Carpathian Mountain on the map of the hemispheres. Where are the Carpathians? Serbian Carpathians – beautiful places

Another vacation was approaching. My friends and I decided to go on vacation. Between by sea and hiking in the mountains we chose the second option. Our choice fell on Carpathians, because the friends who were already there described everything so beautifully for us that there were simply no other options. The mountains were calling to us, and we carefully planned our trip.

Where are the Carpathians located?

From geography lessons I remember that The Carpathians are located in Central and Eastern Europe, and are divided into internal and external, which in turn are divided into western and eastern. Also The Carpathians are located on the territory of seven states. Probably, every country has its own zest, but I were interested in the Eastern Carpathians. For our small company the easiest thing was visit the Carpathians in Ukraine, because it is inexpensive and there are no problems with transport. Getting to the beginning of the route was not at all difficult, but this is a slightly different story, like our adventures along the route.

Routes of the Eastern Carpathians

Everyone knows that The Eastern Carpathians are located on the territory of Ukraine and Romania, as well as partly in Poland. In order to get to the mountains, you need to go to Ivano-Frankivsk or Transcarpathian region.

We decided go to the Transcarpathian region to walk the route along the Marmarosh ridge, which starts in Rakhiv district. Here we found ourselves in the border zone, and therefore we had to take permission in order to go along the planned route. We went to the mountains from the village of Delovoe (this is where the sign that symbolizes the center of Europe is located).

Our goal was to climb Mount Pop Ivan Marmaroshsky (height 1932 meters). On the mountain we discovered pillars that separate the borders of the two states. Interestingly, to the highest point Marmaros, which is located in Romania - Mount Farkeu, whose height is 1961 meters, You can go through without permission from the Romanian border guards, but they definitely won’t let you in any further.

If you open any geography reference book, you will see that The Western Carpathians are located on the territory of Serbia, Hungary, where mountains occupy a very small part of the country, and also in Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland.

When we were traveling on the train from Ivano-Frankivsk, there was a guy in our compartment who works as a conductor in the Carpathians. He said that There are many interesting and unique places in the Western Carpathians. For example, it is best to go to Poland for a ski holiday. There is an excellent resort there. He also advised go to Hungary, there mountains occupy a very small part of the country, but it is in this country The highest point of the Carpathians is located, Mount Gerlachovsky Shtit,height which reaches 2655 meters.

For myself, I have identified several obvious advantages of going to the mountains:

• beautiful nature, beautiful landscapes;
• fresh air;
• an opportunity to take a break from the everyday hustle and bustle.

In fact the Carpathians are very cool, it’s not for nothing that they say that The only things better than mountains are mountains.

Without a doubt, the most famous and popular mountains in Europe are the Alps. But in this part of the world there is another mountain system that is inferior to the Alps in height, but superior to them in size. And it also attracts great attention from tourists and winter holiday enthusiasts. Where are the Carpathians? In which countries are they located? When were these mountains formed, and why are they interesting?

"Stone Mountains"

The word “Carpathians” evokes approximately the same images and scenes in everyone: a dark forest, thick fog creeping along the slopes, molfar sorcerers and, of course, the castle of the famous Count Dracula. These mountains are truly shrouded in a certain aura of mysticism and mystery. But not everyone knows exactly where the Carpathians are and when they were formed.

The name of this mountain system was first used by Claudius Ptolemy in the second century AD. It is also found in the works of Herodotus. In particular, the “father of history” mentions the Karpis River. It is believed that this tributary of the Danube took its name from the mountains from whose slopes it flows.

The word “Carpathians” itself, according to some researchers, comes from the name of the Thracian tribe “Carps”, who lived in this territory in the 3rd-4th centuries. Other scholars associate it with the Proto-European word kar, which translates as “stone.” True, it’s a stretch to call the Carpathians “stone mountains.” After all, most of the mountain system is represented by gentle valleys and peaks with smooth outlines, where rocky ledges and pointed peaks are extremely rare.

However, there is a third version, which connects the origin of the toponym with the Slavic word “khrb”, which means “ridge”. Considering where the Carpathians are located, this version looks quite plausible. After all, it was the Slavic tribes and peoples who developed and populated this area for many centuries.

Where are the Carpathians: countries and major cities

The total area of ​​the mountain system is 190 thousand square kilometers, its length is 1,500 kilometers. Where are the Carpathian Mountains? They are located in the eastern part of Central Europe. On the map they form an arc, which in geological terms is a branch of the Alpine-Himalayan folded region.

In which states are the Carpathians located? Where are their natural boundaries? The mountain system covers the territories of eight European countries. This:

1. Czech Republic.
2. Poland.
3. Slovakia.
4. Ukraine.
5. Hungary.
6. Romania.
7. Serbia.
8. Austria.

About 70% of the total area of ​​the Carpathian mountainous country falls on two states - Romania and Ukraine. But only its extreme western spurs enter Austria. The largest cities located within the Carpathian Mountains:

1. Bielsko-Biala (Poland).
2. Zakopane (Poland).
3. Banska Bystrica (Slovakia).
4. Kosice (Slovakia).
5. Zilina (Slovakia).
6. Cluj-Napoca (Romania).
7. Brasov (Romania).
8. Oradea (Romania).
9. Sibiu (Romania).
10. Uzhgorod (Ukraine).
11. Kolomyia (Ukraine).
12. Vršac (Serbia).

This is where the Carpathians are located. It remains to find out what parts this mountain system consists of.

Structure of the Carpathians

The Carpathian Mountains consist of eight orographic parts (see map below):

1. Outer Western Carpathians.
2. Inner Western Carpathians.
3. Outer Eastern Carpathians.
4. Inner Eastern Carpathians.
5. Southern Carpathians.
6. Western Romanian Carpathians.
7. Transylvanian plateau.
8. Serbian Carpathians.

In addition, within the mountain system there are a number of separate massifs: Beskydy, Ore Mountains, Tatras (the highest part of the Carpathians), Gorgany, Rodna, Pieniny, Fagarash and others. The average heights of the Carpathian Mountains range from 800-1200 meters. The highest point is Mount Gerlachovsky Stit.

