Vorotynsk (Kaluga region). History of the village of Vorotynsk Vorotynsk Kaluga

Details Vorotynsk November 20, 2012 Views: 10857

The village of Vorotynsk is one of the oldest Russian cities. For the first time his name was mentioned in Russian chronicles in the second half of the 12th century. From ancient times it belonged to the princes of Chernigov, who later bore the title of Vorotyn. In the 14th century it came under the rule of the Lithuanians, from which it was freed in 1493, when Prince Mikhail Ioannovich Vorotynsky transferred from the Grand Duke of Lithuania to the service of the sovereign of Moscow with his patrimony.

Vorotynsk became a district city of the Kaluga province. Empress Catherine, with the new division of Russia into provinces, ordered its abolition and as a suburb to be included in the Przemysl district. Vorotynsk was scattered across the hills and banks of the Vyssa River. The city had a brick factory, an oil mill, a starch and syrup factory, a mill, a well-developed blacksmith industry, and folk crafts. The town hall existed as a city government body.

In 1914, a zemstvo hospital was opened. The main backbone of the Vorotyn population were the townspeople who were engaged in waste trades and trade. There were few rich merchants in Vorotynsk, and the inhabitants were generally poor. The main reason for the poverty of Vorotynsk is its geographical location. It is removed from the Oka and at the same time is located at a close distance from Kaluga and Przemysl. Since it lies completely to the side, no postal roads or transport roads pass through it. The only ancient transport road was built to connect it with Kaluga on one side and Przemysl on the other; driving along this road through Vorotynsk from the northern cities of the province to the southern means making a detour. Therefore, at the end of the 19th century, construction of a railway began three miles from the city.

In the first half of the 70s of the last century, the Ministry of Railways discussed the idea of ​​connecting Kaluga and Bryansk by direct rail. In April 1895, such a decision was made. 30 stations were planned for the entire road from Moscow to Bryansk, of which the closest to Kaluga were Tikhonova Pustyn, Passage No. 9 (later Annensky, today Kaluga 2), Vorotynsk (3 versts from the provincial town of the same name), Babynino. The construction of the road was carried out at a rapid pace. By mid-1898, the railway bridge across the Ugra was half ready. Construction of a station began near Vorotynsk, which determined the fate of this historical city. The station was installed on the land of a private owner next to the old Przemysl highway. The opening of the Moscow-Bryansk railway was postponed several times, starting in the spring of 1899.

On August 1 of the same year, the government commission finally accepted the road and trains began running along it. At the Vorotynsk station, in addition to the station building, by 1905, one-story wooden houses were built in which railway workers lived, with basements called “glaciers.” Along the highway there was a store (now the Crystal store), a teahouse with a cheese factory in the basement, a bakery and a blacksmith shop. Before the revolution, all this belonged to the merchant Pronin.

Where there is now a police station and a railway store there was a market, there was brisk trade. On “Spirit Day” (the second day after Trinity) a festive fair was held. Near the station there is a “living protection” nursery, created for landscaping both the village itself and the railroad right-of-way. In neighboring Malaya Slobodka, a water intake was built on the river. Vyssa, and water for refueling locomotives was supplied to special water-filling towers. Almost all of this has survived to this day and is a living reminder of the time when the current village of Vorotynsk emerged, which celebrated its 100th anniversary in 1999.

With the establishment of Soviet power, a village council was formed, which included the villages of Kharskoye, Ukolovka, Doroponovo, and Vorotynsk. Its first chairman was V. M. Mekedo, secretary I. Zernov. In 1924, the administration of the village council moved to the village of Vorotynsk. In 1929, the collective farm “Free October” was created. In 1930, a collective farm called “Progress” was created in the village of Kharskoye, which included 35 farms. Later, these two collective farms merged into the “Red Gardener” collective farm. Later it was transformed into the Vorotynsky state farm. Then to the state farm named after. Dimitrova. The collective farm intensively began planting fruit trees, which were planted along the road to the village of Kumovskoye. Unfortunately, this garden subsequently died. In the 30s, a brick factory and a brick drying room appeared. The plant produced up to 2 million units per year. In addition to bricks, they also made tiles. The first director of the plant was Yegor Semenovich Kolosov. In the 1930s, dispossession began. Some residents of the village were subject to dispossession, relocation, and arrests. At the same time, the village began to be built up with private houses. By 1937 there were already a dozen and a half. The central road was unpaved, as most people rode horses. Vorotyn land has an airfield on which the detachment of O.S. Aviakhim under the command of V.S. was based. Grizodubova.

