - “the anchor is up” - is the transition of the vessel from the “at anchor” state to the “underway” state. It is necessary to lower the balloon or turn off the anchor lights and turn on the running lights.

Under favorable weather conditions, until the anchor has left the water, the vehicle should not be moved, as the anchor may be “unclean.” When the anchor leaves the water, they report to the bridge that “the anchor is out of the water, clean” or “the anchor is unclean.”

When the anchor reaches the hawse when withdrawing the chain, the windlass motor is stopped. The anchor, lifted from the ground, should be thoroughly rinsed with a stream of water.

Then the windlass is turned on again in order to finally pull the anchor into the hawse, and you should not miss the moment of timely stopping of the windlass. A late stop will lead to the fact that a link in the anchor chain may be torn and the anchor will be lost. The anchor drawn into the hawse must be selected “to the point”, that is, so that its legs are well pressed against the hull plating, this eliminates the possibility of the anchor moving in the pipe during the rocking of the vessel. To determine the position of the anchor in the hawse, it is recommended to place marks with white paint on the deck stop and on the anchor chain link, the coincidence of which will indicate that the anchor has been selected to the correct position and is in the correct position. At the end, they report to the bridge with three blows to the bell and the words “Anchor in the hawse!”

When shooting from two anchors, first select the anchor that has less anchor chain in the water, or the anchor of the side that is located closer to the dangers and nearby ships. If the angle between the chains is small, they can be selected simultaneously.

The process of filming a ship from barrels in calm weather is not difficult. First, all the stern ends are released, then the bow ends, and the mooring cable supplied by the dugline is given last. In the presence of wind and current, they resort to the help of a tugboat, especially if the direction of the wind and current does not coincide with the center plane of the vessel. In this case, also, first all the stern mooring lines are released, then the bow ones, leaving the wound hole. Having released the last mooring line from the stern, they maneuver to the exit, releasing and then releasing the bow mooring cable.

When setting and unanchoring, you must do the following: safety regulations:

it is prohibited to leave a working windlass unattended;
Before releasing the anchor or lifting it, you should make sure that there are no people in the chain box and on the tension line of the anchor chain;
before releasing the anchor, it is necessary to check that there are no boats, barges or other watercraft under the bow of the vessel;
when releasing or lifting the anchor, the boatswain must wear safety glasses and a helmet to protect against rust and dirt;
When moored at a pier or in a roadstead, it is prohibited to leave anchors in fairleads secured only with tape stoppers. Anchor chains must be additionally secured with screw stoppers;
When cleaning the chain box, the operation of the windlass must be stopped and the anchor chains taken to the screw stoppers. Explosion-proof lamps must be used for lighting. The anchor chain, both in the chain box and on the deck, should only be handled with a tool.

Cleaning the anchor produced as follows (Fig. 6.29). First pull the anchor as close to the fairlead as possible. Then, under someone else’s chain, an earring is inserted through the bow bale strip, which is tightened and attached to the bollard. After this, they poison their own anchor chain with a windlass, causing the entire mass of the raised alien chain (or cable) to fall on the earring, and the paws of their anchor are freed. Then the anchor is carefully pulled towards the fairlead, making sure that the paws do not again catch on someone else’s chain (or cable) hanging on the earring. When the anchor spindle is pulled into the hawse, one end of the earring is given away, and the cable is pulled onto the deck. Only after this can the car be set in motion.

Rice. 6.29. Clearing an anchor from another vessel's chain

When a ship is anchored on two anchors, when it turns 180°, a so-called cross is formed (Fig. 6.30). To draw a cross, you first need to select the anchor whose chain is located below. In this case, the chain of the second anchor needs to be slightly weakened. The cross will disappear the moment the first anchor is “paner”.

Rice. 6.30. Twisting of anchor chains - “cross”

When the ship turns 360°, when the anchor chains cross twice, a double cross is formed, which is called a kryzh (Fig. 6.31). To deploy the roof, it is necessary to turn the vessel in the direction opposite to the twisting of the chains by 360°. In practice, it is impossible to do this on your own; the help of tugboats is required. When wiring yourself, you need to rivet one of the chains and secure the ends to the ship. Then act according to the situation.