Carpathian Mountains: main features and interesting facts

Here are some of them:

1. Despite their low heights and gentle shapes, the Carpathians are young mountains. They arose at approximately the same time (by geological standards, of course) as the Alps and Himalayas.
2. Mountain building processes in the Carpathians continue to this day. This is evidenced by earthquakes that are regularly recorded here. The strength of individual shocks reaches 5-7 points on the Richter scale.
3. The Carpathians were once characterized by active volcanic activity. Cones of extinct volcanoes can be seen in the vicinity of Uzhgorod, Mukachevo and Khust.
4. The Carpathian subsoil is rich in numerous minerals. The main mineral wealth of the mountain system is oil, gas, ozokerite, marble and gold.
5. The width of the Carpathian Mountains in some places reaches 450 kilometers.
6. The Alps are separated from the Carpathians by only 14 kilometers. The border between the two largest mountain systems in Europe lies precisely between Vienna and Bratislava.
7. At the beginning of the twentieth century, numerous remains of prehistoric animals were discovered in the mountainous country - mammoths, huge deer and various birds.
8. The Carpathians are considered the birthplace of the world's largest musical instrument - the trembita. The length of this wooden tube is 4 meters. It is capable of spreading sound over 10-20 kilometers.

Origin and age of the Carpathian Mountains

Long before the formation of the modern mountain system, in its place there was a chain of ridges that connected the Sudetes with Dobruja (a hill in Romania). Geologists call it Prakarpaty. Subsequently, these mountains were destroyed by powerful movements of the earth's crust, and in their place by the beginning of the Mesozoic, an almost flat plain formed.

The age of the Carpathian geosyncline is quite “young” - only 25 million years. The process of formation of the mountainous country began at the end of the Paleogene period and occurred gradually. The structures of the Outer Carpathians were the first to emerge. For quite a long time, the sea splashed between the outer and inner ridges of the Carpathian Mountains. During its existence, thick layers of sand deposits have accumulated here.

Climate and flora of the Carpathians

The climate of the territory is moderate continental and quite humid. Average temperatures in July are +17…20 °C, in January from –2 to –5 °C. Precipitation ranges from 600 to 2000 mm per year.

In the Carpathians, the altitudinal zonation of the landscapes is clearly visible. Broad-leaved and mixed forests grow up to a height of 600 meters, from 600 to 1500 meters there are dark coniferous forests, and even higher there are low-growing shrubs. The peaks of many Carpathian mountains are covered with subalpine meadows. In the Ukrainian Carpathians they came up with their own name - “poloniny”.

In the Carpathian forests you can most often find Norway spruce, fir and beech. Also common are oak, hornbeam, pine, alder, birch and larch. The lower tier is occupied by thickets of raspberries, blackberries, lingonberries and blueberries.

The main resorts of the Carpathians

Where are the most popular ski resorts in the Carpathians located and what are their names? And what are they? The most famous Carpathian resorts usually include Bukovel, Dragobrat, Slavske (Ukraine); Zakopane, Szczyrk, Karpacz, Krynica (Poland), Poianu Brasov, Sinaia, Predeal (Romania), Jasnu (Slovakia).

Zakopane is perhaps the best ski resort in the Carpathians. Where are its tracks? The resort is located in the southern part of Poland, in a small town with the same name. The total length of its routes is 60 kilometers. They are designed for all categories of skiers - from beginners to professionals. The skiing season lasts from late October to mid-April.

Bukovel is the main Ukrainian ski resort, which is located in the Ivano-Frankivsk region. It features quality trails and excellent infrastructure. Ideal snow cover persists here from the beginning of December until the end of April.

Famous peaks

Gerlachovsky Shtit (2654 m) is the highest mountain in the Carpathians. It is located on the territory of Slovakia, near the city of Gerlachov. Today the mountain is very popular among tourists. However, climbing to its peak requires serious preparation and is only allowed with an experienced guide.

Hoverla (2061 m) is the highest point of the Ukrainian Carpathians, located within the Montenegrin ridge. Climbing this mountain is relatively easy, so in the summer dozens of tourists conquer its peak every day. Hoverla is famous for the fact that the largest river in Eastern Europe, the Prut, originates from its slopes.

Moldoveanu (2544 m) is the highest peak in Romania. Located in the heart of the country, within the Fagaras mountain range. Climbing Moldoviana is a little more difficult than Hoverla, but its conquest does not cause any particular difficulties for experienced tourists.

Surely many have heard about the Ukrainian Carpathians. This is a truly wonderful and charming place, perfect for a family or romantic getaway. The mountain system is located closer to the west of Ukraine and stretches for 280 km. Sometimes tourists can encounter mountains up to 2000 m high, but the highest point is Goverla - 2061 m.

It is quite natural that many people want to visit this ecologically clean area and are trying to find out in more detail where the Carpathians are. It is worth noting that the relief here is multi-tiered. Thus, there are high-mountain areas (height up to 1500 m), mid-mountain areas (up to 1300 m), low-mountain areas (up to 400 m) and foothills.

Location of the Carpathians

To more accurately understand where the Carpathians are, you need to know that they are located on the border with countries such as Hungary, Slovakia, Poland and Romania. Nevertheless, officially the mountains are located on the territory of Ukraine, namely its four regions: Transcarpathian, Lviv, Chernivtsi and Ivano-Frankivsk. Thus, from these regions you can easily and quickly reach recreation centers and take great excursions, as well as enjoy stunning scenery and fresh air. Quite often, the region under consideration is divided into two parts: Transcarpathia and Prykarpattya. In addition to which most attracts tourists, Pop-Ivan, Petros and Khomyak are just as cool and beautiful. Their height exceeds 2000 m, which is why they are considered no less powerful and interesting. It is known that people live in the mountains, but civilization does not spoil the overall picture. At the same time, there is a completely different atmosphere around: nature is practically untouched, the air is clean, sometimes heavy, and the tops of the trees touch the human gaze. The rivers running throughout the Carpathians are home to a wide variety of fish species, which is why fishing is one of the most favorite pastimes of both local residents and tourists.

