Population of Tsyurupinsk. Detailed satellite map of Tsyurupinsk. Population dynamics

1854 Square60.5 km Center height6 meters Population24,932 people (2008) Density396.88 people/km Municipal compositionUkrainians (72%), Russians (22%) TimezoneUTC+2 , in summer UTC+3 Telephone code+380 5542 Postal codes75100-75101 Automatic codeBT/22 Official sitehttp://www.oleshki.org.ua/

Tsyurupinsk(Ukrainian Tsyurupinsk) (Historical names: Oleshye, Aleshkovskaya Sich, later Aleshki, and since 1928 Tsyurupinsk) is a city of district significance in the Kherson region of Ukraine, the administrative center of the Tsyurupinsky district. Located on the left bank of the Dnieper River. The old name of the city (Alyoshki) gave the name to the Aleshkovsky sands - the largest sand massif in Ukraine, located near the city.

central square

Geography

Tsyurupinsk is located in the south of Ukraine, in the west of the Kherson region, 5 km from the regional center. It is not exactly a huge city; it stretches 7.5 km from southwest to northeast, and 4 km from southeast to northwest. The perimeter is 27 km. Has a T-shape. The average altitude above sea level is only 6 meters. Tsyurupinsk is a satellite city of Kherson and is closely connected with it.

Tsyurupinsk consists of several microdistricts: Zhilposelok, Amethyst, Khutorishche, Slobodka, Olimpiysky, 4th, 5th microdistricts.

To the east of the city are the Aleshkovsky Sands, which are currently partially forested. In the west of Tsyurupinsk the Konka River flows, not quite a large river, flows parallel to the Dnieper 4 km from it and flows into the Kardashinsky estuary, subsequently into the Dnieper estuary and the Black Sea. This river is part of the Dnieper flood plains and is one of the main branches of the Dnieper in its delta.

Climate

The climate in this area is temperate continental and arid. The average annual precipitation in the city is about 425-450 miles. The nearest meteorological station is located in Kherson. The average January temperature is approximately 2.5°C; during this period, primarily eastern winds blow. In July, the average air temperature is about +27°C, the winds are primarily northerly with a transition to southwest. The absolute maximum was +46°C; the absolute minimum is about 31°C.

Nature and recreational resources

The city is located in a flood zone. Main unfavorable conditions: dust storms, soil salinization, sand dispersal. Land protection - planting trees and bushes on the sand. Water protection - Introduction of water treatment systems and drainless water use systems. The pride of Tsyurupinsk is the botanical natural monument - the Tsyurupinsky pine forest. Not far from the city there is a sanatorium where healing is carried out using the mud of mainland lakes.

Population

Tsyurupinsk is not exactly a huge city. An integral part of the Kherson agglomeration, a satellite city of Kherson. In Russian times, there was a project to connect two cities by building a 2-kilometer section of the highway with a residential area. However, with the collapse of the USSR, this plan was canceled due to lack of funds. The population of the city as of January 1, 2008 was estimated to be about 26 thousand people - the fourth largest population in the Kherson region.

Population dynamics:

The average population density in the city is about 2000 people per km. However, it is unevenly distributed, with high density in the north of the city and lower density in the south. During the 1950s and until 1991, the city's population increased due to natural increase and immigration. In the 1970s, actual population growth was about 1.6%. Since the beginning of 1992, mortality began to exceed the birth rate; in the mid and late 1990s, mortality was already twice as high as the birth rate. Migration growth has also become negative. Recently, the situation has begun to stabilize: the birth rate is increasing, and the migration increase is tending to zero. In 2008, the birth rate was 11.4 people. per 1000 inhabitants; mortality 16.2 per 1000 people; migration increase amounted to 1 person. per 1000 inhabitants. The actual increase is 5.8 people. per 1000 inhabitants. The mortality rate of children under 1 year is 9.9 per 1000 people. Marriage rate 8.3 per 1000 people. population, 4.0 per 1000 inhabitants. Average life expectancy is 67.46 years. Men live less (61.27 years) than women (73.68 years). Approximately 46.6% are men, 53.4% ​​are women.

Tsyurupinsk is characterized by pendulum migration, especially on weekdays. Every morning more than 5,000 people. They go to Kherson and return back in the evening. This situation is typical for all suburbs both in Ukraine and abroad.

The private sector occupies about 60% of the city's area, but no more than 50% of the population lives there.

Municipal composition: Ukrainians (72%), Russians (21%), Belarusians (0.7%), etc.

Story

• In 1084 the first mention as a city within Kievan Rus
• In 1711 -1728, Oleshkovskaya Sich was located on the site of the city.
• From 1802 to 1920, Oleshki was the center of the Dnieper district of the Tavria province
• In 1928 the city was renamed Tsyurupinsk
• On November 4, 1943, the city was liberated from the German occupiers.

Cossack Sichs (in chronological order)

Zaporozhye:
Khortytska (1552-1558) | Tomakovskaya (1563-1593) | Bazavlukskaya (1593-1630) | Nikitinskaya (1638-1652) | Chertomlykskaya (1652-1708) | Kamenskaya (1710-1711) | Aleshkovskaya (1711-1734) | Novaya (Podpolnenskaya) (1734-1775)
Transdanubia (1775-1828)

Industry

St. Mira

Tsyurupinsk is a small industrial center. The following industries are very well developed: food, electrical engineering, clothing, butter, cheese, bakery and pasta, wine, flavoring, canning. Construction sand is being mined, but it is illegal. Fisheries are developed.

Aqua City

Transport

Public transport is very well developed in Tsyurupinsk, as it is absolutely closely connected with Kherson. The population is served by 2 ATP. OJSC "Tsyurupinsk-Avtotrans" is primarily engaged in the transportation of passengers on the local lane and on the Kherson-Tsyurupinsk route. Buses in Tsyurupinsk run every 15 minutes. starting from 4.00 to 20.00. In summer, the first bus leaves at 3.00. The distance between the final stops is about 30 km, which the bus covers in 1 hour. The route is served primarily by low-floor MAZ-103 buses, which are absolutely suitable for this route: convenient for passengers, with a huge passenger capacity (up to 100 people). The fare is 5.50 UAH. There are still minibuses running around the city (No. 1,2,3,4). There are also 24-hour taxi services in the city: “Your Taxi”, “Leader”, “Simply Taxi”, “Prestige” and “City-Auto”, which transport passengers and provide home delivery of food and medicine.

General plan

On October 17, 2008, employees of the Kyiv Institute “Dnipromisto” brought the Master Plan for the City Development until 2031 to Tsyurupinsk. In accordance with it:

• 1. Annexation of suburban villages to Tsyurupinsk: Sagi-1, Sagi-2, Vinrassadnik, Nechaevo, art. Tsyurupinsk (floodplain)
• 2. Increasing the city's area from 2017 hectares to 2249.8 hectares
• 3. Construction of a pedestrian crossing across the river. Gull
• 4. Development of the city center towards the river. Seagulls and the development of boulevards
• 5. Construction of the 4th and 5th microdistricts (high-rise buildings and cottages)

The increase in the volume of construction work is 380-390 thousand meters.

• 6. Layout of boulevards in the center and park area.
• 7. Construction of a school on Slobodka (No. 5).
• 8. Let all traffic flow out of the city.
• 9. Relocation of hazardous industries outside the city.
• 10. Connections between Tsyurupinsk and Kherson are not planned until 2031.

Familiar inhabitants of our planet

• Pirotsky Fedor Apollonovich (1845-1898) - inventor of the first electric tram.
• Tsyurupa Alexander Dmitrievich (1870-1928) - party and city leader.
• Ivan Sotnikov - kayaker, participant of the Helsinki Olympics
• N. I. Kruglyakova-Nevel (1885-1974) - designer.
• Matveev Ivan Ivanovich (1890-1918) - military leader, commander of the Taman Army.
• Kulish Nikolai Gurovich (1892-1937) - writer, playwright.
• Mikhailov Yukhim Spiridonovich (1895-1935) - symbolist painter.
• G. V. Golovina (1903-1977) - master of artistic ceramics and porcelain.
• Shatalov Anatoly Stepanovich (1919-1997) - designer.
• Matveev Evgeny Semyonovich (1922-2003) - People's Artist of the USSR.
• Balashov Luka Lukich (1923-1996) - designer of space systems.
• Kudievsky Konstantin Ignatovich (1923-1992) - writer and marine painter.

Sport

The city has an amateur football club “Dynamo”, which plays in the championship and cup of the Kherson region. The club became the winner of the region 3 times (in 1998, 1999, 2003) and 2 times - the winner of the cup (in 2003 and 2005).