Rice. 6.31. Anchor chains formed "roofs"

For cleaning the anchor in a traveling manner the anchor chain is clamped with a deck stopper and chain stoppers are applied; then they close the anchor fairleads with sliding shields and batten down the deck fairleads. The control post for the electric windlass is covered with a cover. Deck fairleaes during short passages are covered with lids or canvas covers - trousers. On long-distance passages, especially in stormy sailing conditions, it is recommended to cement the deck hawse: close the deck hawse with specially made wooden wedges and, after caulking with tow, pour cement mortar on top. This method of closing the hawse is the most reliable; it completely protects the chain boxes from water getting into them.

The anchor device should be kept in good condition, ensuring its constant readiness for use. During operation you must:

Regularly paint and mark the anchor chain;
regularly check the condition of the anchor chain and parts of its attachment to the ship’s hull;
keep the device for emergency release of the main end in good working order;
check the windlass (spire) at idle speed each time before using it;
keep anchor chains clean and always wash them when lifting; Anchor chains must be locked while the vessel is moving. It is prohibited to sail with anchors not retracted; clean chain boxes once a year from dirt and rust;
in winter, ice-covered anchors or anchor chains must be freed from ice before working with them (thawing, moving from place);
do not leave the connecting bracket of the anchor chain on the sprocket of the windlass (capstan), for which purpose, after stopping the windlass, the chain should be set;
if there is a berth under an anchor hanging on an anchor chain or if outboard work is being carried out, take the anchor chain onto two stoppers. It is also necessary to secure the anchor chain with two stoppers if any work is carried out on it or in the chain box.

auxiliary anchor on a ship, used when refloating the ship
m. Morsk. small anchor, imported anchor, anchor, imported, four-legged or two-legged. Verp, pull, conceal the ship with a load thrown by a rope; -sya, go on delivery, drag on delivery. Verpovanie Wed. movement of the vessel for delivery, delivery
a small anchor used to pull a ship afloat

MOORINGS

m. Morsk. Volzhsk berth rope, perlin (Volga shayma, jamb), with which ships in the harbor are tied to the poles and piles. Moor, moor the ship for the winter. -sya, they suffer. and return Spare mooring line, fifth anchor on the ship

HELLO

a call from or to a ship: hey, listen! we, however, are more often called by the name of the ship, adding on; eg In Smolensk! On Voivode! or simply: On the ship! On the brig! from there they respond: alo or there is, i.e. we listen

APANER

or Paner M. Morsk. vertical position of the anchor rope; an anchor on a paner or a ship has come to a paner when the rope is raised and pulled to a plumb line or almost

DUCK

a useful thing on a ship, which is a two-horned metal part mounted on the deck or other part of the ship, for attaching running rigging to it
in shipbuilding - a device for temporarily securing the end of a tackle on a ship
useful thing on a ship
device on board a ship for temporarily securing the end of a mooring rope

A sea anchor is a device that is vital for a small vessel, be it an inflatable boat or a sailing yacht. It helps a small sailing vessel to drift, and a boat to stay in place in strong currents, wind, and high waves.

The floating type is safe for inflatables and PVC boats because. cannot damage them, unlike metal and other types of anchors. This article will tell you what types of anchors are used for small boats, how the floating device works, whether you can make it yourself and how much it costs in stores.

The main task of this device is to hold the boat or yacht in place, regardless of the wind, waves, current speed, etc. Since ancient times, since man launched the first boat on the water, he has used an anchor. And if thousands of years ago they used an ordinary stone, which was tied with a rope, then in the modern world there are many types of it, for every taste and suitable for a vessel of any type and size, from an inflatable boat to a transatlantic liner.

Since the Middle Ages, when they began to use iron in the manufacture of anchors, many varieties have appeared. The main modern types are:

Admiralty;
"plow";
mushroom;
Danforth anchor;
Hall anchor;
"cat";
gravitational;
not lost;
pyramidal;
sucker;
floating.

The main task is to hold the vessel in place by gripping the bottom, but only an anchor, called a floating anchor, performs this task without direct contact with the bottom soil.