Where the Carpathians are located is very easy to determine on the map, since it is an impressive territory, highlighted in dark brown. There is only one such site in Ukraine - in the western part of the country.

Hiking trails

Tourism in the Carpathians is most developed in the cold season. Already in mid-autumn, vacationers can visit the mountains and enjoy the first snow by climbing one of the peaks.

Most tourists have no idea where the Carpathians are, but they want to go there with all their hearts. And all because there are legends about the majestic mountains, the atmosphere around fills you with strength and joy, and the stunning nature surprises. Are you planning to visit this region in the warm season? Great! A lot of entertainment awaits you: horseback riding, massage and sauna at altitude, fishing and swimming in local rivers, communicating with animals in farm yards, practicing folk crafts and much, much more. In winter, every vacationer will be able to visit the ski resort and try out the best slopes in Ukraine; taste the famous Hutsul cuisine and warming mulled wine; visit gorges covered with ice and find other entertainment. When planning a vacation, it never hurts to consider a mountain vacation. Just don’t forget to check where the Carpathians are.

Such settlements as Guta, Yaremche, Yablunytsia, Synevyr, Mizhgorye and Svalyava have become very famous in the Carpathians. Many tourists dream of visiting there. In some villages you can even try locally produced water, which is popular throughout Ukraine and is considered medicinal. It is not surprising that in the Carpathians there are a huge number of sanatoriums and dispensaries, as well as recreation centers - the air and water here truly work wonders!

It is also recommended to visit famous cities: Ivano-Frankivsk, Mukachevo and Slavske. In the first of them, vacationers will be able to get acquainted with the history of this people, look at amazing sights, visit the Town Hall and much more. The Carpathians of the country Ukraine are the main attraction that people are so proud of. Arriving in Mukachevo, you should visit ancient fortresses, taste unique wine and buy souvenirs. In the village of Slavskoye you can enjoy a relaxing holiday or skiing. There is never a dull moment there, so the trip for tourists will be unforgettable.

Stunning heritage of the mountain range

When wondering where tourists are, they first of all mentally calculate the distance from their hometown to Ukrainian attractions. But they will never see those fascinating places on any map. For example, the pride of the Carpathians is the Pearl Cave, on the walls of which calcite balls are formed, somewhat reminiscent of jewelry. No less interesting will be a hike to the Enchanted Valley - a picturesque gorge with powerful rocks. It is also recommended to visit the Hanging Swamp, Stone Gate, Synevyr Nature Reserve, Lovers' Rocks and the Cave of Transparent Walls. In spring, a wonderful place for a walk will be the Daffodil Valley, which is completely covered with snow-white flowers, the diameter of which can reach 10 cm.

Treatment in the Carpathians

The Carpathians occupy an impressive place on the map, the same as in the hearts of many Ukrainians. That is why tourists come here from different countries and for different purposes. It's no secret that the Carpathian climate, fresh air, and healing mineral springs help restore strength and strengthen the body. Comfortable hotels, recreation centers and other health resort establishments await their guests all year round. They are located in picturesque places, usually near rivers and dense forests.

Pleasure for everyone

The peculiarity of the Carpathians is that almost anyone can visit them. Affordable prices and indescribably beautiful landscapes will help make your vacation or recovery unforgettable and interesting. Also, at certain periods of time, tourists will receive a pleasant surprise - discounts on trips and various bonuses. In addition, the cost of the trip varies depending on the region chosen for vacation, the number of days of stay and the intended cultural program.

The Carpathians are a mountain system in eastern Central Europe, in Ukraine, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Serbia and Austria. It extends from the outskirts of Bratislava to the Iron Gate for 1500 km, forming a convex arc, closing the Middle Danube Plain.

The Carpathians are one of the main watersheds in Europe between the Baltic and Black Seas. They are divided into two subprovinces - the Outer Carpathians (Western and Eastern) and the Inner Carpathians (Western and Eastern). Orographically, the Western Carpathians, the Eastern Carpathians (part of which are the so-called Ukrainian Carpathians), the Southern Carpathians, the Western Romanian Mountains and the Transylvanian Plateau are distinguished.

The predominant heights of the Carpathians are 800-1200 m, the highest height is 2655 m (Mount Gerlakhovsky Shtit in the Tatras), in Ukraine - Mount Hoverla (2061 m). The greatest width is 430 km. The area of ​​this mountain system is 24,000 km². The Carpathians contain up to 20% of all forests in Ukraine. The Carpathian Mountains are relatively young, formed during the Alpine era of mountain building and are more than 25,000,000 years old.

The name “Carpathians” has the same root as the Armenian Քար (Qar) - stone, Պատ (Pat) - wall. The ancient Polish word "karpa" means significant unevenness, pitfalls, significant trunks or roots. From the possible Dacian meaning - "mountains", the name of the tribe - "carps" - "those who live in the mountains" - inhabited the Carpathians during the Roman Empire. The Celtic-Illyrian word "Karn" meant "stone" or "pile of stones". The striking similarity of the name of the mountains can be traced with the name of the island of Karpathos between Cyprus and Rhodes.

Another name - the Sarmatian Mountains - appears in the works of ancient and medieval geographers. In Ptolemy, from the name of the Celtic tribe of Bastarnae, who lived here, the Carpathian mountains were called - lat. Alpes Bastarnidae.

Formation of the Carpathian Mountains

Even before the formation of the Carpathian geosyncline, on the site of the modern mountain structure of the Carpathians and their foothills in the Paleozoic era, there was a strand of mountains connecting the Świętokrzytski and Sudeten Mountains with Dobrudzha. This ancient strand is called Prakarpatamy. Due to the movement of the earth's crust, the Prakarpaty Mountains were destroyed, and at the beginning of the Mesozoic era, an almost flat territory, close to the platform, arose in their place.

The significant accumulation of sedimentary strata within the Carpathian geosyncline is closely related to the activity of the Tethys sea basins, which for a long time separated two ancient continents - Gondwana in the south, and Laurasia in the north.