Notes

1. ^ Database of local self-government bodies of Ukraine
2. ^ Some sights of the Lower Dnieper

• Website of the city of Tsyurupinsk

Kherson region
Districts	Berislavsky Belozersky Velikolepetikhsky Velikoaleksandrovsky Verkhnerohachiksky Vysokopolsky Genichesk Golopristansky Gornostaevsky Ivanovsky Kalanchaksky Kakhovsky Nizhneserogozsky Novovorontsovsky Novotroitsky Skadovsky Tsyurupinsky Chaplinsky
Cities	Berislav 2 Genichesk 2 Golaya Pristan 2 Kakhovka 1 Novaya Kakhovka 1 Skadovsk 2 Tavriysk 2 Kherson 1 Tsyurupinsk 2
town	Antonovka Arkhangelskoye Askania-Nova White Like Snow Krinitsa Belozerka Brilyovka Velikaya Aleksandrovka Velikaya Lepetikha Verkhniy Rogachyk Vysokopolye Gornostaevka Dnepryany Zelenovka Ivanovka Kazatskoye Kalanchak Kalininskoye Kamyshany Quarry Lazurnoe Lyubimovka Mirnoe Naddnepryanskoye Nizhnie Serogozy Novaya Mayachka Novoalekseevka Novovor ending Novotroitskoye Partisans Sivashskoye Chaplinka
Notes: 1 city of regional significance; 2 city of regional significance

Settlements on the Dnieper (from source to mouth)

	Bocharovo | Verkhnedneprovsky | Dorogobuzh | Smolensk
	Dubrovno | Orsha | Kopys | Shklov | Mogilev| Bykhov | Rogachev | Zhlobin | Streshin | Rechitsa | Loev | Komarin
	Radul | Lyubech | Vyshgorod | Kyiv| Kozin | Ukrainian | Rzhishchev | Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky | Kanev | Cherkasy| Svetlovodsk | Kremenchuk| Komsomolsk | Verkhnedneprovsk | Dneprodzerzhinsk | Dnepropetrovsk|Zaporozhye| Vasilyevka | Dneprorudnoye | Energodar | Nikopol | Kamenka-Dneprovskaya | Novovorontsovka | Great Lepetikha | Gornostaevka | Berislav | Kakhovka | New Kakhovka | Dnepryan | Tsyurupinsk|Kherson| Belozerka | Naked Pier | Ochakov
Notes	1. Bocharovo - a village at the source of the river. | 2. Komarin is located below Lyubech: from Loev to the mouth of Pripyat, the Dnieper flows along the border. | 3. Ochakov - a port on the Dnieper estuary. |

This article should be Wikified. Please make it in accordance with the article design rules. Helpful Note:

City Tsyurupinsk(until 1928 Oleshki), located on the left bank of the Konka River - the center of the district of the same name in the Kherson region. People settled in this territory for a long time, as evidenced by the discovered remains of Bronze Age settlements (2nd millennium BC - early 1st millennium BC). In the chronicles of the 10th century. - XIII century The Slavic trading city of Oleshye (a stronghold for Kievan Rus in the lower reaches of the Dnieper) on the territory of modern Tsyurupinsk is repeatedly mentioned.

During the XV century. - XVIII century these lands were part of the Crimean Khanate. 1709, after the destruction of the Old Sich by the tsarist troops, part of the Zaporozhye Cossacks moved to the lower reaches of the Dnieper to the Kamenka gully, trying to found the Sich here. However, the tsarist power forced the Cossacks to leave it. And in 1711, with the permission of the Crimean Khan, part of the Cossacks moved to Oleshki and founded the Oleshkov Sich here. The Cossacks were subjected to constant oppression by the Crimean feudal lords: they paid taxes to the khan's treasury, performed heavy work on Perekop... They were also not allowed to strengthen their territory and carry weapons. The position of the Cossacks became very complicated after the Prut Treaty of 1711. Therefore, they wanted to return to their homeland as quickly as possible. The Oleshkovskaya Sich operated until 1728, when the Cossacks again moved to the Kamenka gully (and only in 1734 were the Cossacks allowed to return to Zaporozhye)...

Significant settlement of this territory began after the annexation of Crimea and Northern Taurida to the Russian state. With the formation of the Tauride province in 1802, Oleshki was given the status of a city and designated the administrative center of the Dnieper district. At that time, the houses here were mainly wooden or made of reeds, coated with clay. The local population was involved in agriculture (vegetables, melons, fruits), fishing, cane harvesting, many served as sailors on river and sea vessels. In the 1st half. XIX century Commodity-money relations actively developed here. Trade played an important role in the economic life of the town: three times a year fairs were held here, where livestock, grain, lard, linen were traded... After the economic reform, in addition to trade, industry began to develop intensively: the wealthy part of the population intensified entrepreneurial activity. Education did not lag behind: there was a district school (since 1812), a city school with a craft class attached to it (since 1874), zemstvo and parish schools, and a private women's gymnasium. Special education at that time could be obtained in craft classes at the city school, women's vocational school and nautical school.

The local population took an active part in the revolutionary events of 1905 - 1907. The First World War brought many troubles to these territories... In January 1919, Oleshki found themselves in the zone of Anglo-French-Greek intervention... A year later, the city was already Soviet rule. In the interwar years, a new life gradually developed in Oleshki. 1928 Oleshki was renamed Tsyurupinsk in honor of the native Aleshki O.D. Tsyurupa (professional revolutionary). During the Second World War, during September 1941 - November 1943, the city was occupied by fascist troops... In the post-war years, industry, economy, education and culture were gradually revived: a pulp mill, a creamery, a garment factory, schools, colleges, libraries... Nowadays Tsyurupinsk is included in the list of historical populated places in Ukraine.

Tourism, attractions

Tsyurupinsk tourist - Oleshkovskaya Sich of the Glorious Army of the Zaporozhian Lower (1711 - 1728; founded by the Cossacks; the remains of a rampart and a semi-dugout kuren were explored), a memorial sign in honor of the Oleshkovskaya Sich (1991; wooden stylized arch-bell tower topped with a cross, sculptor - N. A. Gepard); fortress (1772; earthen fortification of the "block-fort" type; probably erected by the Zaporozhye team of Colonel Afanasy Kolpak; well-preserved earthen ramparts), the Assumption Monastery (1896; at the beginning of the 20th century it consisted of the Assumption Cathedral, refectory, bell towers, chapels, cells, utility buildings, fences with towers - all in the Russian-Byzantine style; only one house from the early 20th century has survived, decorated in the pseudo-Russian style), the Pankeev family crypt-chapel (early 20th century, style - classicism; merchant family Pankeyev - famous philanthropists of the Dnieper district of the Tauride province), the grave of Colonel F.A. Pirotsky (1898, inventor of the tram), a complex of structures of the district hospital (beginning of the 20th century; built at the expense of the doctor K.I. Elyashev; consists of a central building, a doctor’s house and a square with the doctor’s grave - in fact, this is an example of hospital development estate type), synagogue (2nd half of the 19th century), zemstvo school (1980s; style - classicism), city school (late 19th century - beginning of the 20th century; style - classicism), mayor's mansion ( beginning of the 20th century), monument to G. M. Kulesh (sculptor I. M. Shapko), memorial to “Fighters for the Freedom of Ukraine” (2007).

All hotels (Kolos...), restaurants and cafes (Kolyba...) of the city will hospitably open their doors to tourists.

In the Tsyurupinsky district, the Brilovsky soil burial ground (Late Bronze Age, Belozersk culture) in the town of Brilovka deserves the attention of tourists.

The city of Tsyurupinsk is located on the territory of the state (country) Ukraine, which in turn is located on the territory of the continent Europe.

In what region (region) is the city of Tsyurupinsk located?

The city of Tsyurupinsk is part of the region (region) Kherson region.

A characteristic of a region (region) or a subject of a country is the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements, including cities and other settlements that are part of the region (region).

Region (region) Kherson region is an administrative unit of the state of Ukraine.

Population of the city of Tsyurupinsk.

The population of the city of Tsyurupinsk is 24,011 people.

Year of foundation of Tsyurupinsk.

Year of foundation of the city of Tsyurupinsk: 1084.

Telephone code of the city of Tsyurupinsk

The telephone code of the city of Tsyurupinsk is: +380 5542. In order to call the city of Tsyurupinsk from a mobile phone, you need to dial the code: +380 5542 and then the subscriber’s number directly.

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(Ukrainian Oleshki; in 1928-2016 - Tsyurupinsk) - district significance in, administrative center of the Aleshkovsky district. Located on the left bank of the Dnieper River. The original name of the city (Alyoshki) gave the name to the Aleshkovsky sands - the largest sand massif in Ukraine, located near the city.

central square

Geography

Aleshki is located in the south of Ukraine, in the west of the Kherson region, 5 km from the regional center. This is a small city, stretching 7.5 km from southwest to northeast, and 4 km from southeast to northwest. The perimeter is 27 km. It has a T-shape. The average height above sea level is only 6 m. Aleshki is a satellite city and is closely connected with it.

The city of Aleshki includes the following microdistricts: Zhilposyolok, Amethyst, Khutorishche, Slobodka, Olimpiysky, 4th, 5th microdistricts.

To the east of the city are the Aleshkovsky Sands, which today are partially forested. In the west of Aleshek flows the Konka River, a small river that flows parallel to the Dnieper 4 km from it and flows into the Kardashinsky estuary, then into the Dnieper estuary and the Black Sea. This river is part of the Dnieper flood plains and is one of the main branches of the Dnieper in its delta.

Climate

The climate in this area is temperate continental and arid. The average annual precipitation is about 425-450 mm. The nearest meteorological station is located in. The average January temperature is approximately −2.5°C; during this period, predominantly eastern winds blow. In July, the average air temperature is about +27°C, the winds are predominantly northerly, changing to southwest. The absolute maximum was +46°C; the absolute minimum is about −31°С.

Nature and recreational resources

Population dynamics:

The average population density in the city is about 2000 people per km². However, it is distributed unevenly, with the highest density in the north of the city and the lowest in the south. During the 1950s and until 1991, the city's population increased due to natural growth and immigration. In the 1970s, actual population growth was about 1.6%. Since the beginning of 1992, mortality began to exceed the birth rate; in the mid and late 1990s, mortality was already twice as high as the birth rate. Migration growth also became negative. Recently, the situation has begun to stabilize: the birth rate is growing, the increase in migration tends to zero. In 2008, the birth rate was 11.4 people. per 1000 inhabitants; mortality 16.2 per 1000 people; The migration increase was −1 person. per 1000 inhabitants. The actual increase is −5.8 people. per 1000 inhabitants. The mortality rate of children under 1 year is 9.9 per 1000 people. Marriage rate 8.3 per 1000 people. population, 4.0 per 1000 inhabitants. Average life expectancy is 67.46 years. Men live shorter lives (61.27 years) than women (73.68 years). Approximately 46.6% are men, 53.4% ​​are women.

Alyoshkas are characterized by pendulum migration, especially on weekdays. Every morning more than 5,000 people. They go to , and return back in the evening. This situation is typical for all suburbs both in Ukraine and abroad.

Individual residential buildings occupy about 60% of the city's area, but no more than 50% of the population lives there.

National composition: Ukrainians (96%), Russians (3%), Belarusians (1%), etc.

