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Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

whale. trad. 香港特別行政區, ex.
香港特别行政区, pinyin:
Xiānggǎng Tèbié Xíngzhèngqū
English

Hymn: "March of Volunteers"

Based

official languages

Chinese and English

Capital

Largest cities

Hong Kong

Form of government

special administrative region of the People's Republic of China

Head of Administration

Carrie Lam

Territory

182nd in the world

Total

↗ 1106.4 km²

% water surface

4,6

Population

Score (2019)

↗ 7,404,207 people (104th)

Density

6732.56 people/km²

GDP

Total (2006)

$254.2 billion (40th)

Per capita

$38,127

HDI (2018)

▲ 0.933 (very high; 7th place)

Currency

Hong Kong dollar (HKD, code 344)

Internet domain

.hk

ISO code

H.K.

IOC code

HKG

Telephone code

+852 (from - 01)

Time Zones

Car traffic

left

Victoria Harbor. Hong Kong.

The International Finance Center (Two IFC). Hong Kong.

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(hier. trad. 香港特別行政區, ex. 香港特别行政区, English. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, cant. Hyongkon takpit hanjinkkhoy, put. Hong Kong Tebe Xingzhengqu), abbreviated Hong Kong(hier. 香港, English Hong Kong, cant. Hoeng¹gong², Hyongkon, put. Hong Kong) or Hong Kong- a special administrative region, one of the leading financial centers in the world.

Hong Kong is located on the Kowloon Peninsula, washed from the west, south and east by the South China Sea, as well as on more than 260 islands, the largest of which are Hong Kong (the seat of the supreme authorities and financial center of the territory), Lantau and Lamma. To the north, Hong Kong borders a special economic zone within the Chinese Province. Hong Kong is usually divided into three parts: Hong Kong Island itself, and the New Territories. Hong Kong is part of the Pearl River Delta region, located on the left bank of its mouth.

In 1842, Hong Kong was captured and became its colony under the Treaty of Nanjing. However, the largest part of Hong Kong in area (not in population), the so-called. The New Territories were leased in 1898 for 99 years and during this period were part of the British colony. And although China emerged as an independent state only in 1911, and the agreement was concluded with the Manchu Empire, the Qing Empire recognized this lease agreement and never refused the obligation to transfer the New Territories to China by 1997. The UN Declaration on Decolonization of 1960 did not provide for the division of the colonies, so, in fact, Britain had no other option but to integrate Hong Kong into China. A referendum on the independence of Hong Kong was not held, which, however, is not a direct violation of the said declaration, since the declaration is aimed at granting independence not only to colonies, but also to colonial peoples, and in an ethnic sense, Hong Kong is part of a common national space with China.

In total, Hong Kong includes 262 islands in the South China Sea, the largest of which is Lantau Island. The second largest and first in population is Hong Kong Island.

The name "Hong Kong" (Yue Hier. 香港, transcr. Hyeonkon) literally means "fragrant harbour" and is derived from the name of a locality in modern-day Aberdeen on Hong Kong Island. Aromatic wood products and incense were once traded here. The narrow strip of water separating Hong Kong and the Kowloon Peninsula is called Victoria Harbor. It is one of the deepest natural seaports in the world.

Despite Hong Kong's reputation as a highly urbanized area, Hong Kong authorities pay great attention to ecology and landscaping. Much of Hong Kong remains undeveloped, dominated by hills and steep-sided mountains. Of Hong Kong's 1,106.4 km² area, less than 25% has been developed. The rest of the territory is covered with greenery, of which about 40% is declared as recreation areas and nature reserves. Most of the territory's urban development is located on the Kowloon Peninsula and the northern coast of Hong Kong Island, as well as in settlements scattered throughout the New Territories.

With its long, irregular, winding coastline, Hong Kong has many bays, rivers and beaches. Despite the abundance of greenery and water in Hong Kong, the city's environmental problems are becoming increasingly alarming, and the city ranks one of the last in terms of air quality. About 80% of Hong Kong's smog comes from other areas of the Pearl River Delta, that is, from mainland China.

Hong Kong is located 60 km east of, on the opposite bank of the Pearl River Delta. In the north it borders with the city of the province. The highest point of Hong Kong is Mount Taimoshan in the New Territories, its height is 958 m. There are also lowlands in Hong Kong, they are located in the northwestern part of the New Territories.

Climate

Hong Kong's climate is tropical monsoon. It is characterized by a cool dry season, which lasts from December to March, and a hot and muggy rainy season, which lasts from April to November.

During the dry season, cool air blows from the mainland, which brings dry, sunny weather. Serious cold snaps for the tropics can sometimes occur, with deep penetration of cold air from the north. Precipitation during this period is rare.

During the rainy season, moist air blows from the Pacific Ocean, bringing heavy rainfall. Temperatures in Hong Kong rarely exceed 33°C, but the humidity is near saturation levels, making the weather unbearable and extremely muggy. The amount of precipitation can reach almost 500 mm per month. In some years, tropical cyclones (typhoons) may pass through Hong Kong. In such a climate, tropical forest can grow.

Geologically, the land beneath Hong Kong has been stable for millions of years, but landslides can occur after heavy rainfall. Hong Kong's flora and fauna have undergone major changes due to climate change, sea level and human influence.

The Hong Kong Observatory is a government agency responsible for producing meteorological forecasts, weather warnings and geophysical surveys of Hong Kong.