Only at the end of the Mesozoic era did the ocean recede, and mountains, plains and sea depressions began to appear in its place. It is believed that the Mediterranean Sea basin and the deep waters of the Black and Caspian Seas are its remnants. The remaining territories during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras were covered by the formation of a mountain chain, which includes the Apennines, Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians, Balkans, Crimea, Caucasus, Pamirs, etc. This grandiose mountain range, elongated in the latitudinal direction, makes up the Alpine folded belt . Within its borders, the Carpathians occupy one of the central positions.

The process of formation of the Carpathian mountain structure took place gradually. The intense deflection of the earth's crust within the Carpathian geosyncline was accompanied by the active accumulation of sedimentary strata within its boundaries. Their formation took place due to the destruction of mountain structures in the southwestern part of the Russian Platform, the Kielce-Sandomierz Ridge, the Sudetenland, Prakarpat, Dobrudzha, and the Marmarosh massif.

During the Cenozoic era, the modern territory of the Carpathians was under the reservoirs of the Paleogene sea. Based on the distribution and structure of sedimentary rocks, it is possible to determine the geographical features of the basin, its contours and the morphology of the seabed. In limestone strata there are a large number of remains of marine organisms - corals, sea lilies, various shells and the like. They were deposited at the bottom of warm, open, and shallow pools. These were precisely the conditions that existed at the beginning of the formation of the Paleogene sea. In the sandstones, next to fossil marine fauna, there are plant remains that indicate the proximity of land and the coastal nature of sand deposits.

Beginning at the end of the Mesozoic era, the upward movements of the Alpine orogeny developed during the Cenozoic era. At the end of the Paleogene period, the axial parts of the future mountain systems of the Alps, Carpathians, and Caucasus began to form.

At that time, individual islands, and then entire islands, began to protrude from the sea. The largest of them were the modern Chivchin Mountains and the Rakhiv crystalline massif. To the north and northwest of this massif, among the expanses of water, the outlines of the Carpathian Mountains became increasingly clear. They were constantly subject to erosion, but mountain-building processes were active. Therefore, at the end of the Paleogene period, two mountain ranges were clearly formed in place of the geosyncline, which correspond to the current Outer Carpathians.

At that time there was sea on both sides of the Outer Carpathians. Here the mountain range passed within the framework of the modern Beskids, Gorgany and Bukovinian Carpathians. To the northeast of the Outer Carpathians, in the territory of the Carpathian region, the sea basin raged further. Thick sedimentary strata were deposited at its bottom as a result of the erosion of the southwestern wing of the Russian Platform and the elevated mountain range of the Outer Carpathians.

The Inner Carpathians were represented by the Pieniny and Maramory cliffs. To the southwest of them passed the Transcarpathian internal trough with the Virgolat-Gutyn volcanic ridge. Even further south, in the area of ​​the Beregovo lowlands, the Pripanonsky deep connector lies, separating the Carpathians from the Hungarian intermountain basin.

At the end of the Paleogene period, there was a sea basin between the inner and outer Carpathians. He was the last one within the Carpathian Mountains. During its existence, significant layers of sand deposits have accumulated here.

Other coatings appear differently. Magursky stretches out in a narrow strip in the upper reaches of the Uzha River basin, Sub-Silesk runs in another strip in the area between the Upper Dniester and Stryi rivers, in the vicinity of the village of Rozluch and south of the city of Turki. Here is the low-mountain central part of the Carpathian Mountains, dominated by dome-shaped peaks and gentle slopes suitable for agricultural use. This part of the mountains is called Verkhovyna.

To the south of the Silesian cover is located Duklyansky - the high-mountain Poloninsky part of the Carpathian Mountains. Peculiar covers can be traced in the southwestern part of the Ukrainian Carpathians. They are represented by the Rakhov, Porkulets and Chernogorsk nappes (thrusts). Here are the highest mountains in the Ukrainian Carpathians - Hoverla, Petros, Pop Ivan and others.

During the process of mountain building, the Pre-Carpathian marginal trough, and then the Transcarpathian internal trough, are filled with sedimentary strata. Mountain rivers destroyed weakly stable sediments and continuously transported pebbles, sand, and silt into the basin. The sea within the troughs gradually became shallower, and subsequently retreated completely. In closed basins, intense evaporation of moisture occurred, which led to the precipitation of salts. In the Carpathian region they were mined by two potash plants: Stebnitsky and Kola.

Volcanism

The long process of formation of the Carpathian Mountains was accompanied by new manifestations of volcanism, which continued until the beginning of the Quaternary period (about 1.5-2 million years ago). Traces of recent volcanic activity can still be observed in the area of ​​Vinogradov, Vyshkov, Tyachev, where the Tisza valley crosses the Virgolat-Gutinsky volcanic ridge. In the center of the city of Khust rises the cone of an extinct volcano. On its top, in the first half of the 14th century, a fortified castle was built to keep the salt miners in obedience and to protect the Maramora salt mines. This castle was often attacked by the Tatars. The last time the Crimean Khan Girey reached here was in 1717.

There are cones of extinct volcanoes in the vicinity of Uzhgorod, Mukachevo, Beregovo. Near Vishkov, volcanic craters are better preserved.

A chain of so-called buried volcanoes is exposed in the area of ​​the villages of Dobroni, Drisina and Shalanok. The volcanic rocks in this chain are mainly andesites. Their exits are known in the area of ​​the villages of Drisiny and Shalanok. Along the southern edge of the Transcarpathian internal trough there are thick layers of liparites. On the surface they are exposed over a large area in the Beregovo region. These volcanic eruptions began in the Paleogene and ended at the end of the Miocene (about 15,000,000 years ago). Therefore, a significant part of them is covered by sedimentary rocks of the Pliocene.

The recent volcanic activity of the Virgolat-Gutin volcanic ridge is evidenced by mineral springs, and in the Kaliman-Harghita mountains, including hot springs.

Active processes in the upper mantle of the Earth near the Carpathians are evidenced by earthquakes, the last of which took place on March 4, 1977 in the Vrancea Mountains on the territory of the then Socialist Republic of Romania.

Glaciations

During the Quaternary period, the Carpathians underwent partial glaciation. It covered the high mountain ranges of Chernogora and Svydovets, Pop Ivan Maramorshsky. Its relics can be traced in the form of cars, glacial cirques, and moraine deposits in the valleys of mountain streams.