Story

• In 1084 the first mention as a city within Kievan Rus (Oleshye)
• In 1711-1728, Aleshkovskaya Sich was located on the site of the city.
• From 1802 to 1920, Aleshki was the center of the Dnieper district of the Tauride province

The Geographical and Statistical Dictionary of the Russian Empire (1863) reports about the city:

G-d at 46°38′ N. w. and 50°23′ E. d., to the left. side Dnieper, at the confluence. R. Konki, 235 ver. k s. from Simferopol and in 10 ver. from Kherson, which lies almost opposite Alyoshek, on the other side. Dnieper. The city was founded by the Greeks in the 10th century to open trade relations with Kiev. It was named Elice by the Genoese. In Russian chronicles he is mentioned for the first time in 1224; in some lists it is called Otshelye and in others Oleshye. In 1711, the Cossacks, after their sich was destroyed by Peter I, founded a new sich on the ancient Aleshek tract. When, in 1733, the Cossacks were again accepted into Russian citizenship, they moved to the vicinity of the old Sich, and Aleshki was deserted. In 1784, after the annexation of Crimea to Russia, Don Cossacks and settlers were settled in Aleshki; since 1802 Aleshki was made a district. mmm. Number live in 1859 6.526 d.v. n. (merchants 116, burghers 1,207); house 2,278, church, Jewish synagogue, hospital, 3 three-day stays. fairs (to which 25,000 rubles worth of goods are brought) and weekly markets. Trade is carried out mainly in cattle, various grains, lard, leather, flaxseed, etc. The main occupations of the residents: gardening, horticulture and fishing; Aleshkovo watermelons are especially famous, of which 100,000 rubles are sold annually; The same amount is used to produce fish. Moreover, the residents are engaged in transporting goods across the Dnieper to Kherson, etc., and for this they have up to 75 coastal oak trees and about 16 scows, specially built ships and sailing boats. The gardens contain fruit trees, especially pears and mulberries. The soil of the land is sandy with a clayey subsoil. On the eastern side, especially towards the city, there are hills of loose sand - kuchugurs, which are gradually blown by the wind even to fertile lands and cover them. Therefore, to strengthen the soil on the kuchugurs, they are sown with a special type of willow, so that now the kuchugurs are almost all covered with forest. With zap. side The city stretches for 5 miles - Khutorishche. There are no factories in the city; 98 merchant capitals were announced in 1859; The city's income reached 1,270 rubles.

• In 1897, there were about 9 thousand people in the city (Russians - 69%, Ukrainians - 22%, Jews - 8%)

In December 1920, the publication of a regional newspaper began here.

In 1928 the city was renamed Tsyurupinsk

• On November 4, 1943, the city was liberated from the German occupiers.
• On May 19, 2016, the Verkhovna Rada renamed the city of Tsyurupinsk to Alyoshki.

Industry

Alyoshki is a small industrial center. The following industries are well developed: food, electrical engineering, clothing, butter, cheese, bakery and pasta, wine, flavoring, canning. Construction sand is being mined, often illegally. Fisheries are developed.

Aqua City

Transport

Public transport is well developed in Alyoshki, as it is very closely connected with Kherson. The population is served by two ATPs. OJSC "Tsyurupinsk-Avtotrans" is mainly engaged in the transportation of passengers on the local line and on the Kherson-Alyoshki route. Buses in Alyoshki run every 30 minutes. from 6.00 to 20.00. In summer, the first bus is at 3.00. The distance between the final stops is about 30 km, which the bus covers in 1 hour. The route is served mainly by low-floor MAZ-103 buses, which are ideal for this route: they are convenient for passengers and have a large passenger capacity (up to 100 people). The fare is 11 UAH. Minibuses also run around the city (No. 1,2,3,4). Also in the city there are 24-hour taxi services “Your Taxi” (unavailable link), “Leader”, “Just Taxi”, “Prestige” and “Elite Taxi”, which transport passengers and provide home delivery of food and medicine. There were plans to build a trolleybus line to Kherson, but they are currently frozen.

General plan

On October 17, 2008, employees of the Kyiv Institute “Dipromisto” brought the Master Plan for the development of the city until 2031 to Aleshki. According to him:

• Annexation of suburban villages to Aleshki: Sagi-1, Sagi-2, Vinrassadnik, Nechaevo, Art. Tsyurupinsk (Floodplain).
• Increasing the city's territory from 2017 hectares to 2249.8 hectares.
• Construction of a pedestrian crossing across the Chaika River.
• Development of the city center towards the Chaika River and development of boulevards.
• Construction of the 4th and 5th microdistricts (high-rise buildings and cottages), an increase in construction volumes of 380-390 thousand m².
• Layout of boulevards in the center, park area.
• Construction of a school on Slobodka (No. 5).
• Let all traffic flow out of the city.
• Relocation of hazardous industries outside the city.
• Alyoshek connections are not planned until 2031.

Sport

The city has an amateur football club “Dynamo”, which plays in the championship and cup of the Kherson region, as well as the “Start” stadium. The club has never become a regional champion, but once won the regional cup (in 1999).

1. Database of local self-government bodies of Ukraine
2. The size of the apparent population of Ukraine as of September 1, 2017. State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Kiev, 2017. page 73
3. Bodnarsky M. S. Dictionary of Geographical Names / Ed. V. P. Tikhomirov. 2nd ed. - M.: Uchpedgiz, 1958.
4. Some sights of the Lower Dnieper
5. The first general census of the Russian Empire in 1897
6. No. 3186. Along Lenin’s path // Chronicle of periodicals and ongoing publications of the USSR 1986-1990. Part 2. Newspapers. M., “Book Chamber”, 1994. p.416-417
7. The Rada renamed Komsomolsk Gorishni Plavni. lb.ua (19.5.2016). Retrieved May 22, 2016.
8. Instructions for the Russian transfer of geographical names of the Ukrainian SSR / Comp. G. P. Bondaruk; Ed. L. I. Rozova. - M., 1971. - 35 p. - 1500 copies.

Links

• Oleshkivska Miska Rada (Ukrainian)
• Aleshki // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

Tsyurupinsk(until 1928 - Aleshki) - a city of regional subordination, the center of the region, located on the left bank of the Konka River (a branch of the Dnieper), 12 km from the regional center and 9 km from the Tsyurupinsk railway station on the Kherson - Dzhankoy line.

The area where the city is located has been inhabited since ancient times. Near the city, the remains of two settlements of the Bronze Age (II - early I millennium BC) were discovered, in one of them in the X-IX centuries. BC e. there was a workshop for the manufacture of bronze tools (this is evidenced by the foundry molds found here and the products made in them).

On the territory of modern Tsyurupinsk in the X-XIII centuries. There was, as repeatedly mentioned in the chronicles, the Slavic trading city of Oleshye, which was a stronghold of Kievan Rus in the lower reaches of the Dnieper. There was a pier here. The trade route from Kyiv to Byzantium and the Dniester region passed by.

In the XV-XVIII centuries. this territory was part of the Crimean Khanate. After the destruction of the Old Sich by the tsarist troops in 1709, part of the Zaporozhye Cossacks moved to the lower reaches of the Dnieper to the Kamenka gully, trying to found the Sich here. But the tsarist government, seeing in the Sich a hotbed of anti-serfdom struggle, forced the Cossacks to leave Kamenka. In 1711, with the permission of the Crimean Khan, part of the Cossacks moved to the Aleshki tract and founded the Aleshkov Sich. The Cossacks, finding themselves under the rule of the Crimean feudal lords, were subjected to constant oppression on their part: the Cossacks not only paid monetary taxes to the khan's treasury, but also carried out heavy earthworks in Perekop and other places. They were powerless and defenseless against the arbitrariness of the khan's administration. Khan forbade the Cossacks to build fortifications and have artillery. The time of stay of the free Cossacks in the past on the territory of the Khanate remained in the people's memory as a “hard time”. One of the Cossack songs of that time says:

Oh, Oleshki, we will know you for a long time, -

And that hard day, and that hard time

Let us remember for a long time, like a grave face,

The position of the Cossacks worsened even more after the Prut Treaty of 1711, which prohibited trade with Russia. In this regard, the desire of the Cossacks to return to their homeland intensified. The Aleshkovskaya Sich existed until 1728, when the Cossacks again moved to the Kamenka gully. (But only in 1734 did the Cossacks receive permission to return to Zaporozhye).

Intensive settlement of the region began after the annexation of Crimea and Northern Taurida to Russia. In May 1784, 50 families of state peasants who settled near the Aleshki tract founded a settlement under the same name. (Until 1802 it was simultaneously called Dnieper). A year later, new settlers arrived - 258 people, mostly runaway serfs.

After the formation of the Tauride province in 1802, Aleshki was transferred to the category of cities and designated as the administrative center of the Dnieper district. The population of Aleshki increased rapidly. In addition to government officials, fugitive serfs, Don Cossacks, and retired soldiers settled here. Some of the settlers settled on farms adjacent to the western outskirts of Aleshki, and over time a whole chain of so-called villages formed here. settlement, stretching for several kilometers. At the beginning of 1833, 2908 people lived in Aleshki, including 944 revision souls, and there were 430 houses. The population increased noticeably during the Crimean War of 1853-1856 - the city became one of the rear bases for supplying the Russian army with ammunition and food; troops and militias passing through it went to defend Sevastopol. By 1859, the population increased to 6.5 thousand. The houses here were mainly wooden or made of reeds coated with clay. The main occupations of the population were vegetable growing, melon growing and gardening. Few grain crops were sown - it was impossible to get a good harvest on sandy soil with the help of primitive tools, and besides, the so-called. black storms reduced the efforts of grain growers to nothing. Part of the population was engaged in fishing, harvesting reeds, many served as sailors on river and sea vessels (75 coastal oaks and 16 scows ensured the transportation of goods from Aleshki across the Dnieper). In the first half of the 19th century. commodity-money relations actively developed here. The entrepreneurial part of the population received about 20 thousand rubles from the sale of vegetables and watermelons alone. profit in silver annually, 10 thousand rubles. fishing brought in income, 5 thousand rubles. - transportation of goods across the Dnieper. Trade played a major role in the economic life of the town: in Aleshki there were 16 shops, fairs were held three times a year, where livestock, grain, lard, and linen were traded. According to the law of November 24, 1866, the state peasants Aleshek were assigned lands previously cultivated by them, for which it was necessary to pay a state quitrent tax. After 20 years, in accordance with the law of 1886, the quitrent tax was replaced by redemption payments, the amount of which exceeded the amount of quitrent payments by 45 percent. Payments from the Aleshkovo community amounted to 11.9 thousand rubles. annually. At the end of the 19th century. in the possession of the Aleshkov peasants (together with the farmsteads there were 814 households) there were 13.7 thousand dessiatinas, i.e., on average there were 8 dessiatines of convenient land per revision person. At this time, there were 509 households in Aleshki, where 2,060 peasants lived (settlements and farmsteads in post-reform times were administratively separated from the shtetl and called the village of Aleshki). The majority of the population were poor and low-income peasants (291 such farms accounted for only 94 work horses).