Vorotynsk lived its own life, like many cities and villages in our country. People worked, put up with difficulties and overcame them, raised children, sang songs, believed in the future. But in human life there have been storms and thunderstorms, and such a terrible thunderstorm broke out on June 22, 1941.

The war did not pass by Vorotynsk either. Very quickly life began to be restructured on a military scale. Self-defense units began to be organized, and points were prepared to receive the wounded. The situation on the fronts of the Patriotic War became increasingly tense. The enemy was rushing towards Moscow. In September 1941, an immediate threat of occupation loomed over the areas of the Kaluga region. Enemy aircraft carried out barbaric raids on railway stations and industrial facilities - Azarovo, Tikhonova Pustyn, Kaluga-2, and the Germans also bombed the Vorotynsk railway station. Every night from st. Vorotynsk heard locomotive whistles - an air raid signal.

Teenagers aged 15–16 ran around the village, knocking on windows, warning about the possibility of an attack. Residents took bundles with necessary things and food, woke up their children, and hid in basements - “glaciers” until lights out. The duty officer at the Vorotynsk station was forced to settle down in the 2nd basement and direct the movement of trains from there. Many families left and lived in nearby villages: the village of Doroponovo, the village of Kharskoye, the village of Ukolovka. The village council was forced to move to Doroponovo, where it remained until 1946.

Meanwhile, the men, one after another, went to the front. Work on the Vorotynsky collective farm was carried out as always, but now it was mostly women who worked. The store was not open, the school was closed, the students helped harvest the crops on the collective farm, went to nearby villages, and collected warm clothes for the front. Soon the Germans appeared and began visiting nearby villages for “booty.” They plundered collective farm warehouses, caught chickens, and stole livestock. They were especially fierce in December, when they were driven away from Moscow and severe frosts hit them, and then they began to take away warm things from the local population: felt boots, mittens.

In December 1941, the liberation of the Kaluga region from the German invaders began. The Germans were retreating. Vorotynsk was liberated by the 413th Infantry Division. On December 28, 1941, Vorotynsk was liberated. The New Year, 1942, was celebrated by the residents of Vorotyn with a “small” victory.

Complete victory was still far away. Residents of the village tried to bring it closer with their modest work: they repaired the remaining equipment, plowed, sowed, and harvested. An elementary school for children was opened in the village of Doroponovo.

Combat vehicles appeared on the airfield of the former flying club, and soon the air regiment of three times Hero of the Soviet Union I.N. was stationed in Vorotynsk. Kozhedub. Brave pilots delivered medicines, food, and important documents to partisan detachments and took out the wounded.

The long-awaited May 1945 finally arrived. Men began to return from the front, but not all returned from the front. They laid down their heads in the name of their children, loved ones, mothers, brothers and sisters. Many families experienced grief and a bitter widow's lot. The memory of those who did not return from the battlefield is kept in the hearts of those who every year on May 9 come to the mass grave and bow their heads in front of their memory. About two hundred soldiers and officers of the Soviet Army were buried in a mass grave in the station park in the village of Vorotynsk. Now the names of 132 of them have been identified.

The war has gone, difficult peaceful days have come. In 1948, intensive construction of Vorotynsk by military builders began. The airfield was being restored. For the flight personnel, 2-story brick houses and one-story wooden houses were built. Following the military camp, arched houses were built for the workers of the geological exploration party of the hydraulic fracturing group (now Solnechnaya Street). At the same time, a club building was built, where the village library and prayer house are now located. Due to the development of construction, the population began to grow. 1950–1955 More than 500 people lived in the village (not counting the military). In 1954, the station village of Vorotynsk became part of the Babyninsky district.

In 1957, a one-story school building was built in a military town, and Sergei Andreevich Zubanov became its first director. A little later, in 1958, a club of red rangers was created at Poselkovo-Vorotyn school No. 1; in 1964 it was named after the Czech patriot Hero of the Soviet Union Jan Nalepka. Members of the club, under the leadership of history teacher S.A. Zubanov, made more than a thousand trips to places of military glory. For 4 years, the guys traveled from Vorotynsk to Brest and brought many exhibits for the future museum. The material collected during campaigns, through correspondence, and during meetings made it possible to open the Museum of Military Glory at the school. It is impossible not to talk about Alexey Petrovich Kopantsov, our fellow countryman, a native of the village of Pletenevka, whose name is given to the street on which our school No. 1 stands. He was one of the first to repeat the feat of A. Matrosov on Hungarian soil.