Within the middle mountains, there was no glaciation, but frosty weathering of rocks occurred. Weathered stone placers can be observed on the slopes of Gorgana.

Geological structure and minerals

The Carpathians form the northeastern branch of the Alpine folded geosynclinal region of Europe. There are a number of large structural elements of northwest-southeast strike, separated by thrusts: the Pre-Carpathian foredeep, the Outer Carpathians, the Inner Carpathians, the Transcarpathian back trough.

In the Inner Carpathians on the territory of Ukraine, the Marmarosh crystalline massif and the Podhale zone are distinguished. According to the strike of the main structural elements of the Carpathians, zones with a specific set of minerals are distinguished.

In the Cis-Carpathian trough - native sulfur, gas (Dashavskoye, Kosovskoye and other deposits), oil (Boryslavskoye, or Babchenkivskoye deposits), ozokerite (Borislavskoye deposit), rock and potassium salts (Kalush-Golinskoye, Stebnitskoye and other deposits) . It is estimated that there are about 35 billion tons of salt deposits in the Carpathian region.

In the Transcarpathian trough - rock salt (Solotvyno deposit), gas, brown coal (Ilnitsky, Krivsky deposits), zeolites. Neogene volcanism is associated with mercury (Bolshoi Shayan, Borkut), vein gold-polymetallic and barite (Begansky deposit) ores, alunite, kaolins, perlite, bentonite clays (Gorbske deposit).

In the front part, the Outer Carpathians are known for oil deposits, in the Marmaro massif - deposits of dolomite, limestone, marble, and raw materials for stone casting. In the metamorphic complex, manifestations of stratiform pyrite-polymetallic, copper-pyrite, barite and ferromanganese ores are known.

Mineral waters are common in the Carpathians, carbonated waters are common on the southwestern slopes of the Carpathians and Transcarpathia (Svalyava, Polyana-Kvasova deposits). In the zone of junction of the Cis-Carpathian trough with the East European Platform there are deposits of nitrogen sulfate waters.

In the Inner Zone of the Cis-Carpathian Trough, brines of chloride (sulfate-chloride) composition (Morshin) and a special, rare type of slightly mineralized water with a high content of organic substances (Truskavets) are common.
In the Transcarpathian trough, thermal and subthermal waters of high mineralization are common and are used for medicinal and thermal energy purposes.

Gold reserves are represented by the Beregovskoye and Muzhievskoye gold-polymetallic deposits. The latter was put into industrial development in 1999, and in the same year, Zakarpatpolymetally LLC was created on the basis of the Muzhievsky State Gold and Polymetallic Combine.

Since ancient times, oil, which was previously called “brine,” was extracted within the Carpathian region. They used it only for lubricating carts with shingles. Subsequently, kerosene, which was used in kerosene lamps (for lighting), began to be removed from brine. Intensive oil production began in the middle of the 19th century, when methods for obtaining and using its light fractions were discovered. The first powerful wells appear at the fields near Borislav, Tustanovichi, Mraznitsa, Bykov.

The most ancient rocks found in the Carpathians originated 1.2 billion years ago.

It would be unfair to associate the Carpathians only with Bukovel, Dragobrat, Hoverla and tourists. We are talking about the tourist background of the region and 15 original mountain places near Chernivtsi, Ivano-Frankivsk and Lviv, where in addition to skiing you can try hiking, rafting and even ziplining, ride a mountain bike, learn how to make wurda and Hutsul “lizhniki”, see mountain lakes, Austrian architecture, viaducts and stave churches. And breathe in freedom, of course.

The Carpathians and Transcarpathia are a tourist region with a European background. Until the end of the Second World War, it developed in the context of the Austrian, Czech and Polish economy and culture, which undoubtedly benefited it. In 1895, the first tourist train departed from Lviv to Skole, and tourist shelters began to appear on the mountain slopes of the Carpathians - a kind of “hostels” where travelers could take a breather during mountain hikes, warm up and sleep for free. The first hotels opened in the main tourist cities - Uzhgorod, Mukachevo, Beregovo, Vinogradov, Rakhiv, Khust. By 1939 there were at least 20 of them. The entire tourist infrastructure of Transcarpathia at that time was built thanks to the activities of the Czechoslovak Tourists Club. The club developed and marked tourist routes, opened tourist houses, shelters, hotels, restaurants and even a boat station, and published tourist guides in several foreign languages. About the same thing happened on Polish territory - in Galicia.

Tourists came to the Carpathians to look at castles or their ruins, monasteries, Dacian and Roman settlements near Velikie and Maly Kopani, study folk crafts, ride a narrow-gauge railway and rest on some mountain slope in a tent. But suddenly the Czechoslovak Republic collapsed, World War II happened, the territory of Transcarpathia was captured by the Hungarians, and later by the Soviets. During this period, much of the tourism infrastructure was destroyed. Soviet power turned the Carpathians into a sanatorium and resort paradise.

Over the past 25 years, the tourism sector of Transcarpathia has been developing spontaneously and chaotically, mainly thanks to the activity of caring people, the innate entrepreneurship of locals and the capital of some oligarchs, of course.

Today's Carpathians are a cocktail of European charm, original Hutsul culture and Radiana relics. Immediately buy a ticket to Chernivtsi, Ivano-Frankivsk or Lviv to drink it as quickly as possible.

Vizhnitsa - Hasidim, rocks and mushroom paradise

If the train brought you to Chernivtsi, and your soul craves the mountains, go to Vizhnitsa (75 km from Chernivtsi) - The Carpathians begin from here.

In the 18th century, the main feature of Vizhnitsa was the Hasidim - the founder of Hasidism, Rabbi Israel, lived there. During the Austrian period, Vizhnitsa was a famous ski center. And during the Romanian occupation, the name of this village was associated with the famous cabaret. Today in Vizhnitsa you will find both - colorful culture and good tourist infrastructure.