The highest temperature recorded in Hong Kong is 38°C and the lowest is −4°C. At the same time, the highest and lowest temperatures recorded by the Hong Kong Observatory are respectively 36.1 °C on August 19, 1900 and August 18, 1990, and 0.0 °C on January 18, 1893. The average temperature of the coldest month, January, is 16.1 °C, and the average temperature of the hottest month, July, is 28.7 °C.

Hong Kong is located just south of the Tropic of Cancer, being close in latitude to cities such as,.

Hong Kong Climate
Index	Jan.	Feb.	March	Apr.	May	June	July	Aug.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Year
Absolute maximum, °C	26,9	28,3	30,1	33,4	35,5	35,6	35,7	36,1	35,2	34,3	31,8	28,7	36,1
Average maximum, °C	18,6	18,9	21,4	25,0	28,4	30,2	31,4	31,1	30,1	27,8	24,1	20,2	25,6
Average temperature, °C	16,3	16,8	19,1	22,6	25,9	27,9	28,8	28,6	27,7	25,5	21,8	17,9	23,3
Average minimum, °C	14,5	15,0	17,2	20,8	24,1	26,2	26,8	26,6	25,8	23,7	19,8	15,9	21,4
Absolute minimum, °C	0,0	2,4	4,8	9,9	15,4	19,2	21,7	21,6	18,4	13,5	6,5	4,3	0,0
Precipitation rate, mm	25	54	82	175	305	456	377	432	328	101	38	27	2399
Water temperature, °C	17,6	17,0	18,2	21,2	24,8	26,7	26,9	26,9	27,3	26,5	23,6	20,0	23,1
Source: Hong Kong Observatory

Relative humidity
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	But I	Dec	Year
Air humidity, %	74	80	82	83	83	82	81	81	78	73	71	69	78.0

Panorama of Hong Kong

Healthcare

Government and politics

According to the Basic Law, which serves as the constitution of the Hong Kong SAR, local authorities retain sovereignty over all issues and affairs of the territory with the exception of defense and foreign policy. While Hong Kong was a colony, its governor was appointed by the British monarch. After the return of this territory to the jurisdiction of China, it is headed by the Chief Minister of the Hong Kong Administration. He is elected by the Hong Kong Chief Minister's Election Committee, consisting of 800 people who represent Hong Kong's business elite. All other civil servants in both the executive and legislative branches of government are either appointed by the Chief Minister of Administration (directly or indirectly) or elected by voters. In theory, such an agreement should guarantee the almost complete independence of Hong Kong's political, cultural, legislative and economic infrastructure from mainland China. However, in practice, it is often accused of excessive interference in Hong Kong's internal affairs, exceeding the boundaries defined by the Basic Law.

Hong Kong Legislative Assembly

Government House in the Central district - residence of the head of the territory

For the new law to come into force, it must be supported by the Chief Minister and a majority of the 60 members of the Hong Kong Legislative Assembly. Half of the deputies of the Legislative Assembly are elected by universal suffrage (the so-called “geographical districts”, that is, by the population divided by territorial basis), and the other half from the “functional districts”, that is, by groups of individuals and organizations divided by professional (functional) basis ( that is, lawyers and law firms elect their own deputy, financial groups and financiers - theirs, etc.). These groups represent the most significant areas of life and economy in Hong Kong. According to the Basic Law, in the future all deputies of the Legislative Assembly will have to be elected through universal suffrage.

Local administration elections

Since June 16, 2005, the post of Chief Minister of the Hong Kong Administration has been held by Donald Tsang. He was elected by a committee of electors appointed from among Hong Kong's business elite. Before the handover of Hong Kong to China in 1997, Donald Tsang served as the Chief Secretary of the Hong Kong Administration in the colonial government. On June 24, 2005, he officially assumed his current position. On it, he replaced Dong Jianhua, who left the post ahead of schedule for health reasons (according to other sources, as a result of public pressure), so first Donald Tsang had to “finish” for Dong his term ending on June 30, 2007, according to the interpretation of the Appendix I and Article No. 46 of the Basic Law of Hong Kong.

The election of a new Chief Minister by the 852-seat Election Committee was scheduled to take place on July 10, 2005, but on June 16, Donald Tsang was declared the winner because he was the only candidate who received the required 100 Election Committee members' votes. The first Chief Minister of Hong Kong was billionaire Dong Jianhua, whose candidacy was proposed by the Chinese authorities. He was elected by a committee of 400 electors and officially took office on July 1, 1997. In July 2002, his first five-year term expired and he was also automatically re-elected as the only candidate nominated. This gave rise to critics to say that the committee did not elect, but actually double-appointed the candidate.

In 1996, the People's Republic of China established the Hong Kong Provisional Legislative Assembly, and after the handover of Hong Kong to China in 1997, it moved to Hong Kong. The Interim Assembly repealed several laws passed by the popularly elected colonial Legislative Assembly in 1995. The temporary assembly passed a number of laws, including the Public Order Law, which required police permission for any event with more than 30 participants. Elections to the Hong Kong Legislative Assembly were held on 24 May 1998, 10 September 2000 and 12 September 2004. According to the Basic Law, in the Legislative Assembly of the present third convocation, 25 seats are allocated to deputies from geographical districts and 30 seats from functional districts. Despite the dissatisfaction of the democratic opposition with the system of functional constituencies, which gives the right to a very small number of voters (just over 100 thousand) to elect half of the deputies of parliament, the elections held in 1998, 2000 and 2004 were assessed by observers as free and open.