It's no secret that the life of the village, its development and livelihoods are closely connected with the main enterprise - the Vorotyn brick factory. In the post-war years, production began to expand, because the large construction carried out by the state, restoring the economy destroyed by the war, required an ever-increasing amount of building materials. In the 60s production is expanding, a new brick factory with a capacity of 14 million bricks per year is being built. Later, already in the 70s, its capacity was increased to 28 million. Soon a workshop for the production of lumber was built, and the production of new products was mastered: fiberglass, foam plastic, thermal insulation materials for nuclear power plants, various building plastics. The “brick” plant was renamed the Vorotyn Experimental Experimental Plant (VOEP). This production was led by V.V., who enjoyed the well-deserved respect of all Vorotyn residents. Shcheglov. With the increase in plant capacity, construction of housing for workers began. The first to be built were two-story houses No. 1, 3 on the street. Soviet. The village council, medical center, and village library moved into one of them, a three-room apartment. In the 1960s The village council moved to its own one-story building (now the Vesta cafe is located there). Half of the building was occupied by a medical center. Soon, the children of workers and employees of the brick factory received a kindergarten as a gift.

The village of Vorotynsk grew, a food processing plant was built (director A.P. Shevchenko) which produced sausages, carbonated drinks, and wine. In the 80s food processing plant under the leadership of L.S. Grodzitsky is expanding its production, a fish shop and a bakery shop are being built, and a greenhouse for growing roses is also appearing.

One of the old enterprises of Vorotynsk (except for the brick factory) was a grain collection point, which was created back in the 30s. For many years the enterprise was headed by S.D. Kozlov, in the late 70s. it was headed by I.V. Titkov. The main product that the grain collection point has been producing for a long time is compound feed. In 1992, a flour mill was launched, and in 1998, a bakery opened. In 1961 the railway was electrified, and a 110/10 kW traction power substation was built at the station.

In the same year, on the basis of the energy train, the Vorotyn Electrical Repair Plant (VERZ) was created, which supplied electricity to the station. Vorotynsk. His main activity was the repair of electric motors with power up to 100 kW. In 1964 it received the name of the Central Electrical Repair Brigade. Now the plant provides a wide range of services for the repair of electrical equipment. Here, alternating current motors of various powers, transformers, electric generators, electric welding equipment, etc. are repaired. On the basis of the Oreshkovo airfield, the Kaluga Aviation Training Organization named after. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union V.V. Kokkinaki (KUAC), where cadets studied flight skills. In 1965 – 1966 At the KUAC base, 25 girls were retrained in jet technology, who subsequently became world record holders. For 30 years, the Kaluga Aviation Training Organization has trained more than 3,500 pilots. In 1989 our pilots took part in the aviation festival in Tushino, where they showed their skills.

Vorotynsk became especially lively in the 70s. The population grew to 3.5 thousand people. The first 5-story houses with all amenities appeared, hundreds of Vorotyn residents celebrated their housewarming. The old school building could not accommodate all the children within its walls, although the school worked in two shifts. In 1974 – 1975 a 2-story high school building (director P.P. Zubanova) and a village council building (chairman E.M. Laricheva) were built. The liaison office was located in the village council building. The service sector also expanded, there were 11 shops, 3 canteens, a buffet, 5 cultural institutions, two kindergartens, two baths. They didn't forget about the children. In 1970, a branch of the music school was opened in the village. The music school was first located in the building of the barracks, then it moved to the very end of Vorotynsk in the building of a former bread store (director A.V. Podzigun). Tears and grief over living conditions, and finally, in 1995, the grief ended with a move to a new building, built according to an individual project. The music school was transformed into the School of Arts, director (O.A. Rafalskaya). This means that two new departments appeared in the school - artistic and choreographic. In 1995 Vorotyn Children's Art School celebrated its 25th anniversary.

The village was gradually improved, children's playgrounds appeared, and the streets were landscaped. School students and DOSAAF cadets provided great assistance in landscaping the village. A birch alley was planted along the road towards Rosva. Second half of the 80s. radically changed the life and appearance of Vorotynsk. It's no secret that the life of the village, its development and livelihoods are closely connected with the main enterprise - Stroypolimerkeramika OJSC. Since 1985 The association is headed by S.V. Mambetshaev, who by this time already had extensive work experience. Under his leadership, production expanded; in 1987, a workshop was built that produces polyethylene film and bags.

In 1988 The plant of ceramic wall materials (ZKSM) was put into operation - one of the largest enterprises in the Soviet Union for the production of high-quality bricks. The construction of a plant for the production of linoleum has begun but has not yet been completed due to material difficulties. In 1991 A plant for the production of sanitaryware was put into operation.