Things to do

View Austrian and Romanian architecture

Vizhnitsa resembles an open-air museum: a typical provincial European town of the early 20th century. Many Austrian and Romanian buildings have been preserved here in fairly good condition. Be sure to take a look at the railway station, the town hall, the main synagogue, the gymnasium building, the district hospital building and the college of applied arts - all these buildings have been here for more than 100 years. On Ukrainskaya Street, look at the building of a once popular cabaret (now a children's art house), and near the market, do not pass by the former Romanian border outpost.

Conquer rocks and huge boulders

If you feel like a confident rock climber, then don’t forget to take the necessary equipment on your trip, because in the vicinity of Vyzhnytsia there are several huge rocks and boulders (30-40 m): Sokilska Skele (village Tyudiv), rock massif “Protyate Kaminnya” (near the Nemchich pass), “Dovbush Pechera” (next to Nemchich). These rocks are also quite suitable hiking targets. They stand in a beech forest on a low mountain, from where you can see the Carpathians in all their glory. You can pitch a tent in the forest. The climb is not difficult - it is possible with children.

Rafting down the Cheremosh mountain river

The Cheremosh River was once the border between Romania and Poland, and now separates the Chernivtsi region from the Ivano-Frankivsk region. This is the most popular river in the Carpathians among lovers. By googling, you can easily find about 10 companies that organize not only rafting, but also a comprehensive adventure program with rafting and mountain climbing.

Pick mushrooms

Bukovyna is a region of beech forests in which giant boletus mushrooms grow. If you are planning an autumn trip to the Carpathians and want to join the sacred act of mushroom picking, go from Vyzhnytsia to Vyzhenka (6.5 km) - there are the most mushroom places and you can find a guide from local seasoned mushroom pickers.

To ski

Near Vizhnitsa there are two ski resorts at once - the modest Nemchich Pass and the reputable Migovo.

"Nemchich Pass" is a small tourist complex, which includes a hotel, restaurant, ski slopes, 2 rope tows and a rental point. You can go skiing here on an extremely low budget: € 0.15 for a one-time lift, from € 3 for a subscription, from € 2 per day for ski/snowboard rental.

"Migovo"- a reputable ski resort with a hostel, several hotels, restaurants, clubs, and a spa center. Some people call Migovo the main competitor of Bukovel, but the prices here are incomparably lower: from € 1 - one-time lift, from € 16 - a day pass, from € 3 per day - ski/snowboard rental.

Where to stay

The best way to choose accommodation in Vyzhnytsia, Vyzhenka and Migov is on the website hotels24.ua. Unlike Booking, you can find accommodation options there in estates, guest houses and mini-hotels. Prices in Vyzhenka and Vizhnitsa start from € 14 for a double room, in Migov - from € 30, and in Nemchich for € 30 you can rent a double room with two meals a day.

Where to eat

The largest and most popular restaurant in Vyzhnytsia - "Kupalska Nich"(O. Dovbusha vul., 1a) . Try here “trout in sour cream”, “deruni in glechika” and draft beer, and for dessert have dumplings with cherries. Just get ready for the fact that you will find yourself in a traditional Hutsul establishment, where service and speed of service are not the strongest points.

How to get there

From Minsk: by plane to Chernivtsi (UIA - from € 84). By train or bus via Kyiv, Lviv or Kovel (from € 25) to Chernivtsi. From Chernivtsi - by minibus to Vyzhnytsia. Next - hitch a ride/taxi.

From Brest: by bus Brest-Kovel (from € 4), from Kovel by train to Chernivtsi (from € 3.5). From Chernivtsi - by minibus to Vyzhnytsia. Next - hitch a ride/taxi.

From Kyiv: by train to Chernivtsi (from € 6), by plane to Chernivtsi (UIA - from € 38). From Chernivtsi - by minibus to Vyzhnytsia. Next - hitch a ride/taxi.

Verkhovyshchyna - two-thousand-meter mountains, waterfalls and a cultural reserve

High mountain city Verkhovyna (Ivano-Farankovsk region) and its satellite villages are considered the center of the ancient Hutsul region, this is true Western Ukraine, surrounded by two-thousand-meter mountains. In Verkhovyna itself, be sure to visit the private museum Roman Kumlik (I. Franka vul., 35) , where, in addition to authentic Hutsul household items, he collected a rich collection of musical instruments.

Things to do

Recharge your creativity and get acquainted with the Hutsul culture in Kryvorivna (Kryvorivnya)

Hutsul is a Ukrainian highlander, a free-lover who loves to dress himself and his home in order to appear before his neighbors in all its glory. Therefore, the jacket of a normal Hutsul is embroidered with gold and decorated with pom-poms, and his house is decorated with carpets, embroidered towels and intricate carvings. You can see all these cultural artifacts in the village Kryvorivnya(7 km from Verkhovyna), where there are 14 (!) museums. The “Hutsul hut-grazhda” and the historical and cultural museum in the school building are an obligatory part of the program of every decent tourist.

Krivorivnya is not only a terry Hutsul region, but also a once bohemian center, a fashionable resort, where the cultural elite gathered - writers and public figures - Ivan Franko, Lesya Ukrainka with her friend Olga Kobylyanska, Osip Makovey, Vasyl Stefanik and Mykhailo Kotsyubinsky. And Sergei Parajanov filmed “Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors” here. In general, Krivorivnya is full of creativity. To get into the atmosphere, go to the “Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors” museum and the Ivan Franko Literary and Memorial Museum.

The cultural program can be diversified by hiking. In the vicinity of Krivorivnya, hiking routes begin to the rocks of Pisany Kamen and to the peak of Igrets (1,311 m).

Look at the waterfalls and climb to the mountain observatory

If the main purpose of your trip to the Carpathians is hiking, head to Dzembronya - a high-mountain village where no more than 300 mountaineers live. From here it is most convenient to climb Mount Pop-Ivan and, in general, begin climbing the Montenegrin ridge.

You can climb Pop-Ivan in different ways, but to see the cascades of Smotritsky waterfalls along the way, head towards Mount Ushasty Kamen. From this point it’s just a stone’s throw to the top of Pop Ivan and the old observatory.