The social composition of the population of Aleshek was very diverse. In addition to peasants, who made up over 40 percent, there were a significant number of burghers, from other classes - merchants, small traders, artisans, officials, and representatives of the clergy. After the reform, a revival was observed in the economy of Aleshki: trade, industry, various crafts developed intensively, and the wealthy part of the population increased their entrepreneurial activity. Quite significant enterprises of the capitalist type operated here: a factory for the production of fizzy drinks, a steam mill, an oil mill, a printing house, as well as several handicraft workshops. By the beginning of the 20th century. there were already over 100 trading enterprises (shops, shops, warehouses) with a total turnover of 850 thousand rubles. in year. Former state peasants continued to engage in agriculture. But now in Aleshki, especially at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, preference began to be given to industries that had acquired a commercial character: viticulture, melon growing and others that brought large profits (100 thousand rubles were received from the sale of watermelons annually). With the development of capitalist relations, the social gap between different groups of the population deepened. Over 60 percent The population consisted of the poor, forced to work for hire in the farms of the local rich, for the owners of private enterprises - merchants, traders and other representatives of the local bourgeoisie. The development of industry, trade, and crafts contributed to the influx of newcomers to the town. Poverty and lack of rights for the majority of the population (mainly working people), social and national oppression caused sharp discontent of the masses with the existing order, which during the revolution of 1905-1907. turned into a political protest. Since 1905, the RSDLP organization operated in the town, led by the Kherson-Dnieper Committee of Rural Organizations of the RSDLP. Members of the organization delivered and distributed illegal literature among Aleshkovo peasants and workers. At the beginning of May 1905, unrest began among the peasants. At the same time, a revolt of political prisoners broke out in the Aleshkovo prison, which soon assumed such proportions that troops were called in from Kherson to suppress it.

At the end of 1905, unrest began in local educational institutions: students of the Aleshkovsky district school achieved the dismissal of the school inspector they hated, and on December 5, 1905, portraits of the Tsar were torn from the walls. Revolutionary sentiments spread even among the soldiers sent to suppress the protests of the working people. Thus, in December 1905, the district police officer informed the governor about the unreliability of the 9th company of the Ochakov battalion stationed in Aleshki. On December 21, martial law was introduced in the district. The protests did not stop in 1906. Thus, in a message from a member of the council of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the Tauride governor dated April 8, 1906, it was noted that Aleshki was one of the centers around which revolutionary organizations united. On May 1, 1906, proclamations “To all workers and workers of the city of Kherson!” appeared in the city! (published by the Kherson organization of the RSDLP), “To all workers!” (appeal of the Nikolaev organization of the RSDLP), “Towards the First of May” (Odessa Committee of the RSDLP) and “Who are the Social Democrats? "(issued by the Kherson Provincial Committee of Rural Organizations of the RSDLP). The leaflets called on workers for a revolutionary struggle against tsarism and exploitation. An active agitator and distributor of them in Aleshki was a member of the Kherson-Dnieper Committee of Rural Organizations of the RSDLP L. N. Voinova. Mass searches and arrests began. Most of the Social Democratic organization was arrested, including L.N. Voinova. On the eve of the First World War, 9,119 people lived in Aleshki. Local residents, as well as the population of most of the surrounding villages that were part of the Aleshkovsky medical site, were served by a zemstvo hospital with 20 beds, opened in the middle of the 19th century. Medical care was provided to the population by 12 medical workers, including 1 doctor. A little later, a pharmacy began operating. Aleshek's first educational institution was a district school with a lower department (opened in 1812), and since 1874 a 4-grade city school with a craft class at it functioned. In 1890, there were 5 teachers teaching 186 students (21 students in the craft class), in 1915 there were 5 teachers and 141 students. By 1914, there were 3 zemstvo schools, in which 6 teachers worked; two-class and one-class parochial schools with 3 teachers. The only secondary educational institution was a private 7-grade women's gymnasium with 10 teachers and 170 students.

Special education was provided by craft classes at the city school, a women's vocational school and a two-class nautical school. The book fund of the Aleshkovo library numbered about 2 thousand copies.

The First World War brought untold misfortunes to the working people and sharply aggravated social contradictions. Most of the able-bodied male population of Aleshek was mobilized to the front. Having lost their breadwinners, many families went hungry. Every day the cost increased. The front-line soldiers, demobilized after being wounded, returning to Aleshki, told the poor the truth about the war, about those responsible for the difficult situation of the working people. As soon as the fall of the autocracy became known in Aleshki, a public committee was elected. It included representatives of the bourgeoisie and conciliatory parties. At the same time, the Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies was created. Each of the group of industrial workers of the town, united by profession, sent one representative to the Council, 13 representatives were delegated by a company of soldiers stationed in Aleshki. On April 7, 1917, the first meeting of the Council took place, at which deputies welcomed the overthrow of the autocracy and expressed solidarity with the Petrograd proletariat. In the spring, peasant unrest began again in the Dnieper district, including in Aleshki. Peasants arbitrarily seized landowners' lands and organized land committees. On May 18-19, 1917, a conference of the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies took place in Kherson, in which delegates from Novo-Vorontsovka, Skadovsk, Kakhovka, Gavrilovka and Aleshek took part. At the conference, reports from the field were heard, the program of the upcoming All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies was discussed, and a representative was elected to the congress. On July 8-9, the 1st Congress of the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies of the Dnieper District was held in Aleshki. Among the delegates to the congress were Bolsheviks, Mensheviks, Socialist Revolutionaries, Cadets and anarchists. The Congress, by a majority vote, adopted resolutions on peace without annexations and indemnities, and on support for the Soviets. The decisions of the congress, in particular, stated: “...The congress declares that it will not deviate from the idea of ​​the Soviets.” The working population opposed the slogan of the Provisional Government - war to a victorious end, as well as against the increase in prices for food products, demanding that the fight against profiteering be strengthened. As elsewhere in the Tauride province, food riots broke out in Aleshki by desperate female soldiers. In conditions when the revolutionary situation was growing in the country, a Bolshevik organization was formed in Aleshki (September 1917), headed by K. A. Moskalenko. The soldiers and sailors who returned from the fronts of the imperialist war were under the influence of the Bolsheviks. They became organizers of workers' squads.

With the victory of the October armed uprising in Petrograd, the working population of Aleshki, led by the Bolsheviks, led a decisive struggle to expel the Socialist-Revolutionary-Menshevik deputies from the Soviet. The Bolshevik Military Revolutionary Committee, created in December 1917, initiated the creation of Soviets in the villages of the district.

Soon re-elections of the Aleshkovsky Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies took place. N. G. Kulish, a later famous Ukrainian writer-playwright, was elected Chairman of the Council. The council imposed indemnity on shipowners, nationalized merchant shops, and provided material assistance to the poor. After the establishment of Soviet power in the Dnieper district, the Aleshkovites began to implement Lenin’s Decree on Land, recording and distributing unearned land among the poorest peasantry. Cultural Soviet farms were created on the site of landowners' estates.

But the first steps of Soviet power were stopped by the invasion of Ukraine by German-Austrian troops. The Ukrainian Soviet government called on workers and peasants to take up arms and defend the republic. In the villages of the district, the formation of Red Guard detachments took place; one of their most active organizers was a member of the revolutionary committee, D. S. Mordvinov. A native of Aleshek, a Baltic sailor, he took part in the storming of the Winter Palace and the arrest of the Provisional Government. In 1930, D. S. Mordvinov was awarded the title of Hero of the Red Guard, and in 1967, for his active participation in the civil war, he was awarded the Order of Lenin. On February 6, 1918, a Red Guard detachment was created in Aleshki, and a military revolutionary headquarters was organized. The communist P.I. Taran was appointed commander of the detachment. In March 1918, a detachment of 500 people was organized, mainly from Aleshkov sailors and fishermen, under the command of the Bolshevik sailor from Aleshkov I. I. Matveev. The Red Guards came to the aid of the workers of Kherson, who offered armed resistance to the German occupiers. However, pressed by the invaders, they were forced to retreat. P.I. Taran’s detachment retreated to the north of Soviet Ukraine, to Irpen, where it actively participated in battles with the troops of the Central Rada, and I.I. Matveev’s detachment went to the Taman Peninsula. Here, uniting with rebel detachments of Dnieper peasants and Crimean rebels who fought through Northern Taurida, the detachment formed the backbone of the later famous Taman Army. Its commander was I.I. Matveev, his deputy was E.I. Kovtyukh. The Taman army made a legendary campaign (described by A.S. Serafimovich in the story “Iron Stream”) from Armavir to join the main units of the Red Army in the Pyatigorsk region. I. I. Matveev died in the fall of 1918. To fight the German-Austrian occupiers, the hetmanate in Aleshki created the Dnieper district underground committee of the Bolsheviks; it maintained contact with the Odessa regional and Kherson provincial committees.