Central government offices on Government Hill

Demonstration against the Chinese Communist Party in the Central District

Following the colonial tradition, Hong Kong's government institutions maintain their neutrality and high quality, operating without overt interference. Many government buildings are located in the Central district of Hong Kong Island, close to the historic site of Victoria, the original site of British settlement.

Hong Kong's residency controversy erupted in 1999, while the controversy over Article 23 of the Hong Kong Basic Law became a major political issue in Hong Kong in 2002 and 2003, culminating on 1 July 2003 in half a million demonstration. Despite this, the government continued to try to push the law through the Legislative Assembly. However, one of the main pro-government parties refused to vote for the law. Realizing that the law could not be passed, the government shelved its draft, generated by Article 23. By the end of 2003 and into 2004, the main topic of controversy was the issue of general elections, demands for which became the main slogan of the mass demonstrations on July 1, 2004.

On 24 September 2005, 25 pro-democracy members of Hong Kong's Legislative Assembly, some of whom had been labeled traitors after their criticism of Beijing's handling of the 1989 crackdown on student protesters in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, traveled to Hong Kong's neighboring province, accepting an unprecedented invitation from Chinese authorities. The invitation was seen as the most significant act of goodwill towards Hong Kong's pro-democracy forces since Tiananmen Square.

On 4 December 2005, the Civil Human Rights Front and pro-democracy MPs organized a demonstration whose main demand was that the timing of general elections be included in the political reform proposals for the Chief Minister and Legislative Assembly elections in 2007 and 2008 respectively. According to police, 63,000 people took part in the demonstration; organizers reported at least 250,000. Under these proposals, the electoral committee would double in size (from 800 to 1,600 members), and there would be 10 more members of the Legislative Assembly (5 each from geographical areas). and from functional districts). On December 22, 2005, reforms proposed by the Chief Minister of the Hong Kong Administration Donald Tsang, due to the position of the democratic camp, failed to obtain the required two-thirds of the vote, receiving 34 votes in favor and 24 against. After the defeat, China and the Chief Minister made it clear that reforms would not be possible before the 2012 elections. At the same time, the vote had little effect on Tsang's popularity: his support rate dropped from 82% to only 79%.

The administration's new Chief Minister, Liang Zhenying, who won 689 of 1,132 votes in the March 25, 2012 election, took office on July 1 of that year, marking the 15th anniversary of the return of the former British colony to Chinese jurisdiction (July 1, 1997). The term of office of the 4th head of the Hong Kong administration is from July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2017. According to the Basic Law of the People's Republic of China on the Hong Kong SAR, a candidate for the post of head of the administration of the SAR is nominated locally through elections or consultations, and the official appointment is made by the central government of the PRC.

Although Hong Kong is not an independent state, it enjoys the right of independent membership in international organizations and events such as Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation or the Olympic Games, but after 1997 the official name of its delegations was changed to "Hong Kong, China". Hong Kong also participates in some international events by including its delegate in the group of representatives of the PRC.

At the end of September 2014, mass protests began in Hong Kong against the Chinese central government's attempt to prevent free elections in the former colony of England in 2017. The protests were called the Umbrella Revolution.

Ministries

Hong Kong Ministry of Urban Services
Hong Kong Ministry of Civil Aviation
Hong Kong Ministry of Leisure and Culture
Hong Kong Ministry of Housing
Hong Kong Ministry of Environment
Hong Kong Ministry of Immigration
Hong Kong Ministry of Information Services
Hong Kong Ministry of Taxation
Ministry of Census and Statistics of Hong Kong
Hong Kong Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Wildlife
Hong Kong Ministry of Construction and Development
Hong Kong Ministry of Transport
Ministry of Electrical and Mechanical Services of Hong Kong
Hong Kong Ministry of Justice
Hong Kong Maritime Ministry
Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department

Administrative division

Districts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region: 1. Central and Western, 2. Wanchai, 3. Eastern, 4. Southern, 5. Yauchimwon, 6. Samseipou, 7. Kowloon City, 8. Won Tai Hin, 9. Kuntong, 10. Khuai Chin, 11. Chhunwan, 12. Thunmun, 13. Yunlong, 14. North, 15. Taipou, 16. Sathin, 17. Sai Kung, 18. Islands

Main article: Administrative divisions of Hong Kong

Hong Kong consists of 18 districts:

Each district is represented by a district assembly, which advises the Hong Kong government on local matters relating to public institutions, district development programs, cultural events and environmental protection. The Department of Internal Affairs is responsible for coordinating the actions of district authorities and informing the population about government plans and actions. He communicates with the local population through the authorities of the relevant districts.

There are de facto several cities and towns in Hong Kong, but they do not have formal administrative status, being just part of one of the districts. The historical boundaries of Victoria and New Kowloon are written down in law, but they no longer have legal or administrative powers.