In 1992, the production association was registered as SPK JSC. Along with the construction of factories, expansion of production, and increase in production, construction of housing and cultural and community facilities began in Vorotynsk. Families from different parts of the country began to come to the village to live. A master plan for the development of the village was adopted, which included the construction of many facilities. New series of houses with apartments with improved layouts began to be built. Hundreds of families celebrated housewarming parties at that time. A beautiful new school No. 2 was built, and hundreds of children were housed in its bright and warm classrooms. The first director of the school was Viktor Ivanovich Kuznetsov. In 1987 A polyclinic with a hospital began operating (chief physician V.P. Lomakin). I would like to express my gratitude to the workers of the Red Cross: Valentina Mikhailovna Basova, Nina Ivanovna Rogova (now deceased), Antonina Ivanovna Mintsevich, Olga Valentinovna Kulikova for their conscientious work. In the 80s a kindergarten “Scarlet Sails” was built, a service center, a store and other objects. Behind all this stands the figure of a man who infected with his energy and aroused the sympathy of many plant workers and Vorotyn residents with his hard work and business drive. The directorate’s plans were grandiose - to build a Palace of Culture, another kindergarten, a home for the elderly, a stadium, a swimming pool. But the collapse of the USSR, a change in the policy of the Russian government, and a change in the country’s economic course canceled out everything. Perestroika affected not only the plant, but also agriculture.

Vorotynsk was built on the lands of the former state farm named after. Dimitrova. Currently it is a branch of the state farm named after. K.E. Tsiolkovsky. The state farm is engaged in the production of vegetables, and has 1,600 hectares of arable land, 165 hectares of gardens, and 55 hectares of water meadows on the Ugra River as private property. He is also involved in livestock farming, has a livestock of cows and a pig farm.

In 1993 A helicopter regiment was withdrawn from eastern Germany and began to be stationed on Vorotyn soil, at the base of the Oreshkovo airfield. Construction of housing for personnel and their families began. The construction was carried out by a German company. A beautiful town grew up at the entrance to the village. Eight beautiful six-story houses, an amazingly beautiful school “TEMPLE OF SCIENCE”, a shopping center, a hostel, a kindergarten, a club. All this, of course, gives the village a certain “charm”. At the time of the census, 11 thousand 700 residents lived in Vorotynsk.

The village of Vorotynsk is the center of the small Vorotyn settlement system, the territorial boundaries of which cover about 150 sq. km and are limited by the valleys of the Oka, Ugra and Vyssa rivers.

Where the Oka, having accepted the Ugra, abruptly changes the direction of its flow, stood the ancient Russian city-possession of the Vorotyn princes, mentioned in chronicles since 1155. When the land route from Kyiv to Moscow and Vladimir was mastered, Vorotynsk New arose, and from the old one only steep shafts. But at the end of the 19th century. in these places they built a higher-speed railway road. In 1899, a station was built, with a small village for railway workers and employees. The station was named after the nearest village - Vorotynsk. The village near the station was hardly noticeable. Only a small brick factory was operating.

During the war, the station was repeatedly bombed by fascist aircraft, and at the end of 1941 it was captured by the Germans, but was liberated on December 29, 1941. After the liberation of our places from the invaders, the regiment of three times Hero of the Soviet Union I. Kozhedub was based near Vorotynsk.

The heyday of Vorotynsk began in the 60s. New life was breathed into the village by the government’s decision to build factories here for the production of building materials. In 1985, construction of a plant of wall ceramic materials (ZSKM) with a capacity of 75 million pieces began in Vorotynsk. facing bricks per year. Construction was carried out by the Ministry of Atomic Energy and Industry (formerly Minsredmash) with the participation of the Italian company Unimorando, which supplied a significant part of the equipment of the new plant. In 1988 it came into operation. In 1987, a workshop for fiberglass products was created, where the production of a number of consumer goods was mastered. In 1991, the sanitary-ceramic products plant (ZSKI) was put into operation. A brick factory, a ceramic wall materials factory, a fiberglass products workshop and a sanitary-ceramics plant made up the most powerful association in the Kaluga region for the production of building materials, Stroypolimerkeramika OJSC.

Simultaneously with the development of Stroypolimerkeramika OJSC, the old enterprise in the village, the Vorotyn Electrical Repair Plant (VERZ), also gained strength.

Among other enterprises in the village, it is necessary to mention a food processing plant that produces meat products, smoked fish and a bakery plant that produces flour, animal feed, and bakes bread. In the village Kumovskoye, part of the Vorotynsk Village municipality, operates a branch of the state farm named after. Tsiolkovsky, a dairy farm that supplies the village with fresh milk.