Bolshevik leaflets were distributed in Aleshki and the district, calling for the expulsion of the invaders and sabotage of the orders and regulations of the occupation authorities. In the summer of 1918, a wave of mass peasant uprisings swept across the district. The population in every possible way prevented the export of material assets looted by the occupiers. Many of the residents of Aleshki went into partisan detachments under the command of I. E. Girsky, S. I. Taran, A. Ya. Nedozhdiy, who fought behind enemy lines. At the end of 1918, the occupiers were expelled from Aleshki and some villages of the district. But already in January 1919, Aleshki found himself in the zone of Anglo-French-Greek intervention. The Bolsheviks led the workers' struggle against new enemies. There were more than 150 of them in the Dnieper district, 50 of them worked in Aleshki. The underground Bolshevik organization was led by K. A. Moskalenko, the underground district revolutionary committee was headed by the Baltic sailor, native of Aleshek V. S. Ptakhov. On February 12, 1919, while carrying out the task of the underground district committee - collecting food surplus - in the Ishchensky farms (now the village of Ptakhovka, Skadovsky district, Kherson region), the chairman of the revolutionary committee, V. S. Ptakhov, and a member of the revolutionary committee, T. E. Kozhushchenko, were brutally tortured. The young communists were not even 25 years old when the brutal kulaks ended their lives. In honor of one of them, the village was named Ptakhovka, and its central street was named after the second. P.I. Taran became an experienced leader of the partisan struggle against the interventionists, who managed to unite the scattered partisan detachments of the district. With the active support of the workers, in early March 1919, the partisans liberated Aleshki from the interventionists. Soviet power was restored in Aleshki. On March 21, 1919, residents welcomed the military units of the Red Army that entered the city. In April, elections were held to the Dnieper District Council of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies. Industrial enterprises and medical institutions were registered, assistance was provided to the families of Red Army soldiers, and grain was collected for the Red Army. On May 1, a festive demonstration of workers took place. The Aleshkovites fully supported the political and economic activities of the Bolshevik district committee and the district revolutionary committee.

But the first steps of Soviet power were interrupted: in June 1919, the Denikin offensive began. All party members and sympathizers were mobilized to fight the counter-revolution. The Dnieper district headquarters for military affairs was created in Aleshki. By order of the headquarters of June 26, 1919, the 1st Dnieper Peasant Regiment was formed on the basis of P.I. Taran’s detachment. In July 1919, the regiment joined the 58th Infantry Division as No. 517. There were battles for almost the entire month, and on July 28, Denikin’s troops captured Alyoshki. On the same day, the enemies shot 12 activists, and a few days later - another 420 workers and peasants accused of sympathizing with the Bolsheviks. Despite the repressions, Denikin’s attempts to carry out mass mobilization into their army completely failed: in August, 13 thousand residents of the district were gathered at recruiting stations, shouting “Long live Soviet power!”, “Get away with the gold chasers!” - Denikin's institutions were destroyed. The 1st Dnieper Peasant Regiment carried out bold raids into the enemy rear, keeping the enemy in constant tension. In the summer of 1919, the regiment's cavalry detachment broke through to Aleshki and inflicted great damage on the enemy's manpower and equipment. For this brilliantly executed operation, the Kherson Council of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies awarded the regiment the Honorary Banner of the Revolution. Together with the regiment, the Aleshkovite I.K. Samarets, commander of the Komsomol company, went through a difficult and glorious battle path. On August 1, 1919, the company of I.K. Samarts, landing on Aleshki, crushed the Denikin outposts and, capturing five guns, broke into the city. For this feat, the brave commander was awarded a high award - the Order of the Red Banner, and the street in Aleshki, where the hero was born and lived, has been named after him since 1922. In January 1920, units of the Red Army liberated Alyoshki from Denikin’s troops. The revolutionary committee resumed its activities. In March 1920, a non-party peasant conference was held here, the decisions of which were aimed at involving workers in economic restoration and providing assistance to the Red Army. In April of the same year, elections to the Aleshkovsky Council of Workers' Deputies took place. Among the 44 elected to the Council there were 30 communists. However, Soviet construction was carried out in a tense front-line situation, in the conditions of the Wrangel offensive. All this had a negative impact on the living standards of the population: a significant part of the land remained uncultivated due to a shortage of horses and agricultural implements.

When Wrangel’s troops approached, Aleshki was defended by a detachment of a local garrison of 250 people (including 90 Kherson workers, most of whom were communists). A defense headquarters was established in the city. On the night of June 11-12, 1920, Wrangel’s troops managed to capture Aleshki. From that night and throughout the subsequent period of White Guard “rule,” the residents of Aleshki were subjected to persecution and arrests, robberies and executions became commonplace. Having captured an advanced outpost of 30 people - communists, Komnezamovites, political workers, the enemies destroyed it. The secretary of the district party committee, Zhidelev, died under the blows of bandit sabers. The population joined the fight against the Wrangelites. Information collected by local residents helped the Red Army destroy enemy landings not only in the Aleshki area, but also in the Cossack Camps and Golaya Pristan. Alyoshas changed hands several times. At the end of October 1920, Soviet power was finally restored here. On October 29, the district revolutionary committee began to work. On December 1 of the same year, a district congress of revolutionary committees took place in Aleshki, at which issues of Soviet construction were discussed. The working population supported Soviet power. On February 12-16, 1921, a district congress of Soviets of workers, peasants and Red Army deputies took place in Aleshki. The congress discussed issues of Soviet construction, women's participation in public life, the organization of collective farms, food policy, cooperation and others. In January 1922, 11 party cells operated in Aleshki, including three military ones. The newspaper “Dnieper Commune” was published (the organ of the district committee of the CP(b)U and the district executive committee), the first issue of which was published at the end of December 1920. In the spring of 1921, a Komsomol organization was created. The construction of a new life was hampered by the remnants of kulak gangs and counter-revolutionary groups that were still active throughout the district. To fight the kulak underdogs, a cavalry detachment of Komnezamovites arrived from Nikolaev. Reinforced by Komnezamovites and local police, the detachment liquidated the White Guard terrorist group “Golden Anchor”. For active participation in the defeat of bandit gangs and heroism shown in the fight against the Wrangelites, the head of the Aleshkovo police, M. S. Luppa, was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

Gradually, a new life was being established in Aleshki. Already at the beginning of 1921, there were 17 small handicraft workshops operating here, employing 217 people. Party and Soviet bodies paid great attention to organizing and strengthening the first collective farms. In 1921, the “Robesper” commune, the “Plodoovoch” artel, and the “United Pratsya” vegetable growing brigade were created. On the former landowner lands of the Falz-Feins and Mordvinovs, Soviet farms were created - cultural state farms. By 1925, the sown areas were basically restored - about 3 thousand dessiatines, of which 483 dessiatines were occupied by estates, vegetable gardens - 401 dessiatines, orchards - 37 dessiatines, vineyards - 12.5 dessiatines. There was a fishing industry (in the regional center there were 12 sea and 288 river boats), Aleshkovites also sailed on the ships of the Lower Dnieper Shipping Company. There were 4 forges, 7 mills, and a woodworking workshop.

At the same time, a network of healthcare and public education institutions was being established. There was a hospital with 35 beds, 2 doctors, 5 paramedics and 9 sanitary workers took care of the health of the local population. Immediately after the end of the civil war, the fight against illiteracy began in Aleshki: since January 1921, teacher training courses for educational literacy schools have been running, and a school for adults opened in February. Since November 1921, a vocational school operated. By the end of the restoration period, 19 teachers taught 543 students in two primary and seven-year schools. In the spring of 1921, the Museum of the Revolution and the communist club “First of May” operated, where lectures, concerts were organized, plays were staged, and propaganda circles worked. “Book Week” was held from December 20 to 26. Specially made leaflets and posters with the inscriptions: “Time to eliminate popular darkness” and others were distributed among the population. Libraries were replenished with books, reading huts were created. In 1925, the art and historical museum was opened. The Dnieper district department of public education, which was then headed by N. G. Kulish, provided the Aleshkovites with great methodological assistance in organizing cultural institutions. Soldiers of the 15th Sivash Division took an active part in the creation and design of red corners, political literacy circles, and amateur performances. At this time, in Aleshki, L. M. Leonov, later a famous Soviet writer, worked as the editor of the divisional newspaper “At the Combat Post”. Komsomol members and youth took an active part in eliminating illiteracy among the population, in the work of amateur art groups, and in propaganda work. Lecture schools and studios were created to train lecturers, propagandists, and cultural workers.

Having restored the economy destroyed during the civil war, the Aleshkovites became involved in the implementation of Lenin’s cooperative plan. Guided by the decisions of the XV Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), which proclaimed a course towards complete collectivization, the communists agitated peasants for joining collective farms, explaining the advantages of collective forms of farming. In 1927, a viticulture partnership consisting of 75 people was created. Fixed assets and agricultural equipment of the partnership amounted to 7,414 rubles. Dneproplodvinkhoz supplied the partnership with equipment, providing commodity loans.

In 1928, Aleshki was renamed Tsyurupinsk in honor of a prominent figure of the Communist Party, professional revolutionary, native of Aleshki A.D. Tsyurupa.

The first agricultural artel, organized in June of the same year, was also named after A.D. Tsyurupa.

In subsequent years (1929-1930) artels “Chervona Ukraine” were created in Tsyurupinsk, named after. Kotovsky, “New life”, named after. October revolution. In the organization of the first collective farms, a prominent role was played by Komnezamovites, chiefs - workers of the Kherson port, one of whom, twenty-five thousandth communist A.E. Ryabushenko, organizer of the Kherson water workers' trade union, was elected chairman of the collective farm "Chervona Ukraine". Women played a significant role in the organization and development of collective farms. The first collective farmers were

M. A. Dobuzhinskaya, N. A. Gurenok, L. I. Polyakova and others. Collective farmers participated in the organization of nurseries and created a women's rural brigade.

The state provided great assistance to the Aleshek peasants in mastering new forms of farming. In 1928-1929 young collective farms received 3 tractors and more than 2 thousand rubles, and next year, from a loan allocated to the district, part of the funds for the purchase of high-quality grain. At the same time, over 5 thousand rubles were allocated to organize meals for farm laborers who joined the collective farm. .