In the event that a boat or sailing yacht must slow down and remain in place, and the weather and natural conditions are unfavorable (strong current, wind, high waves), using a conventional anchor is difficult, because when stopping, a light vessel on a conventional anchor becomes unstable, he begins to spin and toss on the waves. And if a yacht or boat turns sideways towards the wave, the vessel may capsize.

The next advantage of the floating option is that it can be used at great depths, where a regular one will not reach the bottom, and accordingly, the vessel will not be able to stay in place.

Also, a floating anchor is used in case of unforeseen situations, when the ship cannot move further (accident), but cannot deviate from the chosen course and is forced to drift until help arrives.

The floating option is used on small vessels, such as boats (inflatable, PVC, etc.) of various types, as well as sailing yachts. Practice has shown that on large ships the use of a floating option is ineffective. Small vessels are always equipped with two types of structures - a regular and a floating anchor.

It is worth considering that when using a regular anchor for a boat, when tossing it on the waves, a regular iron anchor can damage its bottom, while when using a floating one, this is impossible.

Sizes are of great importance, because... the effectiveness of its use depends on this, just like when choosing a regular one, the main parameter is weight. It must be sufficient to hold the vessel in place. For a floating anchor, the main parameter is the size to cope with the force of the current and hold the ship or boat in place.

What does a drogue look like and how does it work?

This type has a truncated cone shape and is made from waterproof fabrics such as tarpaulin, canvas, etc. A metal hoop is sewn into its base, this is done to strengthen the structure. Essentially, it is a net with the end cut off, but the handle is replaced with slings that are attached to the main rope connecting the device to the boat or yacht. The number of lines is usually 4 pieces, and a cable is also attached to its base for pulling it out of the water. The structure is equipped with a buoy, which indicates its location in the water relative to the vessel.

Lowering into the water is carried out from the bow of the vessel, the device is positioned with its base towards it, held by an anchor rope, the buoy is located on the surface. The dome fills with water, expands, the ship turns its nose in the direction of the wind, and is held in place due to the resistance of the dome to the current. As a result, the drift is reduced, the boat does not turn sideways towards the wave, and takes on a fairly stable position. Its mechanism of action is similar to a parachute in the air.

In stormy sea conditions, additional oil or animal fat can be used. They are known to dampen waves by forming a thin film of fat on the sea surface that prevents the formation of ridges. As a result, the kinetic energy of the wave is dampened, which prevents it from overturning or destroying the ship.

Kinds

There are several types of sea anchors, differing in shape:

cone-shaped. It has the shape of a truncated cone; to strengthen the base, a metal hoop is sewn along the edge;
pyramidal. It has the appearance of a truncated pyramid, the base is reinforced with a metal or wooden cross;
parachute. It is made in the form of a dome, similar to a parachute;
stormy. This type is a strip to which a triangular panel is attached, and an iron anchor is tied to its lower edge for weighting. A sling is attached to the end of each corner, 3 slings are tied to the main rope;
Jordan's drogues. A type of storm anchor, it consists of several cone-shaped floating anchors on one rope; during a storm it is more effective than a single device.

In stormy conditions, it is also possible to make a floating anchor from scrap materials - oars or using a release hook. A piece of tarpaulin, a canvas cover, or even a sail is tied to this improvised crosspiece. An ordinary iron anchor is attached to one of the corners for greater weight, and slings from the ends are tied to a rope. When lowered into the water, this homemade structure will take a vertical position and will act on the principle of a real floating anchor.

The material used for manufacturing is waterproof fabric, ranging from polyethylene to tarpaulin and canvas. The service life of such a product depends on the material.

How to do it yourself?

Some hobbyists prefer to make various devices themselves, this also applies to such a device as a floating anchor. The main task in this case is to determine all working dimensions. If for conventional anchors the main parameter is the weight, which should be 1% of the weight of the vessel with maximum load, then in the case of a floating option, the dimensions of the dome (external and internal diameters), the length of the slings and the main rope will be fundamental.

Typically, a pattern originally drawn on paper is used for sewing. You will also need material, it should be a dense, rigid fabric with waterproof properties (tarpaulin, canvas, etc.), rope and special glue.