Former Kowloon-Canton Railway Clock Tower. Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong

Population

Main article: Population of Hong Kong

Population as of January 1 based on census results
1961	1971	1976	1981	1986
3 129 648	↗ 3 936 630	↗ 4 402 990	↗ 5 109 812	↗ 5 495 433

1991	1996	2001	2006	2011
↗ 5 674 114	↗ 6 217 556	↗ 6 708 389	↗ 6 864 346	↗ 7 071 576

2016
↗ 7 336 585

Natural population movement

The average number of births per woman between July 2016 and July 2017 was 1,125. This is one of the lowest rates in the world, well below 2.1 - the level needed to maintain a constant population size. Despite this, Hong Kong's population continues to grow thanks to the influx of immigrants from mainland China, with an increase of 49,600 people from July 2017 to July 2018. The average life expectancy in Hong Kong in 2017 was 81.7 years for men and 87.7 years for women. Births - 56,891 (2017) Birth rate - 7.67 ‰ (2017), deaths - 45,883 (2017), mortality - 6.19 ‰ (2017), natural increase + 11,008 (2017) natural increase +1.48 ‰ (2017), migration balance + 26,000 (2017), migration balance +3.51 ‰ (2017)

Jews in Hong Kong

The Jewish community arose in the city in 1857 and was represented by very influential people, among whom stood out the Sassoon family, which played a significant role in the global opium trade in the 19th century. In 1904-1907, the governor of British Hong Kong was a Jew by origin, Matthew Nathan. The dynamics of the number of Jews in the city is as follows: 1921 - 100 people, 1954 - 250 people, 1968 - 200 people (including 70 Sephardim and 130 Ashkenazi), 1998 - 2,500 people, 2002 - 6,000 people.

Economy

Main articles: Economy of Hong Kong And Hong Kong Triads

The territory's economy is based on a free market, low taxation and non-intervention by the state in the economy. Hong Kong is an offshore territory, it is a free port and does not levy customs duties on imports, there is no value added tax or its equivalent. Excise taxes are levied on only four types of goods, regardless of whether they are imported or locally produced. These are alcoholic beverages, tobacco, mineral oil and methyl alcohol. Hong Kong is an important center for international finance and trade, and the concentration of headquarters is the highest in the Asia-Pacific region. In terms of per capita gross domestic product and gross urban product, Hong Kong is the richest city in the PRC.

Hong Kong's tax system was modeled on the English one and largely inherited the principles of the British Commonwealth Set of Measures in the field of tax policy, adopted in 1947. In Hong Kong, there is no division of companies into resident and non-resident, but a territorial principle of taxation has been adopted. This means that Hong Kong companies are only subject to tax if the income is sourced in Hong Kong or the activities that generate the income are carried out in Hong Kong. If a company did not carry on business in Hong Kong and did not receive income from sources in Hong Kong, it is not subject to tax. There are no taxes on capital gains, dividends, interest, or royalties received from or sent overseas in Hong Kong. The income tax rate for companies operating in Hong Kong is 16.5%.

Continuing the policy of the British administration, the Hong Kong government gives priority to the free market and the private sector in managing the economy. Since 1980, the government has played a passive role under the official policy of positive non-intervention. Hong Kong is often held up as an exemplary example of laissez-faire capitalism put into practice. Since the launch of the Economic Freedom Index in 1995, Hong Kong has been ranked number one every year for 13 years. It also ranks first in the World Economic Freedom report.

Hong Kong has little cultivable land and scarce natural resources, so it is forced to import most of its food and raw materials. Hong Kong is the eleventh largest trader in the world, with the total value of its imports and exports exceeding the territory's gross domestic product. As of 2006, Hong Kong had consulates for 114 countries, more than any other city in the world. A significant portion of Hong Kong's exports are re-exports, that is, products produced outside the territory, mainly in mainland China, and distributed through Hong Kong. Even before the transfer of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong had established extensive trade and investment ties with mainland China. The territory's autonomous status allows it to serve as a gateway for investment and resources flowing into the continent.

The currency of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong dollar. Since 1983, it has been pegged to the US dollar. The exchange rate can fluctuate between 7.75 and 7.85 Hong Kong dollars per US dollar. The Hong Kong Stock Exchange is the seventh largest exchange in the world, with a capitalization of US$1.69 trillion in February 2007. In terms of the number of IPOs in 2006, the Hong Kong Stock Exchange ranked second in the world, second only to the London Stock Exchange. According to the City of London Corporation's 2007 World Financial Centers Index, which measures the competitiveness of 46 financial centers around the world, Hong Kong is the third best financial center in the world and the first in the world.

Today, the service sector accounts for more than 90% of Hong Kong's gross domestic product. After World War II and the subsequent industrialization of Hong Kong, the territory's dominant sector was industry. In the 1970s, Hong Kong's economy grew at an average annual rate of 8.9%, driven by exports. In the 1980s, Hong Kong's economy underwent a rapid transformation, with the service sector becoming the backbone of the economy. Average annual GDP growth during this period was 7.2%. During this period, most production was transferred to mainland China, and now the industry's contribution to the economy is only 9%. After Hong Kong became an established financial center in the 1990s, economic growth slowed to 2.7%. Thanks to rapid economic growth and rapid industrialization, Hong Kong entered the four “Asian tigers”, or “dragons”, along with South Korea and.

Hong Kong skyscrapers against the night sky

In 1998, due to the effects of the Asian financial crisis, the territory's economy contracted by 5.3%. This was followed by a period of recovery and growth, which reached 10% in 2000, despite continued deflation. In 2003, Hong Kong's economy was negatively impacted by the SARS outbreak, resulting in economic growth that year of only 2.3%. However, thanks to the recovery and growth of external and domestic demand in 2004, the economy began to grow strongly again, while lower costs increased the competitiveness of Hong Kong's exports. The deflation period, which lasted 68 months, ended in mid-2004 when the inflation rate stabilized around zero. Since 2003, an “individual visit regime” was introduced, which eliminated the need for mainland Chinese citizens to join a tour group to visit Hong Kong. The increased flow of tourists from the mainland as a result of this measure had a positive impact on the income of Hong Kong's tourism industry. This was also facilitated by the opening of Hong Kong Disneyland in 2005. The economy continues to grow strongly, driven by consumer confidence and trade growth. Hong Kong has a low level of taxation for companies and individuals.