The creation of collective farms was accompanied by an acute class struggle: the kulaks and their minions waged violent agitation against the collective farm system and resorted to terrorist acts. In response to this, from January 30, 1930, 44 meetings of peasants were held in the region, demanding the liquidation of the kulaks as a class and the eviction of the kulaks from Ukraine. In February, communists, Komsomol members, and Komnezamov activists from Tsyurupinsk organized a march-demonstration to the village of Solontsy to help their neighbors collectivize the village. By March 1931, 4,504 peasant farms were collectivized. The land area of ​​collective farms was 25,716 hectares (63.9 percent of all lands in Tsyurupinsk). In accordance with the objectives of the second five-year plan, courses for agronomists, veterinary assistants, accountants, foremen, and vegetable growers were organized. At the district department there was a technical council to promote best practices, organize lectures, and excursions to exemplary grape plantations. Specialists from the Tsyurupinsky state variety testing site for vegetable crops (established in 1927) were invited to participate in the work of the technical council.

Special soil conditions - Aleshkovo's loose sands - did not allow high grain yields, so collective farms specialized in the development of vegetable growing and viticulture and achieved significant success. By 1940, the collective farm named after. Kotovsky received average annual tomato yields of 256.6 centners per 1 hectare on an area of ​​14.8 hectares, the collective farm named after. Tsyurupy - grape yield 59.6 centners per 1 ha. The high labor activity of the residents of Tsyurupinsk in fulfilling the five-year plans was clearly manifested during the period of the Stakhanov movement that unfolded in the country. The first Stakhanovist link in the collective farm “Chervona Ukraine” was headed by M. P. Vizinyuk. In 1940, members of her team collected 220 centners of potatoes and 420 centners of tomatoes per hectare. Agricultural workers demonstrated the results of their achievements at the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition. Among those awarded exhibition diplomas in 1940 were the collective farm named after. Tsyurupy, variety testing site for vegetable crops, research station for the development of the Lower Dnieper sands (established in 1926). The Tsyurupinsk scientific demonstration apiary played a major role in the development of beekeeping in the region. The economy of farms gradually strengthened and their income increased. On the collective farm. Tsyurupa, for example, in 1940 the annual income exceeded 1 million rubles. .

By 1940, changes had also occurred in the industrial development of Tsyurupinsk. Local industry was represented by an industrial plant and industrial martels that produced household goods and building materials. The Trudlozovik artel specialized in the production of light and comfortable furniture from wicker. The Tsyurupinsky food processing plant provided residents with bread and meat and dairy products, soft drinks, and the plant’s winery carried out primary processing of local grapes. The Tsyurupa peat enterprise operated uninterruptedly.

Medical care has improved. In 1941, there was a hospital with 20 beds; 12 doctors and 35 semi-qualified health workers took care of the health of workers. 2,060 school-age children studied in three secondary and seven-year schools, 130 teachers passed on their knowledge and experience to them. The veterinary technical school transferred from Novovorontsovka operated. Since 1934, a radio center, a cinema, and a cultural center operated.

But the peaceful life of the Soviet people was interrupted by the treacherous attack of Hitler Germany on the Soviet Union. Over 1,600 residents of Tsyurupinsk went to the front to defend their homeland with arms in hand from the hated enemy. In July 1941, a fighter battalion was created in Tsyurupinsk to protect military facilities and enterprises. In connection with the approaching front line, Tsyurupa collective farms were in a hurry to evacuate collective farm property, livestock, and agricultural equipment to the deep rear of the country. Women replaced their husbands who had gone to the front in their workplaces, and children and old people worked selflessly next to them. The population was in a hurry to harvest the crops before the front line approached and urgently evacuate them. On September 10, 1941, fascist troops occupied Tsyurupinsk. From the very first days of the occupation, the Nazis established a “new order”. In a short time, the Nazis destroyed 2,160 residents of Tsyurupinsk and nearby settlements, 2 thousand captured Soviet soldiers and officers, and drove 856 young men and women to Germany for hard labor. The working people rose up to fight the hated enemy. In the region during September - October 1941, a partisan detachment was active, led by civil war participant E. E. Girsky and the chairman of the executive committee of the Kherson City Council of Workers' Deputies A. K. Ladychuk, and in Tsyurupinsk - the underground youth organization "Yunarmia". Members of the organization - A. A. Fomin, O. G. Bendersky, L. P. Sergienko, S. V. Ponomarenko, D. V. Ponomarenko, S. M. Protsenko, V. M. Taran, M. I. Yasinsky , G. T. Ivanov and V. A. Babenko wrote and distributed leaflets, disabled enemy equipment, telegraph and telephone communications, and organized prisoner of war escapes (after the liberation of Tsyurupinsk, the Youth Army members joined the ranks of the Soviet Armed Forces).

For underground work behind enemy lines, by decision of the Nikolaev regional party committee in the Tsyurupinsky district, the chairman of the executive committee of the Tsyurupinsky regional Council of Workers' Deputies A. A. Pogrebnyak and the district prosecutor D. E. Kadynsky were left. However, having barely launched their underground activities, the patriots were captured by the Nazis and executed in the village of Velikie Kopani on February 15, 1942. On November 3, 1943, soldiers of the 87th Guards Perekop Red Banner Order of Suvorov 2nd degree rifle division under the command of Colonel K. Ya. Tymchik, which was part of the 13th Guards Rifle Corps of the 2nd Guards Army of the 4th Ukrainian Front, liberated Tsyurupinsk. The Don Cossacks of the 41st Cavalry Regiment of the 5th Guards Don Cossack Cavalry Corps took an active part in the liberation. But the Nazi invaders for some time held a bridgehead with an area of ​​about 100 square meters near the Tsyurupinsk railway station, in the area of ​​Lake Yesterday. km. This bridgehead - it was called “Kherson” - had an important tactical significance, because being fortified with four rows of trenches with numerous bunkers and dugouts of 6-8 rail ramps, it covered the approaches to the lower reaches of the Dnieper. On December 16, 1943, troops of the Guards 2nd Mechanized and 13th Rifle Corps of the 4th Ukrainian Front began an assault on the bridgehead. On the night of December 20, the main and last enemy stronghold in this area fell. A red flag was hoisted over the railway station.

On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, 2,610 residents of Tsyurupinsk fought against the Nazi invaders. Of these, 2549 were awarded orders and medals of the Soviet Union, 1500 people did not return from the battlefields. In the center of the city, on a mass grave, a memorial complex was built, where the names of 547 soldiers who died in the battles for Tsyurupinsk and fellow countrymen who gave their lives for their Motherland are carved. There, in two mass graves, 3.5 thousand soldiers and commanders who died during the storming of the bridgehead are buried. In memory of them the Eternal Flame of Glory burns. In the village of Bubyai, Siauliai district of the Lithuanian SSR, there is a monument to a resident of Tsyurupinsk Guard, Private P.L. Litvinov. Fulfilling the command's order to delay the Nazi advance, he accomplished a feat - together with his comrades, he held the position with targeted machine gun fire for two and a half hours, and the Nazi attack in that section of the battle fizzled out. Suddenly, seven “tigers” moved towards the brave fighters. Then P.L. Litvinov tied several grenades and threw himself under the lead tank. When the flames engulfed the fascist vehicle, the remaining tanks turned back. For this feat, P. L. Litvinov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. During the occupation of Tsyurupinsk, enemies plundered enterprises and collective farms, destroyed the premises of a school, a district military registration and enlistment office, a mill, and many residential buildings. The losses caused by the Nazis exceeded 10 million rubles. . On November 4, 1943, the district party committee and the village Council of Workers' Deputies resumed their work. Intense, dedicated work soon yielded tangible results: by the end of 1944, local industrial enterprises were operating in Tsyurupinsk - an industrial plant, a food processing plant, a winery, a peat enterprise, and the Zirka artel. The workers of the industrial plant quickly installed a sawmill and started producing furniture for the population, using local raw materials - willow, shell, and willow. The party organization and management of the Tsyurupinsky peat enterprise mobilized workers for uninterrupted peat extraction in the floodplain of the Kardashinsky estuary. Working in two shifts, the peat bog team provided fuel to schools, hospitals, nurseries, and city residents received cheap fuel. The workers of the Zirka artel did not lag behind: having restored the destroyed economy of the artel, they established the production of necessary consumer goods (fabrics, headscarves, blankets, etc.), organized sewing and repair of shoes for the population.

The pace of restoration accelerated when, with the end of the Great Patriotic War, front-line soldiers began to return. Party and Soviet bodies helped yesterday's soldiers repair their housing, find employment, and 452 families of fallen Red Army soldiers received financial assistance. The state provided loans to the population for the construction and repair of housing. The fraternal republics helped restore Tsyurupinsk. Equipment, building materials, livestock, agricultural implements, and cars arrived from the eastern regions of the country. As a result of selfless labor, the collective farm named after. Tsyurupy already in 1945 fulfilled the grain procurement plan ahead of schedule. In 1950, the artel named after. Kotovsky went to the forefront. By the end of the restoration period, the sown areas had been mostly developed, farms and other livestock buildings were repaired. The grain harvest amounted to 11.3 centners per hectare. Kolkhoz named after Kotovsky fulfilled 101-102 percent of the plan for the supply of grain, meat, and eggs to the state in 1950, and fully paid off with the state for the supply of vegetables of all types.

Workers from local industry and transport worked selflessly. The planned targets for 1950 were not only fulfilled, but also exceeded, and the workers of the Tsyurupa railway distance completed the annual target target by November 1950, achieving cost savings of 130 thousand rubles. Many workers completed tasks at 130-140 percent. Simultaneously with solving economic problems, party and Soviet bodies paid a lot of attention to the issues of organizing the work of medical institutions, schools, and cultural institutions.