The pattern is laid out on the fabric and the blank is cut out. If the fabric is very dense, you can sew a dome from several parts. With this manufacturing option, you need to leave seam allowances for each part. Then the workpiece is stitched with strong threads; it is better to use synthetics, because... it has high weather-resistant qualities.

Next, a hoop for the base of the structure is made from durable material. If the shape is pyramidal, then make a cross to which the edges of the fabric blank are attached. After this, the slings are sewn on, most often there are 4 of them. If, when hanging, the anchor hangs strictly parallel to the ground, then it is balanced; if not, then the distance between the lines is adjusted. Finally, the slings are assembled into a knot and sewn to the main rope. All seams must be treated with waterproof adhesive, such as sealant.

Where can I buy it?

If you don’t want to waste time making an anchor with your own hands, you can buy it at the store. They are usually sold in specialized stores that sell goods for outdoor activities, tourism, hunting and fishing. You can also buy it in the online store. Prices depend on both the seller and the size required. The table provides examples of prices and addresses of store websites.

The price range depends on the manufacturer, quality of material and size. In order to make a choice, you need to know what size it should be (depending on the size of the boat or yacht), the preferred material of manufacture, etc.

A sea anchor is very effective in conditions of great depths, strong currents combined with wind; it helps a small vessel keep its bow to the wave, maintaining stability in conditions where a conventional anchor is unable to help. This device is safe for boats made of any material, even rubber and PVC. All owners of small vessels are recommended to have, in addition to a regular anchor, a floating anchor, as it is the most effective in difficult weather and natural conditions.

Only in the Middle Ages anchors began to take on its modern form. They were made of iron, and the stem could be wood or iron. They had straight horns with shovels, which eventually led to their abandonment due to frequent accidents ships, when using them. (Fig. 15)

The real revolution in anchor business was Roger's anchor, named after the inventor himself in 1830. He was an officer in the British Royal Navy and persistently carried out research and experiments in this field. Anchor differed from its predecessors in the presence of an iron rod with a square hole in the middle. Using this hole, the rod was put on the spindle neck and then cottered. In order to remove the rod it was necessary to remove the eye, which was soon replaced with a bracket. (Fig. 16)

It was developed in 1852 by William Parker admiralty anchor. It owes this name to the British Admiralty. The spindle and horns of this anchor, as well as the rod, are elliptical in cross section; the horns are curved in a circle; the paws are much smaller in size, the iron rod is movable. It worked like this. The anchor fell to the bottom and touched the ground with the heel of the trend. Under the tension of the anchor rope, the anchor lay on the ground, and if its rod was horizontal, the paw buried itself in it. If the end of the rod touched the ground, then under the tension of the rope the anchor turned on it, and the paw anchors entered the ground. The rod served to ensure that the anchor horns did not lie horizontally on the seabed. (Fig. 17)

Modern anchors appeared from the beginning of 1821, and the first inventor was Hawkins. The peculiarity of this anchor was the rotating horns and the absence of a rod. At the end of the horns there were arrow-shaped tips. (Fig. 18)

Over time, this anchor was modified by the Frenchman F. Martin and the Englishman Trotman, who proposed making the horns of the anchors swinging; accordingly, they found application on ships with a steam engine. With this anchor, only one paw went deep into the ground, while the other turned and pressed against the spindle, due to which the holding force increased. (Fig. 19)

In 1891, the British Admiralty tested several anchors on one ship to determine the best in all respects. It turned out to be Hall's anchor - burrowing quite deeply and quickly into the ground. Hall anchor this day applies to . (Fig.20)

(Fig. 21, 22) show some types of anchors used today.

types of "dead anchors"

Besides these, there are other types anchors for various types of activities. The one-horned anchor is used for installing barrels. Small four-horned anchors without a rod and without turning horns are called “cats” or verts. (Fig. 23)

(Fig. 24) shows what happens to the anchor when it is immersed to depth and lifted from the bottom of a river or sea. The anchor is lowered, slides along the ground, hooks and buries itself into it. To lift, the anchor chain is pulled and pulls the anchor out of the ground, and then rises.