In 2006, Hong Kong's per capita GDP of US$38,127 ranked 6th in the world, ahead of countries such as , and . With a total GDP of US$253.1 billion, Hong Kong ranks 40th.

As of 2014, Hong Kong was ranked 3rd in the global ease of doing business rankings. It ranks 5th in the ranking of tax systems in the world. According to the World Bank, there are 3 taxes in Hong Kong, of which 17.6% is income tax, 5.1% is labor tax, 0.1% is other. The total tax rate is 22.8%.

See also: Largest companies in Hong Kong

Transport

Star Ferry. Victoria Harbour. Hong Kong.

Main articles: Hong Kong Transport And Port of Hong Kong

Hong Kong has a complex, highly developed transport system, including public and private transport.

The public transport system, in addition to the MTR rail transport system, which combines the subway, commuter and intracity electric trains (KCR), includes bus service, ferry service between the island and mainland parts of the city, as well as with adjacent islands, a double-decker Hong Kong tram and a cable car connecting the center cities with Victoria Peak. In addition, an escalator lift is used as transport, which is a chain of several escalators and travelators that connects the Central and Western and Mid-Levels areas.

Culture

Main article: Hong Kong culture

Main article: Hong Kong cuisine

Equipment for Hong Kong tea drinking

Queen Elizabeth Stadium façade

Hong Kong is often described as where East meets West, reflected in its economic infrastructure, architecture, education and urban culture. On one street you can find traditional Chinese shops selling Chinese medicines, Buddhist incense or shark fin soup. But just around the corner you can see a cinema showing the latest Hollywood blockbuster, an English pub, a Catholic church or McDonald's. The official languages of the territory are Chinese and English, and bilingual signs are found throughout Hong Kong. Government agencies, the police, most institutions and shops conduct business in both languages. Although British rule ended in 1997, Western culture is deeply rooted in Hong Kong and coexists in harmony with traditional Eastern philosophy and traditions.

Hong Kong's cosmopolitan spirit is also reflected in the variety of cuisines available. The most popular are various types of Chinese cuisine, especially seafood, while there are many European, American, Japanese, Korean and other restaurants in Hong Kong. Local cuisine is also very popular, which can be found in chachangtheng and taihaitong. Hong Kong people take food very seriously, which is why Hong Kong is a destination that attracts top chefs from all over the world.

Bruce Lee statue on Avenue of the Stars

Along with its status as one of the centers of world trade, Hong Kong is also a major exporter of entertainment products, in particular the martial arts genre. Several Hollywood celebrities are from Hong Kong, including Bruce Lee, Chow Yun-Fat, Jackie Chan. Hong Kong has also given Hollywood several outstanding film directors such as John Woo, Wong Kar-wai, Tsui Hark, Yuan Heping. Hong Kong films have also achieved international fame on several occasions, such as Chungking Express, Double Castling, Killer Soccer, Rumble in the Bronx and In the Mood for Love. Famous director Quentin Tarantino said in an interview that he was greatly influenced by Hong Kong action films. Hong Kong is also a major production center for Cantopop music. Many movie stars live in Hong Kong. Karaoke culture is part of Hong Kong's nightlife.

The Hong Kong Government supports cultural institutions such as the Hong Kong Heritage Museum, the Hong Kong Museum of Art, the Hong Kong Academy of Performing Arts and the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra. In addition, the Hong Kong Entertainment and Cultural Services Department subsidizes and sponsors foreign artists coming to Hong Kong.

Since 2001, the city has annually hosted the International Literary Festival.

Education

As a former British overseas territory, Hong Kong has largely retained the UK education system. At higher levels, Hong Kong has both the British and American systems. The University of Hong Kong, the oldest tertiary institution in Hong Kong, has traditionally been based on the British model, but in recent years has incorporated some features of the American model. The second-oldest Chinese University of Hong Kong follows the American model with a distinct British college system. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology is based on the American model of higher education. Hong Kong has nine public universities, as well as several private universities. One notable example is Lingnan University in Thunmun District, which is the only university in Hong Kong that offers instruction in the seven liberal arts.

One of the first educational institutions, the existence of which is confirmed by historical sources, was Li Yin College, founded in 1075 in the area of modern New Territories. In 1860 there were about 20 village schools in Hong Kong.

Modern Hong Kong education was started by Protestant and Catholic missionaries. Italian missionaries began teaching Chinese and English children in 1843. Education was provided only to boys.

Public educational institutions in Hong Kong are supervised by the Department of Education of the Government of the Hong Kong SAR. The system includes optional three-year kindergartens, followed by compulsory six-year primary education and three-year lower secondary education; then an optional two-year upper secondary education culminating in the Hong Kong Educational Examination Certificate, followed by a two-year preparation course for the Hong Kong Advanced Level Examinations. In 2009-2012, it is planned to gradually introduce a new “3+3+4” system, consisting of a three-year first-level secondary school course, a three-year second-level course and a four-year higher education. Hong Kong also has universities that offer bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and other higher and associate's degrees.

Hong Kong's leading educational institutions can be divided into three categories: public, subsidized and private institutions. The first category is the smallest; the largest number of educational institutions are subsidized, receiving assistance from the government and grants from charitable organizations, often of a religious nature. Typically these are Catholic and other Christian organizations, but may also include Buddhist, Taoist, Islamic and Confucian organizations. At the same time, private educational institutions are often run by Christian organizations. Outside this system there are institutions under the direct grant system and private international schools.