The stone observatory - the White Elephant - on Mount Pop Ivan was built by the University of Warsaw in the late 30s. last century for observing stars and weather. The building was abandoned for several decades. Recently, in a small part of it, volunteers set up a tourist shelter where rescuers live and tourists exhausted from mountain climbs stay.

Try vurda, try on Hutsul embroidered shirt and see the Carpathian two-thousanders in Iltsy

In the Carpathian dreams of seasoned tourists - the conquest of the Montenegrin ridge - six two-thousand-meter mountains. If you are a beginner and spend more time in the office than in the gym and on the treadmill, we advise you to start with the Kostrych ridge. Climb Mount Kostrych (1586 m), which is located directly opposite the Montenegrin ridge, and watch how powerful two-thousanders support the clouds with their snow caps. You won’t see such a picture from any other point in the Carpathians! And here’s another pleasant bonus: the slopes of Kostrych are strewn with blueberries in summer, and porcini mushrooms in autumn.

Take some cash with you on your hike and don’t pass by the kolybas - small wooden houses, there are several of them on the ridge. In the summer, Hutsul shepherds live in the kolybas, who graze cows, sheep and goats in the surrounding area and immediately prepare cheeses - feta cheese, budz and vurda. From late autumn until April, no one lives in the kolybas, and tourists use them for overnight stays.

You can climb Kostrych from the village of Iltsy or from the Krivopolsky pass, which can be reached from Verkhovyna. In Iltsy, don’t forget to look into museum-estate of the poetess Galinka Verkhovinka(village Iltsi, settlement Velikiy Grabovets) to learn everything about Hutsul embroidery and try on the image of a Hutsul. In winter you can go skiing in Iltsy. To do this, there are three slopes of medium difficulty (length - 700 m), two rope tows and an equipment rental point.

See how the Hutsul “lizhniki” are made and grill your own trout in Yavorov

In the village Yavorov(Yavoriv) in many houses they still create “lizhniks” - woven blankets made of sheep wool. The ability to weave here is inherited. Until recently, children studied lizhnikarism at school and even took a compulsory test in it. Today, wicker bedspreads are used less and less in everyday life, but local craftswomen have updated their product and began to sew raincoats, coats and jackets from it. Go to Yavorov (21 km from Verkhovyna, there is a bus) to become familiar with the ancient Hutsul art. At the Hutsulska Grazhda folk art center you can take part in a master class.

If you like to fish, here’s another reason for you to be in Yavorov - trout farming "Eco-trout", where you can catch a few fish and then place an order for them to be cooked. Be sure to try the trout in sour cream sauce and banosh. While your fish is cooking, go see the local waterfall, which is modestly called Yavorskaya Niagara.

Where to stay

A double junior suite in a private estate in Verkhovyna can be rented for €15-20, although finding a room for two is not so easy - most cottage owners rent them out entirely. Find a suitable option on the website hotels24.ua or booking.karpaty.ua. Pay attention to the private estate of the Djurak family, especially if you are planning mountain hikes. The owners of the estate promise to help with an instructor.

If you are traveling with a large group, take a closer look at the cottage "Trembita" 8 with a sauna, fireplace, gazebos and barbecue.

There is a cozy guest house in the village of Krivopilya "FIREPLACE" with a beautiful terrace, fireplace room and large windows in the rooms that look at the mountains. You can order food from the owners.

Where to eat

To a restaurant with panoramic windows "Panorama Verhovel" (Ivana-Franka st., 1, Verkhovyna village) go for a comprehensive aesthetic pleasure. Unlike many other Hutsul establishments, they worry about beautiful presentation of dishes. Panorama Verhovel serves excellent bograch, trout in sour cream sauce and banush with porcini mushrooms. Don't forget to try the liqueurs here.

If you go to Yavorov, go to a colorful restaurant for lunch "Babai" (Rivni settlement, on the Kosiv-Verkhovyna highway) . Try the signature dish “Babay in Glechika”, Hutsul cabbage rolls and banosh, and for dessert - tea with mountain herbs and pancakes with cottage cheese. The restaurant has a good selection of wines.

How to get there

From Minsk: by bus to Ivano-Frankovsk (from € 30), by plane to Ivano-Frankovsk (UIA - from € 70). From Ivano-Franovsk by minibus to Verkhovyna, Iltsov.

From Kyiv: by train to Ivano-Frankivsk (from € 4), by plane to Ivano-Frankivsk (from € 47.5). From Ivano-Franovsk by minibus to Verkhovyna, Iltsov.

Vorokhta - 100-year-old viaduct, zipline and mountain lake

Yaremcha, together with Bukovel and Dragobrat, is one of the three most famous ski resorts in the Carpathians. Life in these villages revolves around tourists. They built a good tourist infrastructure here, sacrificing their authenticity and sincerity for this. Therefore, we advise you to choose Yaremcha or Bukovel, only as a last resort - if your main interest is a good ski slope and comfort. And for lively culture, hiking, (cheap living) and rural romance, it is better to go to the neighboring high-mountainous Vorokhta or Mykulychyn, making forays from there into the surrounding area, including Bukovel or Yaremcha.

Things to do

Take a walk under the arches of the century-old viaduct in Vorokhta

The two longest viaducts in Ukraine (100 and 130 meters) appeared in Vorokhta in Austro-Hungarian times. Despite their advanced age, they still help trains climb the slopes of the mountain. And they still amaze with their greatness.

Climb to a mountain lake

The tourist base "Zaroslyak" in Vorokhta is the starting point for mountain hikes to the nearby mountains of Spitz and Kukul, and to the main mountain of the Chernogorsk range - Hoverla. If your body requires hiking, and your soul requires beautiful views, but multi-day hikes are not part of your plans, choose Mount Spitz (1863 m) with Lake Nesamovite (1750 m) and/or Kukul as your goal. One day is enough to conquer these peaks. The route to the lake is well marked, so you are unlikely to get lost. There are many legends associated with Lake Nesamovite, each of them hinting that you should not swim in the icy (even in summer) waters of the high-mountain reservoir. But this does not stop most frost-resistant tourists.