And there are even more interesting ones anchors - floating, which are used during bad weather or stopping vessel at great depths to hold them against the waves. They are made from a square piece of canvas that is stretched between two beams. Their length should be half the length of the beams at the mainmast. A cable is drawn from the ends of the beams, which is attached in the middle to a thick railing. A weight is suspended from the lower end of the floating anchor, and an anchor buoy is suspended from the upper end, so that the anchor is in the water at a certain depth. (Fig. 25)

Anchor, as a rule, is lowered by a rope or anchor chain. An anchor rope is a strong cable used to anchor a vessel and rig it (to rig means to pull the ship with an anchor). Soon, chains began to be used on ships for the same purpose. To avoid twisting of the chain, in cases where the ship moves around the anchor, the links are connected with a swivel. The structure of a chain of links is shown in (Fig. 26)
The chain is stored on ship in a special room - a chain box.

An anchor is an important and mandatory element of any boat or ship, and a PVC inflatable boat is no exception. But specifically for PVC boats, the anchor system only serves to stop the vessel at the fishing site. It is very important to ensure a stable fixation, independent of current or wind, so that the anchor lies tightly on the bottom.

The most important requirements for any anchor are: easy to use, small in size and easy to fit in a small place. Such a product must be completely easy to take out, have as little weight as possible to reduce the load on the boat and, of course, must have high resistance to chemical corrosion.

Anchor design

Currently, there are about a dozen known and proven anchor designs:

The most common is the cat anchor, which is most often installed on PVC boats. This anchor model weighs from 2 to 10 kilograms. Most often, folding anchors are usually created for small boats. The advantages of this anchor are light weight, compactness, and small dimensions. There are two types of grapple anchors, differing in the way they secure the paws.

In the first case, the paws are straightened directly using a special rotary coupling; in the second case, the paw fixation mechanism is similar to an umbrella, that is, the paws extend from the center. The big disadvantage of this anchor is its low grip on muddy or rocky bottoms.

The second most popular is the Danforth anchor, resembling a plow. This model is not very light and small-sized, but it has great adhesion to the ground and stones. With the help of its flat blades, the anchor literally digs itself into the bottom to a fairly suggestible depth, then encounters dense soil and stops along with the boat. The Danforth anchor, which weighs approximately 2 kg, can support a boat weighing up to 80 kg. A clear advantage of this anchor is the ease of removing the underwater hook.

Also very famous is the river mushroom-shaped anchor, which in its shape resembles a mushroom. This model weighs approximately 3-10 kg. It performs well on rocky bottoms, is small in size and very compact.

Another type of anchor is the Bruce anchor, which has the shape of a huge hook, at the end of which two blades stick out in different directions. When thrown, it burrows into the ground with the help of shovels and secures the vessel.

There is also a fork anchor, which in its shape resembles a double fork, between the two ends of which there is a foot. Thus, when casting, the paw buries itself in the ground and is fixed in it, and the fork provides even more grip. The downside is that the device is quite difficult to pull back out.

On PVC boats it is often rare, but the Northill anchor is used, having the shape of a star with four ends, on the two ends of the star, which are parallel, there are paws installed, with the help of which the anchor is buried in the ground, and two additional beams sticking out in different directions only strengthen the grip. The disadvantages of this model are its heavy weight and dimensions, high price, and difficult to pull out.

The Admiralty anchor is usually used on large ships, but there are also cases of using PVC on boats. It includes a spindle, transom, two horns, rod, shackle and eye. The most important advantage of such an anchor is its versatility. It can be used on reservoirs with absolutely any type of bottom. It is also distinguished by a large coefficient of holding force, as well as a very simple design. The main disadvantages of this type of anchor are: large size and weight, high price, difficulty in operation.

There is also another type of anchor - the Porter anchor, which is very similar to the Admiralty one, differing only in the method of attaching the legs, which are attached perpendicular to the rod using bolted connections. Thanks to this, the anchor can oscillate from side to side. An important advantage of this model is that when immersed in water, one paw clings to the ground, and the other to the spindle, therefore, a large holding force is provided, and the likelihood that the anchor cable will catch on a protruding paw is almost minimal.