Hong Kong University Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Notes

Hong Kong's Basic Law states that the territory's official languages are “Chinese and English.” At the same time, the law does not indicate which variety of Chinese is the standard. Mainland China uses Mandarin as the standardized form of spoken language and Simplified characters as the written language, while Standard Cantonese and Full characters have long been the de facto standard language forms in Hong Kong.
In the 19th century the capital of Hong Kong was often called Victoria City, since all administrative institutions were located there; government buildings are now located in the Central West region of Hong Kong ( 22°17′ N. w. 114°08′ E. d.).
Despite the fact that on the maps of Hong Kong and (unavailable link). Retrieved October 16, 2018. Archived October 8, 2018.
Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department
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Name Hong Kong comes from the self-name of the territory in Cantonese Chinese - Hyeonkon(Chinese: 香港), which means “fragrant harbor”: once upon a time various spices and incense were exported from here. However, in the official language of the People's Republic of China, Putonghua, based on the Northern Chinese pronunciation, these same characters are read Hong Kong. In Russian, the North Chinese reading of the city name is sometimes used (for example, on all official maps), but the most common one still remains Hong Kong.
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Links

Hong Kong occupies the entire length of the coast of the South China Sea. The city consists of Hong Kong Island, the Kowloon Peninsula and more small islands. The coast of Hong Kong is trimmed with bays, bays and shallow rocky islands.

Hong Kong's subtropical monsoon climate is clearly divided into four seasons. The weather does not favor the city with a lot of precipitation. However, thanks to the sea coast, air humidity remains moderate. From time to time there are heavy torrential rains and dense fogs. And from July to September, residents experience typhoon season. But, as a rule, typhoons are short-lived,
causing flight delays. Winter in the city is unusually warm, but quite dry.

Geographical areas of Hong Kong

Conventionally, the city is divided into four parts - Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, New Territory and the main part consisting of small islands. Hong Kong has 18 districts: central, western, eastern, southern, northern, Kowloon City, Wanchai, Sai Kung and others. The oldest are the central and western regions. These territories attract with their attractions, famous shopping centers, and mesmerizing skyscrapers. The eastern region is popular among tourists as it has a developed infrastructure. Wanchai is one of the richest areas of the city.

Modern Hong Kong

Today, the city of Hong Kong is a major world power with successful trade and financial policies. The city's land is not rich in natural resources, but despite this, the city has managed to achieve a high level of prosperity. The island has a very advantageous advantage - close proximity and trade turnover with other countries, an endless flow of tourists. Hong Kong never ceases to amaze numerous guests with its majesty, developed infrastructure, and rich cultural life. Lama Island, lovers' rock, seaside resorts, wishing trees, night markets, parks, temples, museums and much more captivate with their mystery and beauty. Hong Kong is an island of entertainment, as it is home to various entertainment centers, shops, restaurants, nightclubs and much more. In addition, the island has many business and financial institutions.

Have you decided to organize a holiday in Hong Kong? Looking for the best Hong Kong hotels, last minute tours, resorts and last minute deals? Are you interested in the weather in Hong Kong, prices, cost of travel, do you need a visa to Hong Kong and would a detailed map be useful? Would you like to see what Hong Kong looks like in photos and videos? What excursions and attractions are there in Hong Kong? What are the stars and reviews of Hong Kong hotels?

Hong Kong (Hong Kong)- special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. Hong Kong is located on the Kowloon Peninsula, bordered to the west, south and east by the South China Sea, and more than 260 islands. To the north, Hong Kong borders the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in the Chinese province of Guangdong.

Hong Kong is usually divided into three parts: Hong Kong Island itself, Kowloon and the New Territories.

Hong Kong Airport

Hong Kong International Airport Chek Lap Kok Airport or Hong Kong International Airport

Hong Kong hotels 1 - 5 stars

Hong Kong weather

The climate of Hong Kong is subtropical, monsoon. The cool and dry winter lasts from December to March. Spring and summer in Hong Kong are hot, humid and rainy, autumn is warm, sunny and dry. Such different climates at different times of the year are explained by the different wind directions characteristic of each season. In summer and early autumn, tropical cyclones (typhoons) can pass through Hong Kong.

Hong Kong language

Official language: Chinese

English is widely used.

Hong Kong currency

International name: HKD

The Hong Kong dollar is equal to 100 cents. In circulation there are banknotes of 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 HK$ in four different designs, as well as coins in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 cents.

There are no currency restrictions in Hong Kong, any currency is freely traded and purchased, although when purchasing with Hong Kong dollars you can get a number of price advantages and discounts.

You can exchange currency at exchange offices in banks (usually the best rate), airports, large stores and most hotels. Credit cards and traveler's checks are accepted everywhere, and the ATM network is very extensive.

Visa

Facilitated entry regime

Russian citizens do not need a visa to visit Hong Kong for a period not exceeding 14 days. The purpose of travel should be tourism, transit, visiting friends or relatives, a short-term business visit not related to making a profit in Hong Kong.

Customs restrictions

The import of foreign currency is not limited (declaration is required). Up to 1 liter is imported duty free. alcoholic products, perfumes - no more than 60 ml. and eau de toilette no more than 250 ml. (packaged), tobacco products - no more than 200 cigarettes, or 50 cigars, or 250 grams. tobacco

The import of weapons (including stun guns and gas cartridges), pornography, counterfeit products, drugs and poisons is prohibited. Some medications, antibiotics, flammable and explosive substances and items are imported only with appropriate permission from local authorities. Valuables (photo and video equipment, jewelry, etc.) must be indicated in the entry declaration; upon departure, the declaration must be presented again. It is prohibited to export valuable items and works of art without a store receipt confirming the legality of the purchase.