In 1992, the 336th separate helicopter regiment was redeployed from Germany to the Oreshkovo airfield near Vorotynsk. This significantly increased the population of the village and changed the cultural environment. To accommodate the officers of the regiment and their families, the German government built a residential complex with 600 apartments. It includes multi-storey buildings with all amenities, a shopping center, a school, a kindergarten, a military clinic, a bakery, etc. The helicopter regiment has an airfield with a runway, which, when reconstructed, will be able to accommodate aircraft of any type.

A characteristic feature of the village. Vorotynsk is its multinationality. Vorotynsk is called the “Capital of Migrants of the Kaluga Region”. The extensive construction that took place here in the 80s and subsequent years could not be provided by local labor resources. The same period saw the collapse of the Soviet Union and the mass migration of the Russian-speaking (and not only Russian-speaking) population from the former Union republics to Vorotynsk. Many of them were attracted by the availability of work and the possibility of obtaining housing in the village under construction. Vorotynsk did not disappoint their hopes. The overwhelming majority of the visiting population received Russian citizenship, housing, work, and made new friends here. Characteristically, there is no noticeable national discord in the village. Everyone lives together, works at the same enterprises, everyone has common sorrows and joys, and they all began to rightfully be called “Vorotyntsy”.

The development of industrial production in Vorotynsk was accompanied by active construction of housing, administrative buildings and social and cultural facilities. Currently, the village of Vorotynsk is built up with multi-storey residential buildings with all amenities. Vorotynsk has a fairly developed system of cultural and community services, serving as a center for daily and partially periodic services for residents of the village and rural residents of adjacent settlements.

There has never been a temple in the village. On August 1, 2002, Bishop Clement of Kaluga and Borovsky consecrated the site for the construction of a temple in the village of Vorotynsk. In September 2002, construction began on the Church of St. Seraphim of Sarov. Now everyone has the opportunity to visit it.

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Story

The village of Vorotynsk arose in 1899, three km north of the historical city of Vorotynsk at a new railway station. The name of the village comes from the village of Vorotynsk, located three kilometers south of the village - a former ancient Russian city.

During the Great Patriotic War, battles were fought on the territory of the village. One of the streets is named after the hero Kopantsov.

Urban settlement "Vorotynsk Village"

The urban settlement “Vorotynsk Village” has an area of ​​3600.84 hectares, the urban settlement includes the following settlements:

Economy

Operating enterprises:

• OJSC "UgraKeram" - 2000 employees,
• Vorotyn Energy Repair Plant LLC (VERZ, formerly electrical repair plant, the name changed between 2005 and 2009) - employs 150 people. Part of the Moskabelmet group of companies (MKM, CJSC),
• OJSC "Vorotynsky Bread Products Plant" - 50 employees,
• Vorotyn dumplings LLC,
• Branch of the state farm named after. Tsiolkovsky - 100 employees.
• ESM-Service (a division of ElektroStroyMontazh LLC).
• Stroyservis LLC.

The 45th separate helicopter regiment, equipped with Mi-24 and Mi-8 helicopters, was previously based at the Oreshkovo military airfield near Vorotynsk. In 2010, as part of the military reform, the regiment was transferred to the city of Vyazma (Smolensk region), currently the airfield is empty.

There is a nightclub in the “town” that operates sporadically. Convenience stores are located in the “village”. There is also a permanent night bar “Berezka” and “Vorotynskaya Izba”.

Transport

• Domestic routes:
  • At the beginning of 2008, the 1st intra-city ring route appeared in Vorotynsk.
  • In the fall of 2008, route No. 2 appeared (Rosva - Vorotynsk - Muromtsevo).
  • No later than March 12, 2010, route No. 3 (Vorotynsk - PSMA). PSMA is the Peugeot-Citroen plant (PSMA RUS) in the village of Rosva.
• Buses of the State Enterprise Bus Station "Kaluga":
  • No. 132 (from January 1, new numbering, previously there was 135) “Kaluga - Vorotynsk”,
  • No. 135 "Kaluga - Experimental station,
  • No. 143, 144 “Kaluga - Babynino”.
• Buses of JSC "ATEK" "Moscow - Kozelsk" and "Moscow - Sosensky".
• Fast train Moscow Kyiv - Klimov and other fast trains in the Kyiv direction of Russian Railways.
• Suburban electric trains Kaluga -1 - Babynino, Kaluga -1 - Sukhinichi and suburban diesel train Kaluga - Fayansovaya.

Culture

The village has two schools, a library, and a Museum of Military Glory (exhibits and historical documents from the Great Patriotic War are stored in school No. 1). The medical sphere is represented by a clinic, a hospital, and there are pharmacies. A village newspaper is published. There is a sports complex "Yunost".