Basic criteria when choosing an anchor

The most important requirement is the main purpose of the anchor, that is, the anchor must provide reliable and high-quality fixation on water, resisting current and wind.
Holding force coefficient, which is usually calculated using special mathematical formulas, is usually indicated on each anchor in the store.
The mass should not be too large, but not too small, the best option would be an anchor weighing 7-9 kg.
A very important criterion when choosing is the type of soil, since each anchor behaves differently on different soils.
Weather conditions are also a very important requirement., depending on where the fishing will take place, where there is constant wind or calm.
It is very important to choose an anchor that will be protected from chemical corrosion. The most popular and high-quality method of protection is galvanizing.

How to create an anchor yourself

If there is no money to purchase a ready-made anchor, or there is no trust in the manufacturers, then a high-quality and reliable anchor for PVC boats can be constructed at home yourself, having the proper experience and knowledge. Let's consider the creation of an anchor using the example of a welded Kurbatov anchor.

In order to make such an anchor, you must have:

Metal rod, 2 cm long;
Steel in the form of a sheet 2-3 mm thick;
Metal wire with a diameter of at least 6 mm;

The weight of such a product will be approximately 3 kg. Step-by-step instruction:

Such an anchor can leave the boat on any bottom and is an excellent option for a boat 4 meters long.

Also, in addition to the complex design, you can make an anchor without resorting to welding, simply by pouring hot metal into the required shape.

For this method you will need approximately 5-6 kg of lead:

First you need to melt the metal, preferably melted in a refractory clay crucible.
Prepare the required form for filling, you can choose the shape yourself.
Pour the molten metal into the mold.
Drill a hole for the rope.
Deform the workpiece so that there is a hook or foot, it is advisable to make three such feet, lead is a fairly soft metal and lends itself well to plastic deformation. Or make a blank in the shape of a mushroom-shaped anchor.

Thus, to create an anchor of this type you do not need to have great knowledge in design. You just need to have a little imagination.

You can also make a folding grapple anchor yourself, so that the paws of the structure will be attached to the bottom on hinges, and the change in the working capacity of the paws will be changed using a special ring coupling.

When you create it yourself, the design of the anchors turns out to be much more reliable, since all the work is done with your own hands, of course, the financial costs are much less.

In addition to the complex design, you can make an anchor without resorting to welding, simply by pouring hot metal into the required shape How to increase your fish catch?

Over 7 years of active fishing, I have found dozens of ways to improve the bite. Here are the most effective ones:

Bite activator. This pheromone additive attracts fish most strongly in cold and warm water. .
Promotion gear sensitivity. Read the appropriate manuals for your specific type of gear.
Lures based pheromones.

Correct fastening

It is necessary that the boat is securely fixed on the surface of the water with the help of an anchor, but an anchor alone will not be enough. It is very important to choose a reliable and high-quality anchor cable connecting the anchor to the boat. Today, stores sell a huge number of different cables made either from synthetic or natural materials.

With the same diameter, synthetic ropes are superior to natural ones due to their high abrasion resistance, high tensile and bending strengths, and these types of ropes are practically not subject to rotting. The most important criteria when choosing a cable are tensile and tensile strength, thickness and weight.

A very high-quality cable must have a tensile strength value that exceeds the mass of the anchor itself by eighty times. To determine the exact length of the cable, you need to know the exact depth of the reservoir where you are going to fish, and the length of the cable should be about six times longer, because the longer the cable, the better and more reliable the anchor fixation.

It is possible to use a chain instead of an anchor, but this will significantly increase the weight of the boat, but it has higher strength and reliability.

Before fishing, you need to find out what kind of bottom the reservoir has in order to fully decide on the choice of anchor;
It is necessary to know the depth of the reservoir to purchase the cable correctly;
It is safer to design the anchor yourself, but if this is not possible, then rely on reviews from previous customers;
You need to take the purchase of an anchor very seriously;
It is very important not to drown the precious anchor; use only the most reliable types of knots.
In case of strong currents, it would be advisable to use two anchors for better fixation.
The anchor can also be reinforced with a chain for better fixation and grip on the ground.
It is also necessary to properly throw the anchor into the water at the correct angle.