Import of animals

The import of animals (even in the case of transit) is permitted only if you have the appropriate documents (valid for 90 days) from local border veterinary control services, as well as a veterinary certificate issued by the relevant veterinary services of the Russian Federation no earlier than 4 days before departure.

Mains voltage

Tips

Office hours

Most banks are open from Monday to Friday from 9.00 to 16.00-17.00 with a lunch break from 13.00 to 14.00 and on Saturdays from 9.00 to 12.30-13.00.

Most stores are open from 10.00 to 20.00, large trading houses often continue to work until 21.00-22.00. Many retail outlets are also open on weekends.

Photo and video shooting

Photography in temples and museums is either prohibited or an additional fee is charged for it. The fees for using video cameras are much higher or filming is not allowed at all. Photographing strategic objects (airport, train station, dam, bridge, etc.) is prohibited.

Restrictions

From July 1, 2009, Hong Kong introduced a ban on smoking in public places, including restaurants, bars and even public toilets. In addition, restrictions on smoking on the streets will be tightened - entire “tobacco-free areas” already exist on the island.

Safety

In Hong Kong, you must always carry identification (passport, driver's license, etc.) - immigration authorities often conduct document checks to detain illegal workers and immigrants with expired visas.

Code of the country: +852

Geographic first level domain name:.hk

Emergency numbers

Police, ambulance, fire and emergency services - 999.

Useful information for tourists about Hong Kong, cities and resorts of the country. As well as information about the population, currency of Hong Kong, cuisine, features of visa and customs restrictions in Hong Kong.

Geography of Hong Kong

Hong Kong (Hong Kong) is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. Hong Kong is located on the Kowloon Peninsula, bordered to the west, south and east by the South China Sea, and more than 260 islands. To the north, Hong Kong borders the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in the Chinese province of Guangdong.

Hong Kong is usually divided into three parts: Hong Kong Island itself, Kowloon and the New Territories.

State

State structure

On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong acquired the status of a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, but enjoys a high degree of autonomy and has retained its political, social and economic system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative - by parliament.

Language

Official language: Chinese

English is widely used.

Currency

International name: HKD

The Hong Kong dollar is equal to 100 cents. In circulation there are banknotes of 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 HK$ in four different designs, as well as coins in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 cents.

There are no currency restrictions in Hong Kong, any currency is freely traded and purchased, although when purchasing with Hong Kong dollars you can get a number of price advantages and discounts.

Popular attractions

Tourism in Hong Kong

Popular hotels

Tips

Visa

Office hours

Most banks are open from Monday to Friday from 9.00 to 16.00-17.00 with a lunch break from 13.00 to 14.00 and on Saturdays from 9.00 to 12.30-13.00.

Most stores are open from 10.00 to 20.00, large trading houses often continue to work until 21.00-22.00. Many retail outlets are also open on weekends.

Safety

Emergency numbers

Police, ambulance, fire and emergency services - 999.

Photo and video shooting

You won't be able to get to Hong Kong inexpensively, accept it. From Minsk with a transfer in Moscow, you can fly round-trip on Aeroflot for $650. From Moscow, it is most profitable to use the services of Emirates - from $536 in both directions. A trip from Kyiv with a transfer in Amsterdam or Paris will cost approximately $650-700. Also pay attention to Turkish Airlines and Air China, sometimes their sales allow you to save a lot of money.

Adventures in Hong Kong begin from the airport itself. Firstly, when the plane lands, it seems as if it is landing directly on the water - and it is very beautiful. You can take a walk inside the airport if you are interested in the history of one of the largest and most expensive airfields in the world, which is listed in the Guinness Book of Records. Hong Kong International Airport has the unofficial name Chek Lap Kok Airport. This is the name of the island on which it was built in 1998. Despite its short history, it has repeatedly won awards as a . There is such a variety of entertainment here that you can easily be gape and miss your flight: you will find a restaurant with an observation deck on the roof of terminal No. 1, an entertainment center with a 4D cinema, an aviation center, an interactive themed center Asia Hollywood and a huge gym in terminal No. 2. By the way, at the aviation center you can try yourself as a pilot.

There are several options for getting there from the airport:

By taxi. In Hong Kong, taxis vary in color. Red city taxis connect the airport with Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and parts of the new cities of Quan Wan, Sa Thin and Chen Gwan Ou. City taxis can take you anywhere in Hong Kong except the southern island of Lantau. Green taxis connect the airport with the New Territories, except for those places where “red” ones operate. Blue taxis only operate between the airport and Lantau. A trip to the city center will cost you 220-360 HKD ($1 = 7.8 HKD) depending on the area.

By bus. There are many buses running from the airport's Cheong Tat Road Transport Center to Hong Kong. From Hong Kong to the airport there are buses A and E, except E21A, E21X, E31. The orange color of the bus means that it is equipped for a large amount of luggage. A city bus ticket costs 22-48 HKD ($3-6).

There aren't many good hostels in Hong Kong, unfortunately. Most hostels are located in the center, but they are very small, dirty and leave a bad impression. However, there are several that are distinguished by their comfort and pleasant atmosphere.