In 1950, there was a hospital with 100 beds and a polyclinic department; 120 medical workers, including 40 doctors, took care of the health of workers. All 2,615 school-age children were enrolled in two secondary and seven-year schools. 120 teachers shared their experience and knowledge with their students. There was a veterinary college. A lot of propaganda, ideological, educational, and cultural work was carried out by the district cultural center, cinema, and local radio center. The reading rooms of two libraries were opened for the public's services, the number of books in their collections exceeded 5 thousand copies. The workers of Tsyurupinsk, gradually overcoming the difficulties of the post-war period, increased the pace of development of agricultural and industrial production. In the 50s The economic characteristics of Tsyurupinsk have undergone significant changes. In 1956 it was transferred to the category of cities of regional subordination. Now the leading role in the economy belongs to industry. In 1958, the construction of a pulp mill began - a large modern enterprise with high technical equipment. The plant was declared an All-Union Komsomol construction site. Russians and Ukrainians, Belarusians and Moldovans, Kazakhs, Latvians, and representatives of other nationalities of the Soviet Union worked here shoulder to shoulder. Leading workers and production teams demonstrated examples of highly efficient work. Among them is the first communist labor brigade in the region, headed by communist N.F. Fedorov.

On December 15, 1962, the first experimental pulping was carried out at the plant. In 1963, the enterprise began producing sulphate-cane pulp in a continuous manner, and a year later it began producing it from aspen wood. In 1964-1965 Tsyurupinsk pulp mills demonstrated their products at the USSR Exhibition of Economic Achievements. The company's staff was awarded 1st and 2nd degree diplomas. 25 plant workers received medals, including 2 gold, 3 silver, 20 bronze.

In 1974, the second stage of the filter paper production plant was put into operation (construction began in 1968). This is the first enterprise in the country that produces domestic materials for filtering motor fuel. The team of this plant, the ideological inspirer and organizer of which is the party organization of 245 members of the CPSU, is the leader in the region, and has repeatedly achieved victories in the All-Union Socialist Competition. The constant assistants of the enterprise's communists are 350 Komsomol members. The anniversary banner of the Komsomol district committee for championship in the competition in honor of the 60th anniversary of the Komsomol was handed over to them for eternal storage. The labor and political activity of the plant workers is high. The foreman of the cellulose production workshop G.S. Sokolenko was a delegate to the XVI Congress of the Komsomol, the worker of the electrical workshop N.P. Troshkina participated in the work of the XVII Congress of the Komsomol, the washer L.I. Kurochkina represented the factory Komsomol at the XVIII Congress of the Komsomol. A student of the Leninist Komsomol, the young communist V.I. Raichuk was a delegate to the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine.

The high production achievements of the teams of industrial enterprises in the region made it possible to successfully cope with the tasks of the ninth five-year plan and report on its early implementation - by December 11, 1975. In addition to the plan, products worth 190 million rubles were produced. Construction workers increased labor productivity by 9.2 percent. The workers of Tsyurupinsk marked the tenth five-year plan with new labor successes. The first in the region to join the fight for production efficiency and high quality products was the pulp mill. As a result of the dedicated work of the entire team, in 1976, bleached sulphate pulp was certified according to the highest quality category, and in March 1979, the state Quality Mark was awarded to the products of the filter paper factory - filter cardboard. Now the construction of the third stage of the plant - a roofing materials factory (FKM) for the needs of the furniture industry - is nearing completion.

From year to year the pulp mill increases its production capacity. During the tenth five-year plan, the enterprise produced products worth 39,200 thousand rubles. The level of mechanization and automation of production has increased significantly. During this period, the share of products manufactured with the state Quality Mark has doubled. Preparing a worthy meeting for the 26th Congress of the CPSU, the plant workers produced above-plan products worth 9.2 million rubles, including 6.8 thousand tons of paper. The plant workers are strengthening friendly ties with the workers of the People's Republic of Bulgaria. The plant organizes joint labor holidays - “friendship brews”, in which both representatives of industrial enterprises of the country and pulp mills of Bulgaria take part. For two years, cook A. M. Lukichev, a holder of the Order of Lenin, taught Bulgarian friends the skill of pulp cooking.

Other city enterprises are also developing successfully. Since 1969, the Tsyurupinsky creamery came into operation, the initial production capacity of which was 25 tons of dairy products processed per day. By the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the plant was completely reconstructed. A production line for the production of butter, additional containers for storing milk and cream were installed, the area of ​​refrigeration chambers was expanded, and the capacity of refrigeration units was doubled. Nowadays, 150 tons of milk are processed here per shift, producing over 10 types of high-quality dairy products. The plant's staff (74 people), won in 1977, annually confirms the title of an enterprise of high culture with high production achievements. Thus, in 1980, the volume of production amounted to 6,131 thousand rubles in monetary terms, i.e., it doubled compared to 1970. The five-year plan for the production of low-fat dairy products by the creamery was completed ahead of schedule. During the eleventh five-year plan, the plant’s staff took on increased socialist obligations to increase gross output from each ton of raw milk. Already in the first year of the eleventh five-year plan, the creamery fulfilled the product sales plan in monetary terms in the amount of 5946.7 thousand rubles.

A prominent place in the production of consumer goods is occupied by the Tsyurupinsk sewing factory, which produces wadding satin blankets, men's shirts and other products, the total volume of which (in monetary terms) is 4,764 thousand rubles. annually. In 1976, the factory expanded by adding two peripheral sections to it - Gornostaevsky and Golopristansky, as a result, the volume of output increased to 7,350 thousand rubles. During the years of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the production capacity of the enterprise increased and the range of manufactured products expanded. Much attention was paid to the introduction of new equipment and advanced technology, which made it possible to significantly improve the quality of goods. The working conditions of the factory workers, of whom there are 398 people, have improved. For high performance indicators, the factory staff in 1980 - in honor of the 110th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Lenin - was awarded the Lenin Jubilee Certificate of Honor. 41 employees received the same award. Among them are M. A. Soboleva, V. P. Sheiko, E. P. Bezmenova, V. I. Yakubova, N. I. Ivanova and others. The team at the Tsyurupinskaya food flavoring factory is also working successfully. The enterprise, employing 160 workers, was founded in June 1977 on the basis of a regional food processing plant. The main products are canned vegetables and juices. Since 1960, the Tsyurupinsky district bytkombinat has been operating in the city, created on the basis of two artels - “Chervona Zirka” and them. Shchorsa. In 1966, 202 people worked here, the volume of sales of household services to the population was - in monetary terms - 144.2 thousand rubles. In 1970, it increased 3 times and amounted to 406.2 thousand rubles, and by the end of the tenth five-year plan it increased to 879.4 thousand rubles. For the successes achieved in the tenth five-year plan, the company's staff, numbering 385 people, was awarded three Certificates of Honor from the Ministry of Public Services of the Ukrainian SSR and the Republican Trade Union Committee. Since 1976, a weaving workshop has been put into operation, in which the production of lint-free carpets has been mastered.

In Tsyurupinsk there are: a railway transport enterprise, motor transport enterprises, a river station; There is a silk farm and five construction organizations. Work is being carried out extensively, on a scientific basis, at the Nizhnedneprovsk research station for afforestation of sands and viticulture on sands, established (September 1925) on the territory of Tsyurupinsk. The history of the station is the history of the Tsyurupa forest. In pre-revolutionary times, thousands of hectares of moving sands surrounding the city advanced on fields, gardens and vineyards, suppressing crops and plantings. In 1834, the tsarist government released 5 thousand rubles. to consolidate the sands, but the matter was limited only to planting shelyuga and aspen. Here later they tried to plant oak, ash, birch, pine, acacia, but they did not take root well, most of the green spaces died. A significant contribution to the development of technology for planting forests on sandy areas was made by Academician VASKhNIL V. N. Vinogradov and Candidate of Biological Sciences, Honored Forest Worker of the Ukrainian SSR I. M. Tarasenko, as well as Candidate of Agricultural Sciences D. P. Topogritsky, who grew a new variety of fast-growing poplar . More than 100 thousand hectares of forest, 11 thousand hectares of gardens were grown on shifting sands with the help of scientists. The station has also created a wonderful collection of grapes, numbering 1,157 varieties. Candidate of Agricultural Sciences I. A. Onishchuk bred 6 new varieties - Nizhnedneprovsky, Olimpiysky, Golden Jubilee, Dneprovsky oxamite, Slavutich, Dneprovsky ruby. New varieties are high-yielding (100 centners per hectare), frost- and disease-resistant. Soviet and foreign colleagues often come to Tsyurupa scientists for experience. In August 1968, a scientific seminar of forest workers from Asia, Africa and Latin America was held here. In the summer of 1971, a session of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences on the topic “Forestation of sands in the European part of the USSR” was held at the research station.

Modern Tsyurupinsk is an industrial city, the enterprises and construction organizations of which employ a total of 2,589 people (on the eve of the Great Patriotic War, only 300 people worked here). The best production workers were awarded by the Motherland. Among them, the Order of Lenin was awarded to E. M. Imshenetskaya, a member of the Tsyurupinsky forestry department, and veterans of the pulp and paper industry V. P. Krylov, A. V. Lukichev, A. A. Kalinko. Among those awarded the highest award of the Motherland is the director of the plant, P. I. Masyuk (now retired). The Order of the October Revolution and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor were awarded to plant worker, limemaker A. I. Evtushenko (1924-1979). The delegate of the XXVI Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine was the driver of the filter paper factory of the pulp and paper plant B. M. Romanov. During the 50-70s. Significant changes also occurred in the agriculture of Tsyurupinsk. Its strengthening was facilitated by the consolidation of the Tsyurupa collective farms into one collective farm - named after. Tsyurupa. The party organization of the collective farm, skillfully combining political and organizational work, mobilized the efforts of field workers to intensify production and increase basic production indicators. In the fifth five-year plan, collective farmers of Tsyurupinsk received a high yield of garden crops: more than 400 centners of cucumbers, over 110 centners of tomatoes per hectare. The creation of a strong food supply had a positive impact on the development of livestock farming. By the end of the five-year plan, the collective farm produced 46.2 centners of meat for every 100 hectares of agricultural land, and milk yield per forage cow reached 2,244 kilograms. In 1958, the collective farm named after. Tsyurupy became a member of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition. The next step towards strengthening the economy was the creation in 1959 of the collective farm named after. Tsyurupa state farm "Tsyurupinsky", which had 5990 hectares of land, including 600 hectares of vineyards, 40 hectares of gardens (the state farm has a winery). The main direction in the development of the state farm’s economy was viticulture and vegetable growing. Despite the small size of the arable areas (the predominantly sandy soils do not allow for high yields), the farm grows grains and develops meat and dairy farming.