If you are an advanced skier and like to freeride, the western and northeastern slopes of Mount Kukul are the right place for this. The other slopes of this mountain are quite gentle, so climbing to the top will not take much effort from you. And if you suddenly go on a walk until it gets dark, you can spend the night in one of the Hutsul kolybas. Look for them in the mountain valley. If you find yourself in Vorokhta in the spring (April), be sure to climb Kukul to see the purple slopes strewn with crocuses.

Go down the 720-meter zipline in Vorokhta

The first one in Ukraine appeared in Vorokhta (B. Khmelnytsky St., at the beginning of the forest) . The descent is divided into two sections: 550 and 170 meters. The height difference is 18 meters.

Climb an abandoned ski jump in Vorokhta

A ninety-meter springboard for extreme training appeared here in the 30s of the last century, when Vorokhta was part of Poland. For the last 20 years it has been idle, despite periodic attempts to “restart” it. If you come here to take some interesting photos, check out the Hutsul market next to the ski jump, where everything that warms the soul of a Belarusian tourist is sold: traditional cheeses, honey, mushrooms, berries and woolen socks.

Try craft beer in Mykulychyn

In a small Hutsul brewery "Mykulychyn" (Mykulychyn village, Grushevkogo street, 68b) They have been brewing beer for 15 years: light, dark, honey, wheat and rye. In addition, here you can try real Carpathian honey, homemade cheeses and buy natural “beer” cosmetics. A visit to the brewery can be combined with a walk to the 15-meter Zhenetsky (Guk) waterfall, which does not dry out even in summer.

Where to stay

Vorokhta welcomes tourists to several dozen cottages, private estates and mini-hotels. Prices for double rooms start from € 10. It is better to look for options at booking.karpaty.ua or hotels24.ua. If you want to live higher from the highway and look out of your window at Hoverla, take a closer look at a private hotel "Huts on stumps" (Mikhaila Grushevsky St., 5) , run by the good-natured Orestes. There is a bathhouse with two swimming pools, a vat, a trout pond where you can go fishing, your own small restaurant and a rooster that won’t let you sleep through all the fun.

Where to eat

The main (by local standards and the most expensive) restaurant in Vorokhta is "Stara Vorokhta"(Danila Galitsky vul., 66) with typical Western Ukrainian cuisine. Try trout on herbs, porcini mushrooms and liqueurs here.

If you want to have dinner in a real Carpathian kolyba, go to Yaremcha in "Red Manor" (vul. V. Ivasyuka, 6) . Feel free to order potato pancakes in glacek, veal cheeks with pea puree and shish kebab, which will be cooked for you on the grill right in the center of the hall. Rumor has it that they serve the most delicious horseradish in the Carpathians.

How to get there

From Minsk: by bus to Ivano-Frankovsk (from € 30), by plane to Ivano-Frankovsk (UIA - from € 70). From Ivano-Franovsk by minibus to Vorokhta. Or by plane to Kyiv (UIA - from € 65), by train to Kyiv (from € 35). From Kyiv by train to Vorokhta (from € 4.5) or Yaremche (from € 8.5).

From Kyiv: by train to Vorokhta (from € 4.5) or Yaremche (from € 8.5).

Synevyr park to climb to the mountain lake of the same name. See brown bears that have received a new life in Rehabilitation Center(Sinevirskaya Polyana village) , is no less worthy reason to come this long way. Most of the residents of the Rehabilitation Center are former “workers” of circuses and entertainment venues. Almost all bears end up in this shelter with psychological trauma and a bunch of diseases. Owners give up some emaciated animals voluntarily, while others are won back by employees of the Rehabilitation Center through the courts. In their new home, the bears are treated, restored and learn to live in natural conditions (they even have dens here!).

Get around

Synevyrska Polyana is an excellent location for relaxation in the off-season (spring, autumn), if you want to breathe in some fresh air, take a break from people and get around a little. At the market in Mizhhirya you can buy everything you need for this - Transcarpathian wine, homemade milk and eggs, feta cheese and meat. And then settle in one of the cottages of Synevyr Glade, spend days walking by the mountain lake, conquering local peaks (several marked routes start from Synevyr), and in the evening barbecue on the grill, drink wine and listen to the stories of local Hutsuls.

Visit the village-museum of Kolachava

The village of Kolochava, which at different times belonged to Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Romania, is a mix of languages ​​and cultures. A textbook on express immersion in Carpathian culture. There are 10 museums here and 20 unusual monuments, including one to a teacher from Vkrajina and a shepherd. Here you will see the most picturesque scansen in Ukraine “Old Village” (from March 20 to April 20 it turns into a valley of blooming crocuses) and a train that once traveled on a narrow-gauge railway, you will walk along the corridors of a Czech and Soviet school.

When you're walking around "Old village" don't pass by the kryivka "Steer's Bunker"(headquarters of the Kolochava rebels) and Jewish "Wolf's Tavern", where you can look through the debt book with the names of villagers who drank in the establishment on credit.

Another feature of Kolochava is the shepherding school - together with an instructor you can walk to the slope of Mount Strimba, where sheep graze from May to November, see how vurda is cooked, try the miraculous “zhentitsa” and listen to trembita.

Conquer Gymba in Pylypets

The mountains in the area of ​​Volovets, Podobovets and Pylypets are called Borzhavskaya Polonina - they are not very high (up to 1500 m), but very picturesque. From above they look like a restless sea, playing with blue-green colors. To see them, climb Mount Gymba (1491 m), which even children can easily conquer. And all because a chairlift takes tourists from Pylypets to an altitude of 1100 m (it works even in summer). If after conquering Gymba you are still cheerful, cheerful and full of desire to see more - take a walk to the neighboring mountains Stand (1681 m), Great Top (1598 m), Mount Play ( 1330 m) and Temnatik (1343 m). After this you can go down to Volovets.

In winter, Pylypets turns into a ski resort - the second highest after Dragobrat - with the longest ski slope in Ukraine (20 km). The cost of one chairlift ride starts from € 2, a day pass - from € 17, ski/snowboard rental - from € 2.5. There is a professional ski school where, for € 5/hour, an instructor will teach you how to be handsome on the slopes.

Ride a bike through the mountains in Pylypets

In the village of Pylypets there is