Check Inn HK (Flat A, 2/F, Kwong Wah Mansion, 269-273 Hennessy Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong) - Located 5 minutes from Wan Chai MRT Station and 10 minutes from Hong Kong Exhibition Centre. From the airport it takes 45 minutes to get here. It’s cozy here, there’s a place to store your luggage, at the reception they can change money and tell you about where to go and what to do. In this hostel you can rent a place in a dormitory room for $31 per night, or a double or single room with a shared bathroom for $80 and $60, respectively.

The Mahjong (1/F, 2A Ma Hang Chung Road, To Kwa Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong) . A fun hostel with graffiti walls and the unusual option of double bunk beds in dorm rooms ($72). The journey here takes 50 minutes by bus A22 from the airport. It is 20 minutes to the party district of bars and nightclubs Lan Kwai Fong, and 15 minutes to the central Tsim Sha Tsui in the harbor with a promenade, shops and restaurants. A regular bed in a shared room can be rented here for $32-43, depending on the availability of air conditioning and a bathroom in the room.

Bay Bridge Hong Kong by Hotel G (123 Castle Peak Road, Ting Kau, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong) . This hotel offers the opportunity to rent a studio room for $106 per night, a place in a dormitory room at the Campus Hong Kong Hostel (which is located right on the hotel grounds) for $35, and a private room with access to the pool for $124. Bay Bridge is located at a decent distance from the center, but it has a lot of advantages: a beautiful view of the river, a swimming pool, a restaurant and a gym, free transfer to and from the hotel to the nearest Tsuen Wan metro station throughout the day until midnight, regular buses, shuttles to the airport near the hotel.

Jockey Club Mt. Davis Youth Hostel (123 Mount Davis Path, Southern District, Hong Kong) . Quite a simple, clean and uncluttered hostel with stunning sea views and an outdoor area for watching sunsets. Relatively close to the center, the airport and the famous Victoria Peak. A room for two with a choice of a double bed or two single beds costs $85 here, a place in a dormitory room costs $32.

Hop Inn on Mody (5/F, Lyton Building, 36 Mody Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong) - a hostel for creative people in the heart of popular Tsim Sha Tsui. There are a large number of private rooms with amenities, and the rooms are painted by local artists. You can live in each of them for $99-$110. There is also the option of a bed in a dormitory room costing $31-39 per night. The rooms have air conditioning. The hostel is three minutes from Victoria Harbour, the monumental Cultural Center and Art Museum and 45 minutes from the airport.

Wontonmeen (1/F 135 Lai Chi Kok Road Kowloon, Tai Kok Tsui, Hong Kong) - the place is conceptual and original. Beds separated by a net ($39 per night), books, unusual light and color combinations, hammocks, a terrace - everything together looks like an art apartment. Wontonmeen is located next to Temple Street and the Ladies’ market http://www.ladies-market.hk/.

Just Hotel (Flat F, 8th Floor, Wing Lee Building, 27-33 Kimberley Road, Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong) . Minimalism and coziness, pleasant atmosphere and comfort close to Victoria Harbor, Kowloon Park and the iSquare shopping center. Bed in dormitory - $49.

First of all, go to the boardwalk in Tsim Sha Tsui with beautiful views of Victoria Harbour. This is the very center and one of the most popular places in Hong Kong with museums, galleries and restaurants.

If you want to see Hong Kong from a bird's eye view, go to Victoria Peak. You can get to the top by bus, but it’s more interesting to take a funicular tram. There are queues, it’s hot during the day, but after sunset it’s cool and the whole city shines in the lights. It's worth seeing at least once in your life. At the top you can climb to Peak Tower (128 Peak Road, Mid-Levels, Hong Kong Island) - there is an observation deck, and gallery There are restaurants and shops nearby. At the lower tram station you can go to the historical gallery to study the history of both the cable car line and Hong Kong itself.

Snack

Near Night Market (Temple Street, Yau Ma Tei, Kowloon) there is a lot of asian street food. Prices are also significantly lower than in establishments. If in a restaurant you pay 200-250 HKD and above, then here you can eat and get drunk for up to 200 HKD ($25). There is never too much rice and noodles in Hong Kong. In combination with meat, seafood and vegetables, spicy and not so spicy dishes acquire the special taste of homemade food, and the portions are so huge that one is enough for half a day. There is not much to buy at the market itself; there is a lot of junk here at inflated prices. But in some trays you can find rare things like antique watches on a chain around your neck, unusual wallets, figurines and jewelry. So you can take the chance and pick up unique gifts for yourself, family and friends. To get here, you need to get off at Jordan Subway Station (Exit A) and go to Temple Street.

For breakfast there is a small but special place in the area of the same metro station - Australia Dairy Company (47 Parkes St, Jordan) ! It is popular because the food here is incredibly delicious. Here you will be served soup, omelet and sandwich - perhaps the most delicious ones you have already tasted in your life, with strong Asian milk tea. The cost of such a breakfast is also very small for Hong Kong - about 50 HKD ($ 7). The place is so popular that you need to prepare for a possible queue - but the food is worth it.

In a huge shopping center Harbor City (3-27 Canton Rd) The famous Tsim Sha Tsui has a food court with Asian cuisine to suit every taste. By the way, here you can take a chance and try the spiciest food in China, originally from Sichuan province. But get ready for not just sharpness, but flames inside and bitter tears outside.

Cafes / Restaurants

Check out a real underground Japanese restaurant Rakuen (Unit E, 4/F, Ho Lee Commercial Bldg, 38-44 D"Aguilar St) , where only those who know about it and appreciate real delicious food gather. It is located on Bridges Street at 38/44 on the fourth floor.

Yes, you will be able to taste delicious Italian food in Hong Kong. Family restaurant