The successes of vegetable growers are noticeable. So, for example, during the Sixth Five-Year Plan, members of M.I. Pererva’s brigade harvested a total of 279 cents of vegetables from each hectare of the area assigned to them. Following them, vegetable growers led by foreman R.I. Zelinskaya showed examples of selfless labor: they collected 597 centners of vegetables per hectare, including 657 centners of tomatoes. T.P. Chabanova’s team also handed over 442 cents of vegetables (the tomato harvest amounted to 525 cents).

During the Eighth Five-Year Plan, as a result of overfulfillment of planned targets not only for vegetable growing, but also for a number of other leading industries, product output in monetary terms amounted to 2965.7 thousand rubles. The average annual vegetable harvest in the tenth five-year plan reached 213.2 centners. Grape harvests are increasing from year to year: in the tenth five-year plan they amounted to 33.1 cents per hectare (versus 21 cents in the ninth). The achievements of winegrowers in the first two years of the eleventh five-year plan are 63 centners of grapes per 1 hectare, including in 1982 - 74.1 centners.

The success of the state farm's livestock breeders in 1981 is evidenced by the fact that per 100 hectares of land they produced milk - 184.3 centners, wool shearing amounted to 15 centners. One forage cow produced 3344 kg of milk. The state farm has become one of the leading farms in the Tsyurupinsky district. The state generously supplies him with equipment. There are 93 tractors working on its fields and 27 trucks. All brigades, livestock farms, mechanized currents, cultural buildings and houses of agricultural workers are connected to the state power grid.

The communists are at the forefront of the struggle for the further steady rise of the state farm economy. Far beyond the borders of the region, leaders in agricultural production are known, among whom are the distinguished shepherd of the Kherson region, holder of the Order of Lenin and the Order of the October Revolution, delegate of the XXIV Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine P. P. Zelinsky; leader-vegetable grower, delegate of the XXII Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine, holder of the Order of Lenin A. I. Pulinetc (now retired); the head of the first communist labor unit on the state farm, vegetable grower N.A. Gurenok, was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. The nature of the work of the agricultural worker has changed significantly, and his pay has increased. The average monthly income of a machine operator is 146 rubles, a milkmaid - 143, a vegetable grower - 115 rubles.

Tsyurupinsk became unrecognizable in the post-war years. There is a lot of housing construction going on in the city. In the tenth five-year plan alone, 74.3 thousand square meters were built and put into operation. meters of living space, of which 41.8 thousand square meters are due to government investments. meters and at the expense of personal savings of the population and loans from the State Bank - 27.2 thousand square meters. meters. Blocks of multi-storey residential buildings grew up near the pulp mill, new streets were formed, and buildings for two schools and kindergartens were built. With the completion of the Kherson-Crimea gas pipeline section, natural gas came to residents' homes at the end of 1980. A shopping center was built, 73 trading enterprises operate (sales area is 4043 square meters) with a turnover of 16,242 thousand rubles. in year.

The city has a good health care system. There is a hospital with 150 beds, a clinic with numerous treatment rooms, the capacity of which is 500 visits per day, and a maternity hospital, for which a three-story building is allocated. There is an anti-tuberculosis dispensary, and on the outskirts of the city, near the forest, there are buildings of the anti-tuberculosis sanatorium named after. M. V. Frunze. The construction of a dental clinic is also being planned.

70 doctors and 119 paramedical personnel take care of the health of Tsyurupinsk workers. The pulp and paper plant has a first-aid post, a physiotherapy room, and a mud bath.

The plant has two boarding houses (one on the Black Sea coast in the town of Lazurnoe, Skadovsky district, the other on the Dnieper in the village of Krynki, Tsyurupinsky district), a wonderful pioneer camp “Solnechny”, in which about 1.5 thousand children annually recover their health. There are 10 kindergartens and nurseries in the city. In 3 secondary schools, 2873 students of Tsyurupinsk study, 197 teachers carry out the educational process. Among them there are real masters of their craft, whose work is highly appreciated by the Soviet Motherland. Teacher V.I. Bedzio was awarded the Order of Lenin; teacher N.N. Kurinnaya was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. The beautiful three-story building of one of the schools - secondary school No. 1 - is located in the city center. More than a century and a half ago, there stood a blind hut here; it housed a school - the third educational institution in all of Tavria, where one teacher and 20 students made up the entire school contingent. Now in a school that is one of the exemplary ones in the city? 64 qualified teachers teach 992 students. Here, the Ukrainian playwright N. G. Kulish, the writer K. G. Kudievsky, and People's Artist of the USSR E. S. Matveev received their start in life. At this school, the commander of the famous Taman Army, I. I. Matveev, mastered literacy and A. D. Tsyurup learned the basics of science. The school museum contains a photocopy of the title page of the first Soviet Constitution with the autograph of A.D. Tsyurupa “To my children - instead of a will.” The city has a boarding school and a secondary school for working youth. Young Tsyurupa residents attend numerous clubs at the district home of pioneers during non-school hours.

At the service of workers is a cultural center with a hall for 500 seats, 2 wide-screen and 2 summer cinemas, the memorial museum of A.D. Tsyurupa, the museum of military glory of the 87th Guards Perekop Red Banner, Order of Suvorov 2nd degree rifle division. 13 libraries with a book collection of 236 thousand copies. There is an art school and a music school. The Tsyurupa land is rich in talents. This was convincingly demonstrated by the amateur art festival dedicated to the 325th anniversary of the reunification of Ukraine with Russia. Song lovers listened with pleasure to the performances of the folk choir of the district cultural center, choir groups of the district hospital, and the sanatorium named after. Frunze. The amateur artistic performances of the pulp mill are popular, especially the vocal and instrumental ensemble “Wings of Fortune”. Nine primary organizations of the Knowledge Society, uniting 258 lecturers, actively promote scientific and political knowledge among the population. True to their international duty, the Tsyurupa people are strengthening friendly ties with the workers of the fraternal Soviet republics and socialist countries - Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and the People's Republic of Bulgaria. The primary organization of the Soviet-Bulgarian Friendship Society operates in the city. 28 primary organizations of the Ukrainian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments are actively working; 6,740 people are members of the society. People in Tsyurupinsk love sports and care about its development. In two sports schools - athletics and aquatics - about 300 schoolchildren are strengthening their health. More than 20 masters and about 100 candidates for master of sports of the USSR graduated from the walls of the sports school. School pupil T. M. Kaur is an international master of sports of the USSR, a member of the USSR kayak rowing team; track and field athlete S.I. Andryushchenko - in the national team of the Soviet Union. There is a station for young technicians in the city.

On November 4, 1973, a monument to the soldiers who fell during the liberation of the city was inaugurated. Veterans of the Great Patriotic War took part in the opening, among them the former division commander, Major General K. Ya. Tymchik (1903-1974) and retired Lieutenant General V. M. Domnikov, honorary citizens of the city of Tsyurupinsk.

In 1960, a monument to L. D. Tsyurupa was erected on the square near the river station.

Natives of Tsyurupinsk are N.D. and V.D. Tsyurupa - brothers of A.D. Tsyurupa. Both of them were among the organizers of the transportation of illegal literature through Alexandria in the 900s. In Soviet times, N.D. Tsyurupa became an honored scientist, professor at the Moscow Institute of Chemical Engineering. Mendeleev. V. D. Tsyurupa from 1936 to 1940 was elected as a deputy of the Tsyurupinsky village Council of Workers' Deputies. Labor successes were achieved by the Tsyurupa people under the leadership of 42 primary party organizations, uniting 1,396 members of the CPSU. Communists work in the most decisive areas of industrial and agricultural production. The first secretary of the Tsyurupinsky district party committee, V. A. Belovetsky, was awarded the Order of the October Revolution, and was a delegate to the XXVI Congress of the CPSU and the XXV Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine.

The focus of the Tsyurupinsky City Council is on the development of the entire multifaceted life of the city. The Council consists of 75 deputies, including 44 workers, 20 agricultural workers, 11 representatives of the intelligentsia, 35 members of the CPSU, 15 Komsomol members. 36 women were elected to the Council. There are 6 active standing commissions under the Council, each of which has several deputies. For example, the cultural, educational and health commission consists of 9 people. At the meetings of the commission, issues of labor protection for women in a garment factory, the work of a clinic for serving disabled people of the Great Patriotic War, the organization of hot meals in school canteens, the sanitary condition of the city's trading enterprises, dormitories, kindergartens and many others are considered. Joint meetings of the Council commissions have also become part of the work practice. Members of the commissions actively participate in the preparation of issues submitted for consideration at the Council session, in drawing up the city budget and monitoring its implementation.

During the period from 1970 to 1980, the budget of the Tsyurupinsky City Council increased 2.8 times and amounted to 365,890 rubles in 1980. Of this amount, 164 thousand rubles were spent on improvement, on the development of public education - 174.8 thousand rubles, culture - 8.7 thousand rubles, healthcare - 9.2 thousand rubles. In 1982, the budget of the Tsyurupa City Council amounted to 428.1 thousand rubles. Of this amount, 177.7 thousand rubles were allocated for the maintenance of institutions, and 600 rubles for city libraries. In addition, 1,473.4 thousand rubles were allocated from the district budget for public education, healthcare - 1,214.4 thousand rubles, and culture - 187.8 thousand rubles.

An important role in the economic and cultural life of Tsyurupinsk is played by 83 primary trade union organizations, uniting 9,100 trade union members. Faithful assistants to the city party organization and the city Council of People's Deputies are 39 primary Komsomol organizations of the city, numbering 2,367 members of the Komsomol. Komsomol members are the initiators of many interesting deeds and valuable undertakings in the city.

The working people of Tsyurupinsk love their sunny city, are proud of its heroic past and glorious present. Guided by the decisions of the November (1982) and June (1983) Plenums of the CPSU Central Committee, Tsyurupa residents are making a worthy contribution to the construction of communism.

I. I. Alkhimov, L. A. Voloshin, E. P. Polishchuk.